Izinto eziphambili zokuvavanya umgangatho kunye neendlela zokuvavanya umgangathoimibhobho engenamthungo:
1. Jonga ubungakanani kunye nokuma kombhobho wentsimbi
(1) Ukuhlolwa kobukhulu bodonga lombhobho wentsimbi: i-micrometer, i-ultrasonic thickness gauge, ubuncinane amanqaku asi-8 kuzo zombini iziphelo kunye nerekhodi.
(2) Ukuhlolwa kobubanzi bangaphandle bombhobho wentsimbi kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-ovality: ii-calliper gauges, ii-vernier calipers, kunye nee-ring gauges zokulinganisa amanqaku amakhulu namancinci.
(3) Ukuhlolwa kobude bombhobho wentsimbi: iteyiphu yentsimbi, ngesandla, umlinganiselo wobude ozenzekelayo.
(4) Ukuhlolwa komgangatho wokugoba kombhobho wentsimbi: irula, irula ekumgangatho (1m), igeyiji yokufefa, kunye nomgca obhityileyo wokulinganisa iqondo lokugoba ngemitha nganye kunye neqondo lokugoba elipheleleyo.
(5) Ukuhlolwa kwe-engile ye-bevel kunye nomphetho ocacileyo wobuso bombhobho wentsimbi: irula yesikwere, ipleyiti yokucinezela.
2. Ukuhlolwa komgangatho womphezulu weimibhobho engenamthungo
(1) Ukuhlolwa ngokubonakalayo ngesandla: phantsi kweemeko ezilungileyo zokukhanya, ngokwemigangatho, amava okumakisha okubhekisa, jika umbhobho wentsimbi ukuze ujonge ngononophelo. Imiphezulu yangaphakathi neyangaphandle yemibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo ayivumelekanga ukuba ibe nemingxunya, imigobo, amanxeba, ukuqengqeleka kunye nokwahlukana.
(2) Uvavanyo olungatshabalalisiyo uhlolo:
a. Ukufunyanwa kweziphene ze-Ultrasonic UT: Ibuthathaka kwiziphene zomphezulu kunye nezangaphakathi zezinto ezahlukeneyo ezinezixhobo ezifanayo.
b. Uvavanyo lwe-Eddy current ET (electromagnetic induction) luchaphazeleka kakhulu ziziphene ezikwimilo yenqaku (ezimile umngxuma).
c. Uvavanyo lweMagnetic Particle MT kunye neFlux Leakage: Uvavanyo lweMagnetic lufanelekile ekufumaneni iziphene zomphezulu kunye neziphene ezikufutshane nezinto ze-ferromagnetic.
d. Ukufunyanwa kweziphene ze-electromagnetic ultrasonic: Akukho mfuneko yesixhobo sokudibanisa, kwaye singasetyenziselwa ukufunyanwa kweziphene zomphezulu wepayipi yentsimbi enobushushu obuphezulu, enesantya esiphezulu, nerhabaxa.
e. Ukufunyanwa kweziphene ezingenelayo: ukukhanya, umbala, ukufunyanwa kweziphene zomphezulu wepayipi yentsimbi.
3. Uhlalutyo lokwakheka kweekhemikhali:uhlalutyo lweekhemikhali, uhlalutyo lwezixhobo (isixhobo se-infrared CS, i-spectrometer yokufunda ngqo, isixhobo se-NO, njl.njl.).
(1) Isixhobo se-Infrared CS: Hlalutya ii-ferroalloys, izinto zokwenza intsimbi, kunye nezinto ze-C kunye ne-S kwintsimbi.
(2) I-spectrometer yokufunda ngqo: C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr, Mo, Ni, Cn, Al, W, V, Ti, B, Nb, As, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi kwiisampulu ezininzi.
(3) Isixhobo se-N-0: uhlalutyo lomxholo wegesi N, O.
4. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kolawulo lwentsimbi
(1) Uvavanyo lokuxinana: linganisa uxinzelelo kunye nokuguquguquka, misela amandla (YS, TS) kunye ne-plasticity index (A, Z) yezinto. Icandelo lombhobho wesampulu ende nenqamlezileyo, imilo ye-arc, isampuli ejikelezayo (￠10, ￠12.5) ububanzi obuncinci, udonga olubhityileyo, ububanzi obukhulu, umgama wokulinganisa udonga oluqinileyo. Qaphela: Ukwandiswa kwesampulu emva kokuqhekeka kunxulumene nobukhulu besampulu ye-GB/T 1760
(2) Uvavanyo lwempembelelo: I-CVN, i-notch uhlobo lwe-C, uhlobo lwe-V, ixabiso le-J lomsebenzi J/cm2 isampuli esemgangathweni 10×10×55 (mm) isampuli engeyiyo esemgangathweni 5×10×55 (mm).
(3) Uvavanyo lokuqina: Ubunzima beBrinell HB, ubunzima beRockwell HRC, ubunzima beVickers HV, njl.
(4) Uvavanyo lweHydraulic: uxinzelelo lovavanyo, ixesha lokuzinzisa uxinzelelo, p=2Sδ/D.
5. Umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungoukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwenkqubo
(1) Uvavanyo lokuthamba: isampulu ejikelezayo isampulu enobume buka-C (S/D>0.15) H=(1+2)S/(∝+S/D) L=40～100mm, i-deformation coefficient ngobude beyunithi nganye=0.07～0.08
(2) Uvavanyo lokutsalwa kweringi: L=15mm, akukho mfantu ufanelekileyo
(3) Uvavanyo lokurhawuzelela nokugoba: i-taper esembindini yi-30°, 40°, 60°
(4) Uvavanyo lokugoba: Lungathabatha indawo yovavanyo lokuthamba (kwiipayipi ezinobukhulu obukhulu)
6. Uhlalutyo lweMetallographicumbhobho ongenamthungo
Uvavanyo lokukhulisa oluphezulu (uhlalutyo lwe-microscopic), uvavanyo lokukhulisa oluphantsi (uhlalutyo lwe-macroscopic) uvavanyo lomgca weenwele olumile okwetower ukuhlalutya ubungakanani bengqolowa yezinto ezingezizo zesinyithi, ukubonisa izicubu ezinoxinano oluphantsi kunye neziphene (ezifana nokungakhululeki, ukwahlulwahlulwa, amaqamza angaphantsi komhlaba, njl.njl.), kunye nokuhlola inani, ubude kunye nokusasazwa kwemigca yeenwele.
Ulwakhiwo oluncinci lokukhulisa (macro): Amabala amhlophe abonakalayo, izinto eziqukiweyo, amaqamza angaphantsi komhlaba, ukujika kwesikhumba kunye nokususa ulusu akuvumelekanga kwiziqwenga zovavanyo lokukhulisa i-acid ezinqamlezileyo zeepayipi zentsimbi ezingenamthungo.
Ulungelelwaniso olunamandla aphezulu (i-microscopic): Hlola nge-microscope ye-electron enamandla aphezulu. Uvavanyo lwe-Tower hairline: vavanya inani, ubude kunye nokusasazwa kwe-hairlines.
Ibhetshi nganye yemibhobho yentsimbi engena ngaphandle komngxuma engena kumzi-mveliso mayikhatshwe sisiqinisekiso somgangatho esiqinisekisa ukuthembeka komxholo webhetshi yemibhobho yentsimbi engena ngaphandle komngxuma.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Septemba-18-2023