I-ASTM A335 P12 (ASME SA335 P12) ngumbhobho wentsimbi ye-alloy engenamthungo eyenzelwe inkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu.
Izinto eziphambili ze-P12 zokuxutywa yi-0.08–1.25% ye-chromium kunye ne-0.44–0.65% ye-molybdenum, ezithi ziyi-Cr-Mo alloy steel.
Le nto inika amandla aphezulu obushushu, ukumelana nobushushu, kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiibhoyila, ii-superheater, ii-heat exchangers, kunye neepayipi ze-pressure vessel.
Iipayipi ze-P12 zikwasetyenziswa rhoqo ekugobeni, ekutsaleni (ukufaka i-vanstoning), kunye nemisebenzi efanayo yokwenza, kunye nokuwelda nge-fusion.
Xa kusenziwa uvavanyo lokwakheka kweekhemikhali lwe-P12, kufuneka lwenziwe ngokuhambelana ne-ASTM A999. Iimfuneko zokwakheka kweekhemikhali zezi zilandelayo:
| Ibanga | Ulwakhiwo, % | ||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Mo | |
| P12 | 0.05 - 0.15 | 0.30 - 0.61 | Ubuninzi obuyi-0.025 | Ubuninzi obuyi-0.025 | Ubuninzi obuyi-0.50 | 0.08 - 1.25 | 0.44 - 0.65 |
I-Chromium iphucula kakhulu ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kwemibhobho yentsimbi kwaye iphucula uzinzo lwayo ngexesha lenkonzo yexesha elide yobushushu obuphezulu. I-Molybdenum yonyusa amandla obushushu obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokurhubuluza.
| Ibanga | I-ASTM A335 P12 | |
| Amandla okutsalwa, min, ksi [MPa] | 60 [415] | |
| Amandla okuvelisa, min, ksi [MPa] | 32 [220] | |
| Ukwandiswa kwe-2 in. okanye i-50 mm (okanye i-4D), min, % | I-Longitudinal | I-Transverse |
| Ukwandiswa okusisiseko kodonga oluyi-5/16 intshi [8 mm] nangaphezulu ngobukhulu, iimvavanyo ze-strip, kunye nazo zonke iisayizi ezincinci ezivavanyiweyo kwicandelo elipheleleyo | 30 | 20 |
| Xa kusetyenziswa isampuli eqhelekileyo yesangqa esiziisentimitha ezi-2 okanye ezingama-50 ubude begaji okanye isampuli yobukhulu obuncinci ngokulinganayo enobude begaji obulingana ne-4D (ububanzi obuphindwe kane) | 22 | 14 |
| Kwiimvavanyo ze-strip, kufuneka kuncitshiswe ukwehla ngakunye kwe-1/32 kwi-[0.8 mm] kobukhulu bodonga obungaphantsi kwe-5/16 in. [8 mm] ukusuka ekunyuseni okusisiseko kwamanqaku alandelayo epesenti. | 1.50 | 1.00 |
Umenzi kunye neMeko
Imibhobho yentsimbi ye-ASTM A335 P12 mayiyenziwe yiinkqubo engenamthungokwaye kufuneka igqitywe ngokushisa okanye itsalwe kubanda, njengoko kuchaziwe.
Unyango lobushushu
Yonke imibhobho ye-P12 mayiphinde ifudunyezwe ukuze kulungiswe ubushushu kwaye kulungiswe ubushushu ngokuhambelana neemfuno zetafile.
| Ibanga | Uhlobo lokunyanga ubushushu | Ubushushu bokuNciphisa okanye bokuTshisa obungaphantsi kobubalulekileyo |
| I-ASTM A335 P12 | i-anneal epheleleyo okanye engathathi hlangothi | — |
| ukwenza izinto zibe zesiqhelo kunye nobushushu | 1200 ℉ [650 ℃] | |
| i-anneal engaphantsi kwe-subcritical | 1200 ~ 1300 ℉ [650 ~ 705 ℃] |
Ubude bombhobho ngamnye onobubanzi bangaphandle obungaphezulu kwe-10 intshi [250 mm] kunye nobukhulu bodonga obungaphantsi okanye obulingana ne-0.75 intshi [19 mm] kufuneka buvavanywe nge-hydrostatic.
Okanye, uvavanyo olungonakalisiyo ngokwe-ASTM E213, E309, kunye ne-E570 lungasetyenziswa.
Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela yovavanyo ekhethiweyo, kufuneka iboniswe kuphawu lombhobho, kunye neemfuno zokumakisha ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
| i-ultrasonic | Ukuvuza kweFlux | Eddy Current | I-Hydrostatic | Ukumakisha |
| No | No | No | Ewe | Uxinzelelo lovavanyo |
| Ewe | No | No | No | UT |
| No | Ewe | No | No | FL |
| No | No | Ewe | No | EC |
| Ewe | Ewe | No | No | UT / FL |
| Ewe | No | Ewe | No | UT / EC |
| No | No | No | No | NH |
| Ewe | No | No | Ewe | UT / Uvavanyo loxinzelelo |
| No | Ewe | No | Ewe | FL / Uvavanyo loxinzelelo |
| No | No | Ewe | Ewe | Uxinzelelo lwe-EC / Uvavanyo |
Ukunyamezelana koMgangatho
Kwimibhobho e-odolwe kwi-NPS [DN] okanyeububanzi obungaphandle, utshintsho kububanzi bangaphandle aluyi kudlula olo luchazwe kwitheyibhile yokuvuthela.
| Umyili we-NPS [DN] | Iinguqu Ezivumelekileyo | |
| ngaphakathi. | mm | |
| I-intshi eyi-1/8 ukuya kwi-1 1/2 [6 ukuya kwi-40]. | ±1/64 [0.015] | ± 0.40 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-1 1/2 ukuya kwi-4 [40 ukuya kwi-100], intshi. | ±1/32 [0.031] | ± 0.79 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-4 ukuya kwi-8 [100 ukuya kwi-200], intshi. | -1/32 - +1/16 [-0.031 - +0.062] | -0.79 - +1.59 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-8 ukuya kwi-12 [200 ukuya kwi-300], intshi. | -1/32 - +3/32 [-0.031 - 0.093] | -0.79 - +2.38 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-12 [300] | ±1 % yobubanzi obungaphandle obuchaziweyo | |
Kwimibhobho e-odolwe ukubaububanzi bangaphakathi, ububanzi bangaphakathi abuyi kwahluka ngaphezu kwe-±1% ukusuka kububanzi bangaphakathi obuchaziweyo.
Ukunyamezelana koBungqingqwa bodonga
Ukongeza kumda ongacacanga wobukhulu bodonga lombhobho obubekwe ngumda wobunzima kwi-ASTM A999, ubukhulu bodonga lombhobho kwindawo ethile kufuneka bube ngaphakathi komlinganiselo okwitheyibhile yokuvuthela.
| Umyili we-NPS [DN] | Ukunyamezelana, ifomu % Ichaziwe |
| 1/8 ukuya ku-2 1/2 [6 ukuya ku-65] kubandakanya zonke iireyithi ze-t/D | -12.5 - +20.0 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-2 1/2 [65], t/D ≤ 5% | -12.5 - +22.5 |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-2 1/2, t/D ＞ 5% | -12.5 - +15.0 |
t = Ubukhulu Bodonga Oluchaziweyo; D = Ububanzi Bangaphandle Obuchaziweyo.
| I-ASME | I-ASTM | EN | GB | I-JIS |
| I-ASME SA335 P12 | I-ASTM A213 T12 | I-EN 10216-2 13CrMo4-5 | GB/T 5310 15CrMoG | I-JIS G 3462 STBA22 |
Izixhobo:imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo ye-ASTM A335 P12 kunye nezixhobo;
Ubungakanani:1/8" ukuya kuma-24", okanye wenze ngokwezifiso ngokweemfuno zakho;
Ubude:Ubude obungacwangciswanga okanye obunqunyiweyo ngokwe-odolo;
Ukupakisha:Umbala omnyama, iziphelo ezibengezelayo, izikhuseli zemibhobho, iikreyithi zomthi, njl.njl.
Inkxaso:Isatifikethi se-IBR, ukuhlolwa kwe-TPI, i-MTC, ukusika, ukucubungula, kunye nokwenza ngokwezifiso;
I-MOQ:1 m;
Immimiselo yokuhlawula:I-T/T okanye i-L/C;
Ixabiso:Nxibelelana nathi ukuze ufumane amaxabiso amva nje eepayipi zentsimbi ze-P12.
