I-ASTM A334Ibanga 1iyipayipi lensimbi yekhabhoni elingenamthungo nelihlanganisiwe lensizakalo yokushisa okuphansi.
Inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni okungu-0.30%, okuqukethwe kwe-manganese okungu-0.40-1.60%, amandla okudonsa okungenani angu-380Mpa (55ksi), kanye namandla okukhiqiza angu-205Mpa (30ksi).
Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuthuthweni koketshezi ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphansi, imishini yokuqandisa, kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni ezidinga ukumelana nokushisa okuphansi.
I-ASTM A334 inezinhlobo eziningana zokubhekana nezimo ezahlukene zokushisa okuphansi, okungukuthi:Ibanga 1, Ibanga 3, Ibanga 6, Ibanga 7, Ibanga 8, Ibanga 9, kanye neBanga 11.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zensimbi, insimbi yekhabhoni kanye nensimbi ye-alloy.
Ibanga 1futhiIbanga lesi-6zombili ziyizinsimbi zekhabhoni.
Zingakhiqizwa yi-izinqubo ezingenamthungo noma ezihlanganisiwe.
Ekukhiqizweni kwamashubhu ensimbi angenamthungo, kunezinqubo ezimbili zokukhiqiza,Kuqediwe ngokushisa noma kudonswe ngokubandayo.
Ukukhetha kuncike kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kokugcina kwepayipi, usayizi wepayipi, kanye nezidingo ezithile zezakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo.
Ngezansi kunomdwebo wenqubo yokukhiqiza engenamthungo eqediwe kahle.
Iisiphetho esishisayoInqubo yepayipi engenamthungo ihilela ukushisa i-billet yensimbi ibe yizinga lokushisa eliphezulu bese kwakheka ipayipi ngokuyigoqa noma ukuyikhipha. Le nqubo yenzeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu futhi isiza ekuthuthukiseni isakhiwo esincane sezinto, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ukuqina kwayo kanye nokufana kwayo.
Inqubo yokuqeda eshisayo ifaneleka kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwamapayipi amakhulu nodonga olujiyile, avame ukusetshenziswa kumapayipi okuthutha ngobuningi kanye nezicelo zesakhiwo, futhi afaneleka ekukhiqizweni komthamo omkhulu ngenxa yezindleko zawo eziphansi.
Kudonswa kubandaAmashubhu ensimbi angenamthungo acutshungulwa ngokwelula ngemva kokuba izinto sezipholile ngokuphelele ukuze kufezwe usayizi nesimo esiqondile esidingekayo. Le ndlela ithuthukisa kakhulu ukunemba kobukhulu kanye nokuqedwa kobuso bomkhiqizo, kuyilapho umphumela wokuqina komsebenzi obandayo uphinde uthuthukise izakhiwo zemishini zeshubhu, njengokuqina nokumelana nokuguguleka.
Inqubo yokudweba ebandayo ifaneleka kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwamapayipi anobubanzi obuncane kanye nobukhulu bodonga obuncane lapho kudingeka khona ukunemba okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni ezifana nezinhlelo ze-hydraulic, izingxenye zezimoto, kanye nemishini yokucindezela okuphezulu ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezithile zokusebenza okuphezulu, yize kunezindleko eziphakeme.
Yenza kube ngokwejwayelekile ngokushisa kufike ezingeni lokushisa elifanayo okungenani elingaphansi kuka-1550 °F [845 °C] bese uphola emoyeni noma ekamelweni lokupholisa lesithando esilawulwa umoya.
Uma kudingeka ukuhlungwa, kuzodingeka kuxoxiswane ngakho.
Kuma-grade angenhla amashubhu ensimbi angenamthungo kuphela:
Fudumeza futhi ulawule ukusebenza okushisayo kanye nokushisa komsebenzi wokuqeda ukushisa kuze kufike ezingeni lokushisa lokuqeda kusukela ku-1550 - 1750 °F [845 - 955℃] bese upholisa esithandweni somoya esilawulwayo kusukela ekushiseni kokuqala okungenani okungu-1550 °F [845 °C].
Ikhemistri yebanga loku-1 yenzelwe ukulinganisela amandla, ubulukhuni, kanye nokuqina kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi ukuze kusetshenziswe ezindaweni ezisezingeni lokushisa eliphansi.
| Ibanga | C(Ikhabhoni) | Mn(I-Manganese) | P(I-phosphorus) | S(Isibabule) |
| Ibanga 1 | ubuningi obungu-0.30% | 0.40-1.06 % | ubuningi obungu-0.025% | ubuningi obungu-0.025% |
| Ngokunciphisa ngakunye kwe-carbon engu-0.01% ngaphansi kuka-0.30%, ukwanda kwe-manganese engu-0.05% ngaphezu kuka-1.06% kuzovunyelwa kufike ku-1.35% manganese. | ||||
Ikhabhoni iyisici esiyinhloko esikhuphula amandla nokuqina kwensimbi, kodwa ekusetshenzisweni kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni kunganciphisa ukuqina kwezinto.
Ibanga 1, elinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni okungu-0.30%, lihlukaniswa njengensimbi enekhabhoni ephansi futhi lilawulwa ezingeni eliphansi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina kwalo ekushiseni okuphansi.
Amanani okuphakama okuncane okubaliwe kokwehla ngakunye okungu-1/32 in.[0.80 mm] kobukhulu bodonga.
Kuyenziwa ukuhlolwa komthelela kumapayipi ensimbi eBanga loku-1ku--45°C [-50°F], eklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kanye nokumelana nokushayisana kwezinto ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngokukhetha amandla okushayisana afanele ngokusekelwe ekujikeni kodonga lwepayipi lensimbi.
Amasampula omthelela webha egobekile kufanele abe ngowomsebe olula, uhlobo lwe-Charpy, ngokuhambisana ne-Test Methods E23. Uhlobo A, olune-V notch.
Izindlela ezimbili ezivamile zokulinganisa ubulukhuni yizivivinyo zokuqina zeRockwell neBrinell.
| Ibanga | Rockwell | UBrinell |
| I-ASTM A334 Ibanga 1 | B 85 | 163 |
Ipayipi ngalinye kufanele lihlolwe ngogesi noma ngamanzi ngokungenakonakala ngokuhambisana ne-STM A1016/A1016M. Ngaphandle kokuthi kuchazwe ngenye indlela ku-oda lokuthenga, uhlobo lokuhlolwa oluzosetshenziswa luzokhethwa ngumenzi.
Ngaphezu kwezimpawu ezichazwe ku-Specification A1016/A1016M, izimpawu kufanele zihlanganise okuqediwe okushisayo, okudonswe kubanda, okungenamthungo, noma okuhlanganisiwe, kanye nezinhlamvu "LT" ezilandelwa izinga lokushisa lapho kwenziwa khona ukuhlolwa komthelela.
Uma ipayipi lensimbi eliqediwe linganele ukuthola isampula encane yokushaya, uphawu akufanele lufake izinhlamvu LT kanye nokushisa kokuhlolwa okubonisiwe.
Isetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezicelo zezimboni ezidinga ukusebenza okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa.
Ukuthuthwa koketshezi oluyi-cryogenic: Ipayipi lensimbi lebanga loku-1 lisetshenziswa kabanzi ukuthutha uketshezi oluyi-cryogenic njengegesi yemvelo encibilikisiwe (i-LNG), igesi kaphethiloli encibilikisiwe (i-LPG), kanye namanye amakhemikhali ancibilikisiwe. Lawa manzi avame ukudinga ukuthuthwa ngokuphephile emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwesimo sezulu, kanti ipayipi lensimbi lebanga loku-1 ligcina izakhiwo zalo zomzimba kanye nokuqina kwesakhiwo kulawa mazinga okushisa aphansi.
Izinhlelo nemishini yokuqandisa: Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa amapayipi okulethwa kwe-coolant kulezi zinhlelo.
Izishintshi zokushisa kanye nezikhulisi zokushisa: Ama-heat exchanger nama-condenser ayizingxenye ezibalulekile emkhakheni wezimboni kanye namandla, ngokuvamile asebenzisa amapayipi ensimbi ebanga loku-1 njengezinto zokwakha. Lawa madivayisi adinga izinto ezigcina amandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala emazingeni okushisa aphansi ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokusebenza kahle kwesikhathi eside.
Izindawo zokugcina izinto ezibandayo kanye nezindawo zokuqandisa: Ezindaweni zokugcina izinto ezibandayo nakwezinye izindawo zokuqandisa, izinhlelo zamapayipi kumele zivumelane namazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu. Ipayipi lensimbi lebanga loku-1 lingasetshenziswa ukwakha izinhlelo zamapayipi kulezi zindawo ngenxa yekhono lalo lokuqhubeka nokusebenza ezindaweni ezibandayo ngaphandle kokwehluleka.
1. EN 10216-4: P215NL, P255QL;
2. DIN 17173:TTSt35N;
3. I-JIS G3460:STPL 380;
4. GB/T 18984: 09Mn2V.
Lezi zindinganiso namabanga aklanyelwe ukuba nezakhiwo ezifanayo noma ezilinganayo ne-ASTM A334 Grade 1, kucatshangelwa izakhiwo zokushisa okuphansi kanye nezinye izindlela zokusebenza ezifanele.
Kusukela yasungulwa ngo-2014, iBotop Steel isibe ngumhlinzeki ohamba phambili wamapayipi ensimbi yekhabhoni eNyakatho yeShayina, eyaziwa ngenkonzo enhle kakhulu, imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nezixazululo eziphelele. Le nkampani inikeza amapayipi ensimbi yekhabhoni ahlukahlukene kanye nemikhiqizo ehlobene nawo, kufaka phakathi ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo, i-ERW, i-LSAW, kanye ne-SSAW, kanye nohlu oluphelele lwezihlanganisi zamapayipi nama-flange.
Imikhiqizo yayo ekhethekile ihlanganisa nezinsimbi ezixubile zezinga eliphezulu kanye nezinsimbi ezingagqwali ezenziwe nge-austenitic, ezenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene epayipi.
