Phakathi "kwezithuthi" ezifunekayo ukuhambisa into ethile, enye yezona zixhaphakileyo yimibhobho. Lo mbhobho ubonelela ngothutho olungabizi kakhulu noluqhubekayo lweegesi kunye nolwelo. Namhlanje, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zemibhobho. Uyilo lwahlukile ngobukhulu, ububanzi, uxinzelelo, kunye nobushushu bokusebenza.
Iipayipi eziphambili, zenethiwekhi yothungelwano, zeteknoloji, zenqanawa (zoomatshini) zahlukile ngobukhulu. Makhe sijonge ngakumbi injongo kunye neendidi zeepayipi eziphambili kunye nezeteknoloji.
IsiquimibhobhoIdinga kunye nodidi
Iipayipi zemithwalo zizinto ezintsonkothileyo zobugcisa, eziquka i-fila yepayipi yeekhilomitha ezininzi, izitishi zokumpompa igesi okanye ioyile, iindlela zokunqumla imilambo okanye iindlela. Iipayipi zemithwalo zithutha iimveliso zeoyile kunye nepetroliyam, igesi ye-hydrocarbon enyibilikisiweyo, igesi yepetroliyam, igesi yokuqalisa, njl.
Zonke iipayipi eziphambili zenziwa kuphela ngetekhnoloji yokuwelda. Oko kukuthi, phezu komphezulu wayo nayiphi na ipayipi ephambili ungabona umthungo ojikelezayo okanye othe tye. Njengezinto zokwenza iipayipi ezinjalo, intsimbi iyasetyenziswa, njengoko iyinto engabizi kakhulu, ehlala ixesha elide, ephekiweyo kakuhle nethembekileyo. Ukongeza, inokuba yintsimbi "yakudala" yokwakha eneempawu zoomatshini ezikhethiweyo, intsimbi enekhabhoni ephantsi okanye i-carbonic ukuze ibe semgangathweni oqhelekileyo.
Uhlu lweepayipi eziphambili
Ngokuxhomekeke kuxinzelelo olusebenzayo kwipayipi, imibhobho ephambili yegesi yahlulwe yaba ziiklasi ezimbini:
I - kwiingcinezelo zokusebenza ezingaphezulu kwe-2.5 ukuya kwi-10.0 MPA (ngaphezulu kwe-25 ukuya kwi-100 kgs/cm2) zibandakanyiwe;
II - xa uxinzelelo olusebenzayo lungaphezulu kwe-1.2 ukuya kwi-2.5 MP (ngaphezulu kwe-12 ukuya kwi-25 kgs/cm2) lubandakanyiwe.
Ngokuxhomekeke kububanzi bombhobho, iiklasi ezine zabelwe, mm:
I - enobubanzi obuqhelekileyo obungaphezulu kwe-1000 ukuya kwi-1200 bufakiwe;
II - efanayo, ngaphezulu kwama-500 ukuya kwi-1000 kuqukiwe;
III iyafana.
IV - 300 okanye ngaphantsi.
Imibhobho yetekhnoloji. Ukuqeshwa kunye nodidi
Iipayipi zobuchwepheshe zizixhobo zokubonelela ngepetroli, amanzi, izinto zokwenza izinto, iimveliso ezigqityiweyo kunye neemveliso ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa kwimveliso kwisityalo semizi-mveliso. Ezi payipi zithutha izinto zokwenza izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nenkunkuma eyahlukeneyo.
Ukwahlulwahlulwa kwemibhobho yetekhnoloji kwenzeka kwiimpawu ezinje:
Indawo:phakathi kweenjongo ezahlukeneyo, ngaphakathi kwesebe.
Indlela yokubeka:ngaphezulu komhlaba, emhlabeni, phantsi komhlaba.
Uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi:ayinaxinzelelo (i-self-ute), i-vacuum, uxinzelelo oluphantsi, uxinzelelo oluphakathi, uxinzelelo oluphezulu.
Ubushushu bento ethwalwayo:i-cryogenic, ibanda, iqhelekile, ishushu, ishushu kakhulu.
Ubukhali bento ethwalwayo:engenabundlobongela, engenamandla-nobundlobongela (encinci-nobundlobongela), enobundlobongela obuphakathi, enobundlobongela.
Izinto ezithuthwayo:imibhobho yomphunga,imibhobho yamanzi, imibhobho,imibhobho yegesi, imibhobho yeoksijini, imibhobho yeoyile, iingcingo ze-acetyleno, imibhobho yeoyile, imibhobho yegesi, imibhobho yeasidi, imibhobho ye-alkaline, imibhobho ye-ammonia, njl.
Izixhobo:intsimbi, intsimbi eneengubo zangaphakathi okanye zangaphandle, ezenziwe ngeentsimbi ezingezizo ezombane, ezenziwe ngentsimbi ephosiweyo, ezenziwe ngezinto ezingezizo ezombane.
Uqhagamshelo:akwahlukani, isinxibelelanisi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Septemba-01-2022