Insimbi yephayiphi uhlobo lwensimbi olusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinhlelo zokuthutha zamapayipi kawoyela negesi. Njengethuluzi lokuthutha elikude lamafutha negesi yemvelo, uhlelo lwamapayipi lunezinzuzo zokonga, ukuphepha kanye nokungaphazanyiswa.
Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi yepayipi
Insimbi yepayipiIzinhlobo zomkhiqizo zifaka amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo namapayipi ensimbi ahlanganisiwe, angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu: izindawo zasezintabeni, izindawo ezinesibabule esiningi kanye nokubekwa phansi kolwandle. Lawa mapayipi anendawo yokusebenza enzima anemigqa emide futhi akulula ukuwanakekela, futhi anezidingo eziqinile zekhwalithi.
Izinselele eziningi ezibhekene nensimbi yepayipi zifaka: iningi lamasimu kawoyela negesi atholakala ezindaweni ezibandayo, ama-ice sheet, amahlane, kanye nezindawo zolwandle, futhi izimo zemvelo zinzima kakhulu; noma ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwezokuthutha, ububanzi bepayipi buhlala bukhuliswa, futhi ingcindezi yokulethwa iyanda njalo.
Izakhiwo Zensimbi Yepayipi
Kusukela ekuhlolweni okuphelele komkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kwamapayipi kawoyela negesi, izimo zokubekwa kwamapayipi, izindlela eziyinhloko zokwehluleka kanye nezimbangela zokwehluleka, insimbi yamapayipi kufanele ibe nezakhiwo ezinhle zemishini (udonga olujiyile, amandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka), futhi kufanele futhi ibe nobubanzi obukhulu, Kufanele futhi ibe nobubanzi obukhulu, ukushibilika, ukumelana nokubanda nokushisa okuphansi, ukumelana nokugqwala (CO2), ukumelana namanzi olwandle kanye ne-HIC, ukusebenza kwe-SSCC, njll.
① Amandla aphezulu
Insimbi yephayiphi ayidingi nje kuphela amandla aphezulu okudonseka kanye namandla okukhiqiza, kodwa futhi idinga isilinganiso sokukhiqiza sibe phakathi kuka-0.85 ~ 0.93.
② Ukuqina komthelela ophezulu
Ukuqina okunamandla kungahlangabezana nezidingo zokuvimbela ukuqhekeka.
③Izinga lokushisa lokuguquka eliphansi elithambile
Izindawo ezinzima kanye nezimo zezulu zidinga insimbi yepayipi ukuthi ibe nokushisa okwanele kokuguquguquka okune-ductile-brittle. Indawo yokugunda ye-DWTT (Drop Weight Tear Test) isibe yinkomba yokulawula eyinhloko yokuvimbela ukwehluleka kokuqhuma kwamapayipi. Imininingwane ejwayelekile idinga ukuthi indawo yokugunda yohlobo lwesampula ibe yi-≥85% ekushiseni okuphansi kokusebenza.
④Ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuqhekeka okubangelwa yi-hydrogen (HIC) kanye nokuqhekeka kokugqwala okubangelwa yi-sulfide (SSCC)
⑤ Ukusebenza kahle kokushisela
Ukushibilika kahle kwensimbi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho kanye nekhwalithi yokushibilika kwepayipi.
Izindinganiso Zensimbi Yepayipi
Njengamanje, izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe eziyinhloko zamapayipi ensimbi okudlulisa uwoyela negesi asetshenziswa ezweni lami zifaka phakathiI-API 5L, DNV-OS-F101, ISO 3183, kanye ne-GB/T 9711, njll. Isimo esijwayelekile sinje:
① I-API 5L (incazelo yepayipi yomugqa) iyincazelo eyamukelwa kabanzi eyenziwe yi-Maine Petroleum Institute.
② I-DNV-OS-F101 (uhlelo lwamapayipi angaphansi kolwandle) luyincazelo eklanywe ngokukhethekile yi-Det Norske Veritas yamapayipi angaphansi kolwandle.
③ I-ISO 3183 iyindinganiso eyaklanywa yi-International Organisation for Standardization ngezimo zokulethwa kwamapayipi ensimbi ukuze kudluliselwe uwoyela negesi. Le ndinganiso ayibandakanyi ukwakhiwa nokufakwa kwamapayipi.
④ Inguqulo yakamuva ye-GB/T 9711 inguqulo ka-2017. Le nguqulo isekelwe ku-ISO 3183:2012 kanye ne-API Spec 5L 45th Edition. isekelwe kuzo zombili. Ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso ezimbili ezibalulwe, amazinga amabili okucaciswa komkhiqizo achaziwe: i-PSL1 kanye ne-PSL2. I-PSL1 inikeza izinga lekhwalithi elijwayelekile lepayipi yomugqa; i-PSL2 yengeza izidingo ezidingekayo kufaka phakathi ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, ukuqina kwe-notch, izakhiwo zamandla kanye nokuhlolwa okungeziwe okungabhubhisi (NDT).
I-API SPEC 5L kanye ne-ISO 3183 ziyizincazelo zamapayipi omugqa ezinethonya emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izinkampani eziningi zikawoyela emhlabeni zijwayele ukwamukelaImininingwane ye-API SPEC 5L njengencazelo eyisisekelo yokuthengwa kwamapayipi ensimbi yepayipi.
Ulwazi lwe-oda
Inkontileka ye-oda lensimbi yamapayipi kufanele ifake ulwazi olulandelayo:
① Ubuningi (isisindo esiphelele noma inani eliphelele lamapayipi ensimbi);
② Izinga elijwayelekile (PSL1 noma PSL2);
③Ipayipi lensimbiuhlobo (olungenamthungo nomaipayipi elihlanganisiwe, inqubo ethile yokushisela, uhlobo lokuphela kwepayipi);
④Kusekelwe ezindinganisweni, njenge-GB/T 9711-2017;
⑤ izinga lensimbi;
⑥Ububanzi bangaphandle kanye nobukhulu bodonga;
⑦Ubude nohlobo lobude (olunganqunywanga noma olunganqunywanga);
⑧ Nquma isidingo sokusebenzisa isithasiselo.
Amabanga epayipi lensimbi kanye namabanga ensimbi (GB/T 9711-2017)
| Insimbi yezinga elijwayelekile | ibanga lepayipi lensimbi | ibanga lensimbi |
| I-PSL1 | L175 | A25 |
| L175P | A25P | |
| L210 | A | |
| L245 | B | |
| L290 | X42 | |
| L320 | I-X46 | |
| L360 | X52 | |
| L390 | I-X56 | |
| L415 | I-X60 | |
| L450 | I-X65 | |
| L485 | X70 | |
| I-PSL2 | L245R | BR |
| L290R | I-X42R | |
| L245N | I-BN | |
| L290N | I-X42N | |
| L320N | I-X46N | |
| L360N | I-X52N | |
| L390N | X56N | |
| L415N | I-X60N | |
| L245Q | I-BQ | |
| L290Q | I-X42Q | |
| L320Q | I-X46Q | |
| L360Q | I-X52Q | |
| L390Q | I-X56Q | |
| L415Q | I-X60Q | |
| L450Q | I-X65Q | |
| L485Q | I-X70Q | |
| L555Q | I-X80Q | |
| L625Q | I-X90Q | |
| I-L690Q | I-X100M | |
| L245M | BM | |
| L290M | I-X42M | |
| L320M | I-X46M | |
| L360M | I-X52M | |
| L390M | I-X56M | |
| L415M | I-X60M | |
| L450M | I-X65M | |
| L485M | I-X70M | |
| L555M | I-X80M | |
| L625M | I-X90M | |
| L690M | I-X100M | |
| L830M | I-X120M |
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-30-2023