I-ASTM A312 (I-ASME SA312) indinganiso esetshenziswa kabanzi yamapayipi ensimbi engagqwali, emboza izinhlobo zamapayipi angenamthungo, ahlanganisiwe, futhi asebenza kakhulu ebanda. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zesevisi ezishisa kakhulu nezijwayelekile zokugqwala. Indinganiso ifaka amazinga amaningi ensimbi engagqwali ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukene zohlelo lokusebenza, ngamamaki ajwayelekile anjengeI-TP304 (S30400), I-TP316 (S31600), I-TP304L (S30403), futhiI-TP316L (S31603).
Njengomhlinzeki wamapayipi ensimbi engagqwali ochwepheshe futhi onokwethenjelwa eShayina,Insimbi yeBotopuzibophezele ekuhlinzekeni ngemikhiqizo yamapayipi ensimbi engagqwali esezingeni eliphezulu enamanani ancintisanayo kanye nokulethwa okusheshayo kwamaphrojekthi akho. Xhumana nathi ukuze uthole ukwesekwa okuzinikele eqenjini lethu elinolwazi.
Izinto ezihlinzekwe ngaphansi kwe-ASTM A312 kufanele zihambisane nezidingo ezifanele zohlelo lwamanje lwe-I-ASTM A999ngaphandle uma kunikezwe ngenye indlela lapha.
Izidingo ezifana nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zemishini, ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic, ukuhlolwa okungabhubhisi, kanye nokubekezelelana kobukhulu konke kufanele kuhambisane nezinhlinzeko ezifanele ze-A999.
Zonke izinhlobo ze-ASTM A312 ziyizinsimbi ezingagqwali, ngakho-ke ukwakheka kwazo kwamakhemikhali kuqukethe inani eliphakeme kakhulu le-chromium (Cr) kanye ne-nickel (Ni) ukuqinisekisa ukumelana nokugqwala, amandla okushisa aphezulu, kanye nokuqina okuphelele ezimweni ezahlukahlukene zesevisi.
| Ibanga | Ukwakheka, % | |||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni | Mo | |
| I-TP304 | Umkhawulo ongu-0.08 | Ubuningi obungu-2.00 | Umkhawulo ongu-0.045 | Umkhawulo ongu-0.030 | Umkhawulo ongu-1.00 | 18.00 ~ 20.00 | 8.0 ~ 11.0 | — |
| I-TP304L | Umkhawulo ongu-0.035 | Ubuningi obungu-2.00 | Umkhawulo ongu-0.045 | Umkhawulo ongu-0.030 | Umkhawulo ongu-1.00 | 18.00 ~ 20.00 | 8.0 ~ 13.0 | — |
| I-TP316 | Umkhawulo ongu-0.08 | Ubuningi obungu-2.00 | Umkhawulo ongu-0.045 | Umkhawulo ongu-0.030 | Umkhawulo ongu-1.00 | 16.00 ~ 18.00 | 11.0 ~ 14.0 | 2.0 ~ 3.0 |
| TP316L | Umkhawulo ongu-0.035 | Ubuningi obungu-2.00 | Umkhawulo ongu-0.045 | Umkhawulo ongu-0.030 | Umkhawulo ongu-1.00 | 16.00 ~ 18.00 | 11.0 ~ 14.0 | 2.0 ~ 3.0 |
Kumapayipi e-TP316 ahlanganisiwe, ububanzi be-nickel (Ni) kufanele bube ngu-10.0 kuya ku-14.0%.
| Izakhiwo Zemishini | TP304 / TP316 | TP304L / TP316L | |
| Izidingo Zokunamathela | Amandla Okudonsa | 75 ksi [515 MPa] min | 70 ksi [485 MPa] min |
| Amandla Okukhiqiza | 30 ksi [205 MPa] min | 25 ksi [170 MPa] min | |
| Ukwelulwa ngamasentimitha ama-2 noma ama-50 mm | I-Longitudinal: 35% min I-Transverse: 25% min | ||
| Ukuhlolwa Kokuthamba | Ukuhlolwa kokuthamba kufanele kwenziwe ku-5% wamapayipi avela endaweni ngayinye ephathwa ngokushisa. | ||
| Ukuhlolwa Kokubola Kokushiswa | Isilinganiso sokulahlekelwa kwensimbi ehlanganisiwe nesisekelo sensimbi kufanele sibe ngu-0.90 kuya ku-1.1. (Ukuhlolwa akudingeki ngaphandle kokuthi kuchazwe ku-oda lokuthenga) | ||
Uma inqubo yokuhlola umthelela we-isevisi yokushisa okuphansiUma i-15 ft-lbf (20 J) imuncwa amandla noma i-15 mils [0.38 mm] expansion lateral, amamaki e-TP304 kanye ne-TP304L ayamukelwa yi-ASME Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1, kanye ne-Chemical Plant and Refinery Piping Code, ANSI B31.3, ukuze isetshenziswe emazingeni okushisa aphansi njengo--425°F [-250°C] ngaphandle kokufaneleka ngokuhlolwa komthelela.
Amanye amazinga ensimbi engagqwali ye-AISI avame ukwamukelwa emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka--325°F [-200°C] ngaphandle kokuhlolwa komthelela.
Inqubo Yomkhiqizi
Amapayipi e-ASTM A312 TP304, TP316, TP304L, kanye ne-TP316L angakhiqizwa ngezindlela ezintathu:ngaphandle komthungo(I-SML), inqubo yokushisela okuzenzakalelayo (i-WLD), futhiukusebenza okubandayo kakhulu (HCW), futhi ingaqedwa ngokushisa noma ngokubandayo njengoba kudingeka.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokushisela, akukho nsimbi yokugcwalisa ezongezwa ngesikhathi sokushisela.
Ipayipi elihlanganisiwe kanye nepayipi le-HCW le-NPS 14 nelincane lizoba ne-weld eyodwa ende. Ipayipi elihlanganisiwe kanye nepayipi le-HCW elikhulu kune-NPS 14 lizoba ne-weld eyodwa ende noma lizokhiqizwa ngokwakha nokushisela izingxenye ezimbili ezinde zesitoko esisicaba uma kuvunyelwe ngumthengi. Zonke izivivinyo zokushisela, ukuhlolwa, ukuhlolwa, noma ukwelashwa kuzokwenziwa kumthungo ngamunye wokushisela.
Ukwelashwa Kokushisa
Wonke amapayipi ensimbi e-ASTM A312 kufanele afakwe ukwelashwa kokushisa.
Inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa ye-TP304, TP316, TP304L, kanye ne-TP316L kufanele ifake ukushisa ipayipi okungenani libe ngu-1900°F (1040°C) kanye nokucima emanzini noma ukupholisa ngokushesha ngezinye izindlela.
Izinga lokupholisa kumele lanele ukuvimbela ukuphindaphinda kwe-carbide futhi lingaqinisekiswa ngekhono lokudlula i-ASTM A262, Practice E.
Kumapayipi angenamthungo e-A312, ngokushesha ngemva kokwakheka okushisayo, kuyilapho izinga lokushisa lepayipi lingaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi elibekiwe lokwelashwa kwesisombululo, ipayipi ngalinye kufanele licinywe ngamanzi noma lipholiswe ngokushesha ngezinye izindlela.
Ipayipi ngalinye kufanele lihlolwe ngogesi ngendlela engabhubhisi noma ngokuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic. Uhlobo lokuhlolwa oluzosetshenziswa luzokhethwa umenzi, ngaphandle uma kuchazwe ngenye indlela ku-oda lokuthenga.
Izindlela zokuhlola kumele zenziwe ngokuhambisana nezidingo ezifanele ze-ASTM A999.
Uma kufakwa amapayipi anezihlanganisi ezilingana noma ezinkulu kune-NPS 10, kungasetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwesistimu esikhundleni sokuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic. Uma ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic kungenziwa, ukumaka kumele kufake phakathi "NH".
Amapayipi aqediwe kufanele aqonde kahle futhi abe nokuphela okufana nokwenziwe ngumuntu.
Ipayipi kufanele lingabi nasikali futhi lingcolise izinhlayiya zensimbi zangaphandle. Ukucola, ukuqhumisa, noma ukuqeda ubuso akuphoqelekile uma ipayipi lifakwe i-anneal ekhanyayo. Umthengi uvunyelwe ukufuna ukuthi kusetshenziswe ukwelashwa kokudlulisa umoya epayipini eliqediwe.
Ukususwa kwamaphutha ngokugaya kuvunyelwe, uma nje ubukhulu bodonga bungancishiswanga bube ngaphansi kwalokho okuvunyelwe eSigabeni 9 se-ASTM A999.
| Umklami we-NPS | Ukubekezelelana, ifomu elingu-% | |
| Kuphelile | Ngaphansi | |
| 1/8 kuya ku-2 1/2 kufaka phakathi, zonke izilinganiso ze-t/D | 20.0 | 12.5 |
| 3 kuya ku-18 kufaka phakathi i-t/D kufika ku-5% kufaka phakathi. | 22.5 | 12.5 |
| 3 kuya ku-18 kufaka phakathi i-t/D ＞ 5% | 15.0 | 12.5 |
| 20 nangaphezulu, kuhlanganiswe, zonke izilinganiso ze-t/D | 17.5 | 12.5 |
| 20 nangaphezulu, kuhlanganiswe kahle, t/D kufika ku-5% kufaka phakathi. | 22.5 | 12.5 |
| 20 nangaphezulu, okunezithungo, t/D ＞ 5% | 15.0 | 12.5 |
t = Ubukhulu Bodonga Obujwayelekile; D = Ububanzi Bokuhlela Ngaphandle.
I-Botop Steel inikeza izinketho eziningi zokupakisha zamaphrojekthi akho, kusukela ekupakisheni izikhwama ezilukiwe kanye nokupakisha izikhwama zepulasitiki kuya ekupakisheni izikhwama zokhuni, ukuqinisekisa ukuphathwa okuphephile, ukuvikelwa ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa, kanye nokuhambisana nezidingo zephrojekthi.
Izinto:Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali e-ASTM A312 kanye nezinto zokufakelwa;
Izinga:I-TP304, TP316, TP304L, kanye ne-TP316L
Usayizi:1/8" kuya ku-30", noma ngezifiso ngokwezidingo zakho;
Ubude:Ubude obungahleliwe noma ukusika ngokwe-oda;
Ukupakisha:Izikhwama ezilukiwe, izikhwama zepulasitiki, amakesi okhuni, njll.
Ukusekelwa:I-EXW, i-FOB, i-CIF, i-CFR;
I-MOQ:1 m;
Imigomo Yokukhokha:I-T/T noma i-L/C;
Intengo:Xhumana nathi ukuthola amanani akamuva.
