I-ASTM A500 iyipayipi lesakhiwo sensimbi yekhabhoni elihlanganisiwe nelingenamthungo elenziwe ngokubandayo lezakhiwo zebhuloho nezakhiwo ezakhiwe nge-welded, riveted, noma bholted kanye nezinjongo ezijwayelekile zesakhiwo.
Ipayipi lebanga C lingenye yamazinga anamandla aphezulu okukhiqiza okungenani angama-345 MPa kanye namandla okudonsa okungenani angama-425 MPa.
Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe mayelanaI-ASTM A500, ungachofoza ukuze uyihlole!
I-ASTM A500 ihlukanisa ipayipi lensimbi libe amazinga amathathu,ibanga B, ibanga C, kanye nebanga D.
I-CHS: Izingxenye eziyindilinga ezingenalutho.
I-RHS: Izingxenye ezinezimbobo eziyisikwele noma eziyisikwele.
I-EHS: Izingxenye ezingenalutho ezi-elliptical.
Insimbi kumele yenziwe ngenqubo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalezi ezilandelayo:i-oxygen eyisisekelo noma isithando sikagesi.
Ipayipi kufanele lenziwe yi-ngaphandle komthungonoma inqubo yokushisela.
Amapayipi ahlanganisiwe kumele enziwe ngensimbi egoqwe ngokuyisicaba ngenqubo yokumelana nogesi (ERW). I-longitudinal butt joint yepayipi elihlanganisiwe kumele ihlanganiswe ngobubanzi bayo ngendlela yokuthi amandla okwakheka kwesakhiwo sesigaba samapayipi aqinisekiswe.
I-ASTM A500 Grade C ingasuswa noma incishiswe ukucindezeleka.
Ukufakwa kwe-Annealing kufezwa ngokushisa ithubhu lifike ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu bese liphola kancane kancane. Ukufakwa kwe-Annealing kulungisa kabusha isakhiwo sezinto ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina kwayo kanye nokufana kwayo.
Ukuqeda ukucindezeleka ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngokushisa izinto kuze kufike ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi (ngokuvamile eliphansi kunelokunamathisela) bese uzibamba isikhathi esithile bese uzipholisa. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukuphambuka noma ukuqhekeka kwezinto ngesikhathi sokusebenza okulandelayo njengokushisela noma ukusika.
Ukuvama kokuhlolwa: Amasampula amabili epayipi athathwe eqenjini ngalinye lezingcezu ezingu-500 noma ingxenye yalo, noma amasampula amabili ezinto ezigoqiwe ezisicaba athathwe eqenjini ngalinye lenani elifanele lezingcezu zezinto ezigoqiwe ezisicaba.
Izindlela zokuhlolaIzindlela nemikhuba ehlobene nokuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali kufanele ihambisane nezindlela zokuhlola, imikhuba, kanye namagama A751.
| Izidingo Zamakhemikhali,% | |||
| Ukwakheka | Ibanga C | ||
| Ukuhlaziywa Kokushisa | Ukuhlaziywa Komkhiqizo | ||
| C (Ikhabhoni)A | ubuningi | 0.23 | 0.27 |
| I-Mn (i-Manganese)A | ubuningi | 1.35 | 1.40 |
| I-P (i-Phosphorus) | ubuningi | 0.035 | 0.045 |
| S(Isibabule) | ubuningi | 0.035 | 0.045 |
| I-Cu (ithusi)B | umzuzu | 0.20 | 0.18 |
| AUkwehliswa ngakunye kwephuzu lamaphesenti angu-0.01 ngaphansi komkhawulo ocacisiwe wekhabhoni, ukwenyuka kwephuzu lamaphesenti angu-0.06 ngaphezu komkhawulo ocacisiwe we-manganese kuvunyelwe, kuze kufike ku-1.50% ngokuhlaziywa kokushisa kanye nokuhlaziywa komkhiqizo ongaphansi kuka-1.60%. BUma insimbi equkethe ithusi ichazwe ku-oda lokuthenga. | |||
Amasampula athambile kufanele ahambisane nezidingo ezifanele zeZindlela Zokuhlola kanye Nezincazelo A370, Isithasiselo A2.
| Izidingo Zokunamathela | ||
| Uhlu | Ibanga C | |
| Amandla okudonsa, ubuncane | i-psi | 62,000 |
| I-MPa | 425 | |
| Amandla okukhiqiza, ubuncane | i-psi | 50,000 |
| I-MPa | 345 | |
| Ukwelulwa ngamasentimitha angu-2 (50 mm), min,C | % | 21B |
| BKusebenza ekujikeni kodonga okucacisiwe (t) okulingana noma okungaphezu kuka-0.120 in. [3.05mm]. Kubo bukhulu bodonga obucacisiwe obulula, amanani amancane okwandiswa kufanele abe ngokuvumelana nomenzi. CAmanani amancane okwandiswa acacisiwe asebenza kuphela ekuhlolweni okwenziwe ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kwepayipi. | ||
Esivivinyweni, isampula ifakwa emshinini wokuhlola odonsayo bese inwetshwa kancane kancane ize iphuke. Kuyo yonke inqubo, umshini wokuhlola uqopha idatha yokucindezeleka kanye nokucindezeleka, ngaleyo ndlela udala ijika lokucindezeleka. Leli jika lisivumela ukuthi sibone yonke inqubo kusukela ekuguqukeni okunwebekayo kuya ekuguqulweni kwepulasitiki kuya ekuqhekekeni, kanye nokuthola amandla okukhiqiza, amandla okudonsa kanye nedatha yobude.
Ubude besampula: Ubude besampula esetshenziselwa ukuhlola akumele bube ngaphansi kwama-65 mm (2 1/2 in).
Ukuhlolwa kokuguquguquka: Ngaphandle kokuqhekeka noma ukuqhekeka, isampula iyasicaba phakathi kwamapuleti ahambisanayo kuze kube yilapho ibanga phakathi kwamapuleti lingaphansi kwenani "H" elibalwe ngefomula elandelayo:
H=(1+e)t/(e+t/D)
H = ibanga phakathi kwamapuleti athambile, ngo. [mm],
e= ukuguqulwa ngobude beyunithi (okungaguquki kwebanga elinikeziwe lensimbi, 0.07 kweBanga B, kanye 0.06 kweBanga C),
t= ubukhulu bodonga obucacisiwe bepayipi, ngo. [mm],
D = ububanzi obungaphandle obucacisiwe bepayipi, ngo. [mm].
Ubuqothoti-est: Qhubeka ulula isampula kuze kube yilapho isampula iphuka noma izindonga eziphambene zesampula zihlangana.
Ukwehlulekaci-riteria: Ukuxebuka kwe-laminar noma izinto ezibuthakathaka ezitholakala kulo lonke ukuhlolwa kokusicaba kuzoba yisizathu sokwenqatshwa.
Ukuhlolwa kokuvutha kuyatholakala kumashubhu ayindilinga angu-≤ 254 mm (10 in) ububanzi, kodwa akuyona impoqo.
| Uhlu | Ububanzi | Inothi |
| Ububanzi Bangaphandle (OD) | ≤48mm (1.9 in) | ±0.5% |
| ＞50mm (2 inches) | ±0.75% | |
| Ubukhulu Bodonga (T) | Ubukhulu bodonga obucacisiwe | ≥90% |
| Ubude (L) | ≤6.5m (22ft) | -6mm (1/4in) - +13mm (1/2in) |
| ＞6.5m (22ft) | -6mm (1/4in) - +19mm (3/4) | |
| Ukuqonda | Ubude bungamayunithi asebukhosini (ft) | I-L/40 |
| Amayunithi obude ayi-metric (m) | I-L/50 | |
| Izidingo zokubekezelela ubukhulu obuhlobene nensimbi eyindilinga yesakhiwo | ||
Ukunqunywa Okuphelele Kwesici
Amaphutha obuso kufanele ahlukaniswe njengamaphutha lapho ukujula kwephutha lobuso kungokungathi ubukhulu bodonga obusele bungaphansi kuka-90% wobukhulu bodonga obubekiwe.
Amamaki aphathwe kahle, amamaki amancane okubumba noma okugoqa, noma ama-dents angajulile awabhekwa njengamaphutha uma engasuswa ngaphakathi kwemingcele yobukhulu bodonga ecacisiwe. La maphutha ongaphezulu awadingi ukususwa okuphoqelekile.
Ukulungiswa Okuphelele Kweziphambeko
Amaphutha anobukhulu bodonga obufika ku-33% wobukhulu obubekiwe kufanele asuswe ngokusika noma ngokugaya kuze kube yilapho insimbi engenamaphutha ivele.
Uma kudingeka ukushisela nge-tack, inqubo yokushisela ngamanzi kufanele isetshenziswe.
Ngemva kokulungisa kabusha, insimbi eningi kufanele isuswe ukuze kube nobuso obubushelelezi.
Igama lomkhiqizi, uhlobo, noma uphawu lokuhweba; ukuqokwa kwencazelo (unyaka wokukhishwa awudingeki); kanye nencwadi yebanga.
Kumapayipi esakhiwo anobubanzi bangaphandle obuyi-4 in [10 cm] noma ngaphansi, ulwazi lokuhlonza luvunyelwe kumalebula anamathiselwe ngokuphephile kuqoqo ngalinye lamapayipi.
Kukhona futhi inketho yokusebenzisa amabhakhodi njengendlela yokuhlonza eyengeziwe, futhi kunconywa ukuthi amabhakhodi ahambisane ne-AIAG Standard B-1.
1. Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo: Insimbi yebanga C ivame ukusetshenziswa ekwakheni izakhiwo lapho kudingeka khona ukwesekwa kwesakhiwo. Ingasetshenziswa kuma-mainframe, izakhiwo zophahla, phansi, kanye nezindonga zangaphandle.
2. Amaphrojekthi engqalasizinda: Ukuze kube namabhuloho, izakhiwo zezimpawu zomgwaqo omkhulu, kanye nezindonga zothango ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukwesekwa nokuqina okudingekayo.
3. Izakhiwo zezimboni: ezitshalweni zokukhiqiza nakwezinye izindawo zezimboni, ingasetshenziswa ekuqiniseni, ezinhlelweni zokubiyela, kanye nasezinsikeni.
4. Izakhiwo zamandla avuselelekayo: Ingasetshenziswa futhi ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zamandla omoya kanye nelanga.
5. Izikhungo zemidlalo nemishini: izakhiwo zezindawo zemidlalo ezifana nezitulo zokuzivocavoca, izinsika zamagoli, ngisho nemishini yokuzivocavoca.
6. Imishini yezolimo: Ingasetshenziswa ukwakha ozimele bemishini nezindawo zokugcina izinto.
Usayizi: Nikeza ububanzi bangaphandle kanye nobukhulu bodonga ukuze kufakwe amapayipi ayindilinga; nikeza ubukhulu bangaphandle kanye nobukhulu bodonga ukuze kufakwe amapayipi ayizikwele nayinxande.
Ubuningi: Sho ubude obuphelele (amafidi noma amamitha) noma inani lobude obudingekayo.
Ubude: Khombisa uhlobo lobude obudingekayo - okungahleliwe, okuphindaphindwayo, noma okuqondile.
Imininingwane ye-ASTM 500: Nikeza unyaka wokushicilelwa kwencazelo ye-ASTM 500 ebhekiselwe kuyo.
Ibanga: Khombisa izinga lezinto ezibonakalayo (B, C, noma D).
Ukuqokwa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile: Khombisa ukuthi izinto zenziwe ngamapayipi abandayo.
Indlela Yokukhiqiza: Memezela ukuthi ipayipi lingenamthungo noma lihlanganisiwe.
Ukusetshenziswa Kokugcina: Chaza ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe kwepayipi
Izidingo Ezikhethekile: Bhala noma yiziphi ezinye izidingo ezingamboziwe yincazelo ejwayelekile.
Singumkhiqizi kanye nomhlinzeki wamapayipi ensimbi yekhabhoni ashiselwe ngekhwalithi ephezulu avela eShayina, futhi siphinde sibe ngumthengisi wamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo, sikunikeza izixazululo eziningi zamapayipi ensimbi!
Uma ufuna ukwazi ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nemikhiqizo yamapayipi ensimbi, ungaxhumana nathi!
