Insimbi yesakhiwoiyizinto zokwakha ezijwayelekile ezenziwe ngamanani athile ensimbi futhi iza ngezindlela ezahlukene zokwakheka okujwayelekile embonini (noma "amaphrofayili"). Amanani ensimbi yesakhiwo athuthukiswa ngokwakheka kwamakhemikhali athile kanye nezakhiwo zemishini ezenzelwe izinhlelo ezithile.
EYurophu, insimbi yokwakha kumele ihambisane nezindinganiso zaseYurophuI-EN 10025, ephethwe yi-European Committee for Iron and Steel Standardization (ECISS), okuyiqembu elincane le-European Committee for Standardization (CEN).
Kunezibonelo eziningi zezinhlobo zensimbi ezakhiwe zaseYurophu, njenge-S195, S235, S275, S355, S420 kanye ne-S460. Kulesi sihloko, sizogxila ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zemishini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-S235, S275 kanye ne-S355, izinhlobo ezintathu ezivamile zensimbi ezakhiwe ezisetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene okwakha e-European Union.
Ngokwesigaba se-Eurocode, izinsimbi zesakhiwo kumele zikhonjwe ngezimpawu ezijwayelekile ezifaka phakathi kodwa zingagcini ku-S, 235, J2, K2, C, Z, W, JR kanye ne-JO, lapho:
Kuye ngenqubo yokukhiqiza, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhambisanayo, izinhlamvu ezengeziwe kanye nokuhlukaniswa kungasetshenziswa ukuhlonza uhlobo oluthile lwensimbi noma umkhiqizo.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-EU akuyona indinganiso yomhlaba wonke, ngakho-ke amazinga amaningi afanele anezakhiwo ezifanayo zamakhemikhali nezemishini angasetshenziswa kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Isibonelo, insimbi yesakhiwo ekhiqizwe emakethe yase-US kumele ihlangabezane nezidingo ze-American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Amakhodi aphesheya aqala ngo-"A" alandelwe yikilasi elifanele, njenge-A36 nomaA53.
Emazweni amaningi, insimbi yokwakha ilawulwa futhi kumele ihlangabezane nezindinganiso ezithile eziyisisekelo zesimo, usayizi, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye namandla.
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwensimbi yokwakha kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kulawulwa kakhulu. Lesi yisici esiyinhloko esinquma izakhiwo zensimbi. Ethebuleni elingezansi ungabona amazinga aphezulu amaphesenti ezinto ezithile ezilungisekayo ezikhona kumagreyidi ensimbi yokwakha yaseYurophu i-S235,S275kanye ne-S355.
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwensimbi yokwakha kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kulawulwa ngokuqinile. Kuyisici esiyisisekelo esinquma izakhiwo zensimbi. Ethebuleni elingezansi ungabona iphesenti eliphezulu lezinye izakhi ezilawulwayo emazingeni ensimbi yokwakha aseYurophu i-S235, i-S275 kanye ne-S355.
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwensimbi yokwakha kubaluleke kakhulu konjiniyela futhi kuzohluka kusukela ebangeni kuya ebangeni kuye ngokuthi ihloselwe ukusetshenziswa kanjani. Isibonelo, i-S355K2W iyinsimbi yokwakha eqinile, ebizwa ngokuthi i-K2, enokwakheka kwamakhemikhali okwenzelwe ukumelana nesimo sezulu esiphezulu - i-W. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwalesi sigaba sensimbi yokwakha kuhlukile kancane kwejwayelekile.Ibanga le-S355.
Izakhiwo zensimbi ezakhiwe ziyisisekelo sokuhlukaniswa kwayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo. Nakuba ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kuyisici esiyinhloko esinquma izakhiwo zensimbi ezakhiwe, kubalulekile futhi ukwazi izindlela eziyisisekelo zezakhiwo noma ukusebenza kwazo, njengamandla okukhiqiza kanye namandla okudonsa, njengoba kuchazwe ngemininingwane eminingi ngezansi.
Amandla okukhiqiza insimbi yesakhiwo alinganisa amandla amancane adingekayo ukudala ukuguquguquka okuhlala njalo kwensimbi. Umthetho wokuqamba amagama osetshenziswa ku-EN10025 ejwayelekile yaseYurophu ubhekisela emandleni amancane okukhiqiza ebanga lensimbi elihlolwe ngobukhulu obungu-16 mm.
Amandla okuthamba kwensimbi yesakhiwo ahlobene nendawo lapho kwenzeka khona ukuguquka okuhlala njalo lapho izinto zinwetshwa noma zinwetshwa ngokunqamula ubude bazo.
Insimbi yokwakha iza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene, kodwa ivame ukuthengiswa yakhiwe ngendlela ethile ehlanganisiwe eyenzelwe ukusetshenziswa okuthile. Isibonelo, insimbi yokwakha ethengiswa njenge-I-beams, i-Z-beams, ama-box lintels, izingxenye zesakhiwo ezingenalutho (HSS), i-L-beams, kanye namapuleti ensimbi avamile.
Kuye ngesicelo esifunwayo, unjiniyela ucacisa izinga lensimbi—ngokuvamile ukuze ihlangabezane namandla amancane, isisindo esiphezulu, kanye nezidingo zesimo sezulu ezingaba khona—kanye nesimo sengxenye—uma kuqhathaniswa nendawo edingekayo kanye nemithwalo noma imithwalo elindelwe.
Insimbi yokwakha inezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi, futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza zayo ziyahlukahluka. Ziwusizo kakhulu njengoba zinikeza inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yokushintshwa okuhle kanye namandla aqinisekisiwe. Insimbi yokwakha iwumkhiqizo oguquguqukayo kakhulu ovame ukuthandwa onjiniyela abafuna ukukhulisa amandla noma izakhiwo ezimise okwe-S ngenkathi benciphisa isisindo sazo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-13-2023