Okubizwa ngokubaumbhobho wentsimbi ye-alloykukongeza ezinye izinto ze-alloy ngokusekelwe kwintsimbi yekhabhoni, ezifana ne-Si, Mn, W, V, Ti, Cr, Ni, Mo, njl., ezinokuphucula amandla, ukuqina, ukuqina, ukuwelda, njl.njl. kwentsimbi. Intsimbi ye-alloy inokwahlulwa ngokwemixholo yezinto ze-alloy, kwaye kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso kunye nobomi, intsimbi ye-alloy iya kusetyenziswa kumashishini athile, kwaye kuqhelekile ukwahlula ngokwenjongo.
Uhlu ngokwemixholo yezinto ezixutyiweyo
Intsimbi ye-alloy ephantsi: isixa sisonke se-alloy singaphantsi kwe-5%;
Intsimbi ye-alloy ephakathi: isixa sisonke se-alloy yi-5 ~ 10%;
Intsimbi ye-alloy ephezulu: isixa sisonke se-alloy singaphezulu kwe-10%.
Uhlu ngokwenjongo
Intsimbi yolwakhiwo lwe-alloy: intsimbi yolwakhiwo ye-alloy ephantsi (ekwaziwa ngokuba yintsimbi eqhelekileyo ye-alloy ephantsi); intsimbi ye-alloy carburizing, intsimbi ecinyiweyo neqinisiweyo, intsimbi yentwasahlobo ye-alloy; intsimbi ethwala ibhola
Intsimbi yesixhobo se-alloy: intsimbi yesixhobo sokusika i-alloy (kubandakanya intsimbi yesixhobo sokusika i-alloy ephantsi, intsimbi ekhawulezayo); intsimbi ye-alloy die (kubandakanya intsimbi ebandayo, intsimbi ye-die eshushu); intsimbi yezixhobo zokulinganisa
Intsimbi yokusebenza ekhethekileyo: intsimbi engatyiwayo, intsimbi engatshiyo, intsimbi engagugiyo, njl.
Inombolo yentsimbi ye-alloy
Intsimbi yesakhiwo enamandla aphezulu e-alloy ephantsi
Igama lophawu lwayo lihlelwe ngokulandelelana ngamacandelo amathathu: unobumba we-pinyin waseTshayina (Q) omele inqaku le-yield, ixabiso lomda we-yield, kunye nophawu lwenqanaba lomgangatho (A, B, C, D, E). Umzekelo, i-Q390A ithetha intsimbi yesakhiwo enamandla aphantsi eneentsimbi eziphezulu ezinamandla okuvelisa i-σs=390N/mm2 kunye nenqanaba lomgangatho A.
Intsimbi yesakhiwo se-alloy
Igama lophawu lwayo linamacandelo amathathu: "amanani amabini, iimpawu ezilishumi zezinto + amanani". Amanani amabini okuqala amele amaxesha ali-10,000 kuneqhezu eliphakathi lekhabhoni kwintsimbi, uphawu lwento lubonisa izinto ezidityanisiweyo ezikwintsimbi, kwaye amanani angasemva kwesimboli sento abonisa amaxesha ali-100 kuneqhezu eliphakathi lezinto ezidityanisiweyo. Xa iqhezu eliphakathi lezinto ezidityanisiweyo lingaphantsi kwe-1.5%, ngokubanzi zizinto kuphela eziboniswayo kodwa hayi ixabiso lenani; xa iqhezu eliphakathi lezinto ezidityanisiweyo liyi-≥1.5%, ≥2.5%, ≥3.5%, ..., 2 kunye no-3 ziphawulwe ngokuhambelanayo emva kwezinto ezidityanisiweyo, 4, . . . Umzekelo, i-40Cr ineqhezu eliphakathi lekhabhoni i-Wc = 0.4%, kunye neqhezu eliphakathi le-chromium mass fraction i-WCr <1.5%. Ukuba yintsimbi yomgangatho ophezulu, yongeza "A" ekupheleni kwenqanaba. Umzekelo, intsimbi ye-38CrMoAlA yeyentsimbi yesakhiwo se-alloy yomgangatho ophezulu.
Intsimbi eqengqelekayo ethwala imithwalo
Yongeza u-"G" (unobumba wokuqala we-pinyin yesiTshayina yegama elithi "roll") phambi kwegama lophawu, kwaye inani elingasemva kwayo libonisa amaxesha aliwaka kwinxalenye yobunzima be-chromium, kwaye inxenye yobunzima be-carbon ayiphawulwanga. Umzekelo, intsimbi ye-GCr15 yintsimbi eqengqelekayo enenxalenye yobunzima obuphakathi be-chromium WCr=1.5%. Ukuba intsimbi ethwele i-chromium ineelementi zokudibanisa ngaphandle kwe-chromium, indlela yokubonakalisa ezi elementi iyafana neyentsimbi yesakhiwo se-alloy eqhelekileyo. Iintsimbi ezithwala i-rolling zonke ziintsimbi ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kodwa u-"A" akongezwa emva kwenqanaba.
Isixhobo se-alloy sentsimbi
Umahluko phakathi kwendlela yokubala yale hlobo lwentsimbi kunye nentsimbi yesakhiwo se-alloy kukuba xa i-Wc <1%, idijithi enye isetyenziswa ukubonisa iqhekeza eliphindwe kaliwaka lekhabhoni; xa iqhekeza elinzima lekhabhoni liyi ≥1%, aliphawulwanga. Umzekelo, intsimbi ye-Cr12MoV ineqhekeza eliphakathi lekhabhoni eliyi Wc = 1.45% ~ 1.70%, ngoko ke aliphawulwanga; iqhekeza eliphakathi le-Cr yi-12%, kwaye iinxalenye zobunzima ze-Mo kunye ne-V zombini zingaphantsi kwe-1.5%. Omnye umzekelo yintsimbi ye-9SiCr, i-Wc yayo ephakathi = 0.9%, kwaye i-WCr ephakathi yi <1.5%. Nangona kunjalo, intsimbi yesixhobo esikhawulezayo yinto eyahlukileyo, kwaye iqhekeza layo eliphakathi lekhabhoni aliphawulwa nokuba lingakanani na. Ngenxa yokuba intsimbi yesixhobo se-alloy kunye nentsimbi yesixhobo esikhawulezayo ziyintsimbi yomgangatho ophezulu, akukho mfuneko yokuphawula "A" emva kwenqanaba layo.
Intsimbi engenasici kunye nentsimbi engatshisiyo
Inani eliphambi kolu hlobo lwentsimbi libonisa amaxesha aliwaka kuneqhezu lekhabhoni. Umzekelo, intsimbi ye-3Crl3 ithetha ukuba iqhezu eliphakathi le-Wc = 0.3%, kwaye iqhezu eliphakathi le-WCr = 13%. Xa iqhezu eliphakathi lekhabhoni i-Wc ≤ 0.03% kunye ne-Wc ≤ 0.08%, iboniswa ngo-"00" kunye no-"0" phambi kophawu, njengentsimbi ye-00Cr17Ni14Mo2,0Cr19Ni9, njl.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-13-2023