Ipayipi lensimbi le-ASTM A214 liyipayipi lensimbi yekhabhoni elishiselwe ukumelana nogesi elisetshenziswa kuma-heat exchanger, ama-condenser, kanye nemishini efanayo yokudlulisa ukushisa. Ngokuvamile lisetshenziswa kumapayipi ensimbi anobubanzi obungaphandle obungadluli ku-3in [76.2mm].
Osayizi bepayipi lensimbi abafaneleka ngokuvamile banjalohhayi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-3 [76.2mm].
Amanye amasayizi epayipi lensimbi le-ERW angafakwa, uma nje ipayipi elinjalo lihlangabezana nazo zonke ezinye izidingo zale ncazelo.
Izinto ezinikezwe ngaphansi kwale ncazelo kufanele zihambisane nezidingo ezisebenzayo zohlelo lwamanje lwe-Specification A450/A450M. ngaphandle uma kunikezwe ngenye indlela lapha.
Amapayipi kufanele enziwe nguukushisela okumelana nogesi (ERW).
Ngenxa yezindleko zayo zokukhiqiza eziphansi, ukunemba okuphezulu, amandla nokuqina okuhle kakhulu, kanye nokuguquguquka komklamo, ipayipi lensimbi le-ERW seliyinto ekhethwayo yezinhlelo eziningi zamapayipi ezimboni, ubunjiniyela bezakhiwo, kanye namaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene engqalasizinda.
Ngemva kokushisela, wonke amapayipi kufanele aphathwe ngokushisa ekushiseni okungu-1650°F [900°] noma ngaphezulu bese kulandelwa ukupholisa emoyeni noma ekamelweni lokupholisa lesithando somoya esilawulwayo.
Amapayipi adonswayo abandayo kufanele aphathwe ngokushisa ngemva kokudlula kokugcina kokudonsa okubandayo ekushiseni okungu-1200°F [650°C] noma ngaphezulu.
| C(Ikhabhoni) | Mn(I-Manganese) | P(I-phosphorus) | S(Isibabule) |
| ubuningi obungu-0.18% | 0.27-0.63 | ubuningi obungu-0.035% | ubuningi obungu-0.035% |
Akuvunyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngamanani ensimbi ye-alloy adinga ngqo ukwengezwa kwanoma yisiphi isici ngaphandle kwalezo ezibalwe ngenhla.
Izidingo zemishini azisebenzi kumapayipi anobubanzi bangaphakathi obungaphansi kuka-0.126 in [3.2 mm] noma ubukhulu obungaphansi kuka-0.015 in [0.4 mm].
Impahla Eqinile
Azikho izidingo ezithile zezakhiwo zokudonseka ku-ASTM A214.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-ASTM A214 isetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-heat exchanger nama-condenser. Ukwakheka nokusebenza kwala madivayisi akuvamisile ukubeka ingcindezi ephezulu kumapayipi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kugxilwa kakhulu ikhono lepayipi lokubekezelela ingcindezi, izakhiwo zalo zokudlulisa ukushisa, kanye nokumelana kwalo nokugqwala.
Ukuhlolwa Kokuthamba
Kumapayipi ahlanganisiwe, ubude besigaba sokuhlola esidingekayo bungaphansi kwamasentimitha angu-100 (4 in).
Ukuhlolwa kwenziwe ngezinyathelo ezimbili:
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuhlolwa kokuguquguquka, ubuso bangaphakathi noma bangaphandle bepayipi lensimbi, akumele kube khona imifantu noma ukuqhekeka kuze kube yilapho ibanga phakathi kwamapuleti lingaphansi kwenani lika-H elibalwe ngokwefomula elandelayo.
H=(1+e)t/(e+t/D)
H= ibanga phakathi kwamapuleti athambile, ngo. [mm],
t= ubukhulu bodonga obucacisiwe bepayipi, ngo.[mm],
D= ububanzi obungaphandle obucacisiwe bepayipi, ngo. [mm],
e= 0.09 (ukuguquguquka ngobude beyunithi)(0.09 yensimbi enekhabhoni ephansi (ikhabhoni ecacisiwe ephezulu ingu-0.18% noma ngaphansi)).
Isinyathelo sesibili ukuhlolwa kobuqotho, okuzoqhubeka nokusikwa kuze kube yilapho isampula iphuka noma izindonga zamapayipi zihlangana. Kuyo yonke ivivinyo lokusikwa, uma kutholakala izinto ezifakwe i-laminate noma ezingasebenzi kahle, noma uma ukushintshwa kungaphelele, kuzokwenqatshwa.
Ukuhlolwa kweFlange
Ingxenye yepayipi kumele ikwazi ukujikijelwa endaweni ekhoneni elifanele emzimbeni wepayipi ngaphandle kokuqhekeka noma ukungapheleli okunganqatshwa ngaphansi kwemibandela yencazelo yomkhiqizo.
Ububanzi be-flange yezinsimbi ze-carbon ne-alloy akufanele bube ngaphansi kwamaphesenti.
| Ububanzi Bangaphandle | Ububanzi beFlange |
| Kufika ku-2½ in [63.5mm], kufaka phakathi | 15% we-OD |
| Ngaphezu kuka-2½ kuya ku-3¾ [63.5 kuya ku-95.2], kufaka phakathi | 12.5% we-OD |
| Ngaphezu kuka-3¾ kuya ku-8 [95.2 kuya ku-203.2], kufaka phakathi | 15% we-OD |
Ukuhlolwa Kokugoba Okuphambene
Ipayipi elihlanganisiwe eliqediwe elingamasentimitha ayi-100 ubude ngobukhulu obufinyelela ku-½ in. [12.7 mm] ububanzi bangaphandle kufanele lihlukaniswe ngobude obungama-90° ohlangothini ngalunye lwe-weld bese isampula ivulwa futhi ibekwe phansi nge-weld endaweni yokugoba okuphezulu.
Akufanele kube khona ubufakazi bokuthi imifantu ayingeni noma ukugqagqana okubangelwa ukususwa kwe-flash ku-weld.
Ukuhlolwa Kokuqina
Ubulukhuni bepayipi akumele budlule72 HRBW.
Kumapayipi angu-0.200 in [5.1 mm] nangaphezulu ngobukhulu bodonga, kufanele kusetshenziswe ukuhlolwa kokuqina kweBrinell noma kweRockwell.
Ukuhlolwa kukagesi okubangelwa amanzi noma okungabhubhisi kwenziwa epayipini ngalinye lensimbi.
Ukuhlolwa Kwamanzi
Iinani eliphezulu lokucindezelakufanele igcinwe okungenani imizuzwana emi-5 ngaphandle kokuvuza.
Ingcindezi encane yokuhlola ye-hydrostatic ihlobene nobubanzi bangaphandle kanye nobukhulu bodonga lwepayipi. Ingabalwa ngefomula.
Amayunithi e-Inch-Pound: P = 32000 t/DorAmayunithi e-SI: P = 220.6 t/D
P= ingcindezi yokuhlola ye-hydrostatic, i-psi noma i-MPa,
t= ubukhulu bodonga obucacisiwe, ngo. noma mm,
D= ububanzi obungaphandle obucacisiwe, ngaphakathi noma mm.
Ingcindezi enkulu yokuhlola, ukuhambisana nezimfuneko ezingezansi.
| Ububanzi Bangaphandle Bethubhu | Ukucindezela Kokuhlolwa Okungamanzi, i-psi [MPa] | |
| OD <1 in | I-OD <25.4 mm | 1000 [7] |
| 1≤ OD ＜1½ in | 25.4≤ OD ＜38.1 mm | 1500 [10] |
| 1½≤ OD ＜2 in | 38.≤ OD ＜50.8 mm | 2000 [14] |
| 2≤ OD <3 in | 50.8≤ OD ＜76.2 mm | 2500 [17] |
| 3≤ OD ＜5 in | 76.2≤ OD ＜127 mm | 3500 [24] |
| OD ≥5 in | I-OD ≥127 mm | 4500 [31] |
Ukuhlolwa Kukagesi Okungabhubhisi
Ithubhu ngalinye kufanele lihlolwe ngezindlela zokuhlola ezingonakalisi ngokuhambisana ne-Special E213, i-Special E309 (izinto ze-ferromagnetic), i-Special E426 (izinto ezingezona i-magnetic), noma i-Special E570.
Idatha elandelayo ithathwe ku-ASTM A450 futhi ihlangabezana nezidingo ezifanele zamapayipi ensimbi ahlanganisiwe kuphela.
Ukuphambuka Kwesisindo
0 - +10%, akukho ukuphambuka okuya phansi.
Isisindo sepayipi lensimbi singabalwa ngefomula.
W = C(Dt)t
W= isisindo, Ib/ft [kg/m],
C= 10.69 ngamayunithi e-Inch [0.0246615 ngamayunithi e-SI],
D= ububanzi obungaphandle obucacisiwe, ngo. [mm],
t= ubukhulu bodonga obuncane obucacisiwe, ngo. [mm].
Ukuphambuka Kokujiya Kodonga
0 - +18%.
Ukwehluka kobukhulu bodonga lwanoma iyiphi ingxenye eyodwa yepayipi lensimbi engu-0.220 in [5.6 mm] nangaphezulu akumele kudlule u-±5% wobukhulu bodonga obumaphakathi baleyo ngxenye.
Ubukhulu bodonga obujwayelekile buyisilinganiso sobukhulu bodonga obukhulu nobuncane kakhulu esigabeni.
Ukuphambuka Kobubanzi Bangaphandle
| Ububanzi Bangaphandle | Izinguquko Ezivumelekile | ||
| in | mm | in | mm |
| I-OD ≤1 | I-OD ≤ 25.4 | ±0.004 | ±0.1 |
| 1＜ OD ≤1½ | 25.4＜ OD ≤38.4 | ±0.006 | ±0.15 |
| 1½＜ OD ＜2 | 38.1＜ OD ＜50.8 | ±0.008 | ±0.2 |
| 2≤ OD ＜2½ | 50.8≤ OD ＜63.5 | ±0.010 | ±0.25 |
| 2½≤ OD ＜3 | 63.5≤ OD ＜76.2 | ±0.012 | ±0.30 |
| 3≤ OD ≤4 | 76.2≤ OD ≤101.6 | ±0.015 | ±0.38 |
| 4＜ OD ≤7½ | 101.6＜ OD ≤190.5 | -0.025 - +0.015 | -0.64 - +0.038 |
| 7½＜ OD ≤9 | 190.5＜ OD ≤228.6 | -0.045 - +0.015 | -1.14 - +0.038 |
Ama-lubes aqediwe akufanele abe nesilinganiso. Inani elincane le-oxidation akufanele libhekwe njengesikali.
Ithubhu ngalinye kufanele libhalwe ngokucacile nge-igama noma uhlobo lomkhiqizi, inombolo yencazelo, kanye ne-ERW.
Igama noma uphawu lomenzi lungabekwa unomphela epayipini ngalinye ngokuligoqa noma ngokulinyathela kancane ngaphambi kokuba libuyele esimweni salo esijwayelekile.
Uma kufakwa isitembu esisodwa epayipini ngesandla, lolu phawu akufanele lube ngaphansi kwamasentimitha angu-200 ukusuka komunye umkhawulo wepayipi.
Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokucindezeleka: Ikhono lokubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokucindezela kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokushintshanisa ukushisa.
Ukuqhuba kahle kokushisa: Izinto zokwakha kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza yale tube yensimbi kuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kokushisa okuhle kakhulu kwezicelo ezidinga ukushintshaniswa kokushisa okusebenzayo.
Ukushibilika: Enye inzuzo ukuthi zingaxhunywa kahle ngokushisela, okwenza ukufakwa nokugcinwa kube lula.
Isetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-heat exchanger, ama-condenser, kanye nemishini yokudlulisa ukushisa efanayo.
1. Izishintshi zokushisa: Ezinqubweni ezahlukene zezimboni, ama-heat exchanger asetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amandla okushisa kusuka kolunye uketshezi (uketshezi noma igesi) kuya kolunye ngaphandle kokuwavumela ukuthi athintane ngqo. Amashubhu ensimbi e-ASTM A214 asetshenziswa kabanzi kulolu hlobo lwemishini ngoba angamelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nezingcindezi ezingase zenzeke kule nqubo.
2. Ama-Condenser: Ama-Condenser asetshenziswa kakhulu ekususeni ukushisa ezinqubweni zokupholisa, isib. ezinhlelweni zokuqandisa kanye nezokupholisa umoya, noma ekuguquleni umusi ube ngamanzi eziteshini zikagesi. Asetshenziswa kulezi zinhlelo ngenxa yokuqhuba kwawo ukushisa okuhle kanye namandla omshini.
3. Imishini yokushintshanisa ukushisaLolu hlobo lweshubhu lensimbi lusetshenziswa nakwezinye izinto zokushintshanisa ukushisa ezifana nezishintshisana nokushisa kanye nezishintshisana, njengezifudumezi kanye nezipholile.
I-ASTM A179: iyi-heat exchanger yensimbi ethambile edonswa ngokubandayo kanye nepayipi le-condenser elingenamthungo. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezifanayo, njengezishintshi zokushisa kanye nezishintshi zokushisa. Nakuba i-A179 ingenamthungo, inikeza izakhiwo ezifanayo zokushintshanisa ukushisa.
I-ASTM A178: Imboza amashubhu ebhoyila e-carbon ashiselwe ngokumelana kanye ne-carbon-manganese steel. Lawa mashubhu asetshenziswa kuma-boilers kanye nama-superheater, futhi angasetshenziswa nasezinhlelweni zokushintshanisa ukushisa ezinezidingo ezifanayo, ikakhulukazi lapho kudingeka khona amalungu ashiselwe.
I-ASTM A192: ihlanganisa amashubhu ebhoyila ensimbi yekhabhoni angenamthungo ukuze kuhlinzekwe ngengcindezi ephezulu. Nakuba la mashubhu ehloselwe ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinomfutho ophezulu kanye nezinokushisa okuphezulu, izinto zawo kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ziwenza afaneleke ukusetshenziswa kwezinye imishini yokudlulisa ukushisa edinga ukumelana nengcindezi ephezulu kanye nokushisa.
Singumkhiqizi kanye nomhlinzeki wamapayipi ensimbi yekhabhoni ashiselwe ngekhwalithi ephezulu avela eShayina, futhi siphinde sibe ngumthengisi wamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo, sikunikeza izixazululo eziningi zamapayipi ensimbi!
Uma unemibuzo noma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngezinsizakalo zethu, ungangabazi ukuxhumana nathi. Izixazululo zakho ezinhle zamapayipi ensimbi zitholakala nje!
