I-ASTM A334Ibanga loku-1ngumbhobho wentsimbi yekhabhoni ongenamthungo nowenziwe ngentsimbi edibeneyo ukuze kusetyenziswe ubushushu obuphantsi.
Inomxholo ophezulu wekhabhoni oyi-0.30%, umxholo we-manganese oyi-0.40-1.60%, amandla okutsalwa aphantsi angama-380Mpa (55ksi), kunye namandla okuvelisa angama-205Mpa (30ksi).
Isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuthuthweni kolwelo kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphantsi, izixhobo zokukhenkcisa, kunye nezinye izinto zoshishino ezifuna ukumelana nefuthe lobushushu obuphantsi.
I-ASTM A334 ineemigangatho ezahlukeneyo zokujongana neendawo ezahlukeneyo zobushushu obuphantsi, ezizezi:Ibanga loku-1, iBanga lesi-3, iBanga lesi-6, iBanga lesi-7, iBanga lesi-8, iBanga lesi-9, kunye neBanga le-11.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zentsimbi, intsimbi yekhabhoni kunye nentsimbi ye-alloy.
Ibanga loku-1kwayeIbanga lesi-6zombini ziintsimbi zekhabhoni.
Zingaveliswa nguiinkqubo ezingenamthungo okanye ezidityanisiweyo.
Kwimveliso yeetyhubhu zentsimbi ezingenamthungo, kukho iinkqubo ezimbini zemveliso,Igqityiwe ngobushushu okanye itsalwe ngokubandayo.
Ukhetho luxhomekeke kakhulu ekusetyenzisweni kombhobho, ubungakanani bombhobho, kunye neemfuno ezithile zeempawu zezinto.
Apha ngezantsi kukho umzobo wenkqubo yokuvelisa engenamthungo egqityiweyo ngobushushu.
Iukugqiba okushushuInkqubo yombhobho engenamthungo ibandakanya ukufudumeza i-billet yentsimbi ukuya kubushushu obuphezulu uze emva koko wenze umbhobho ngokuwuqengqa okanye ukuwukhupha. Le nkqubo yenzeka kubushushu obuphezulu kwaye inceda ekuphuculeni ulwakhiwo lwe-microstructure yezinto, ngaloo ndlela yonyusa ukuqina kwayo iyonke kunye nokufana kwayo.
Inkqubo yokugqiba eshushu ifaneleke ngokukodwa ekuvelisweni kweetyhubhu ezinkulu nezinodonga olude, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiipayipi zokuthutha ngobuninzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezakhiwo, kwaye ifanelekile kwimveliso yomthamo omkhulu ngenxa yexabiso layo eliphantsi.
Itsalwa ngumoya obandayoIityhubhu zentsimbi ezingenamthungo zicutshungulwa ngokuzolula emva kokuba izinto zipholile ngokupheleleyo ukuze kufezekiswe ubungakanani obuchanekileyo kunye nemilo efunekayo. Le ndlela iphucula kakhulu ukuchaneka kobukhulu kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu wemveliso, ngelixa isiphumo sokuqina komsebenzi obandayo sikwaphucula iipropati zoomatshini zetyhubhu, ezinje ngamandla kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka.
Inkqubo yokuzoba ebandayo ifanelekile kakhulu ekwenziweni kweetyhubhu ezinobubanzi obuncinci kunye nobukhulu bodonga obuncinci apho kufuneka ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nomgangatho ophezulu womphezulu kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezifana neenkqubo ze-hydraulic, izinto zemoto, kunye nezixhobo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zokusebenza okuphezulu, nangona kubiza kakhulu.
Lungisa ubushushu ngokubufudumeza bufikelele kwiqondo lobushushu elifanayo elingaphantsi kwe-1550 °F [845 °C] uze upholise emoyeni okanye kwigumbi lokupholisa lesithando esilawulwa ngumoya.
Ukuba kuyimfuneko ukucocwa kwesimo, kuya kufuneka kuxoxiswane ngako.
Kuphela kwiindidi ezingentla zeetyhubhu zentsimbi ezingenamthungo:
Phinda ufudumale kwaye ulawule ukusebenza okushushu kunye nobushushu bomsebenzi wokugqiba oshushu ukuya kutsho kubushushu bokugqiba obuqala kwi-1550 - 1750 °F [845 - 955℃] uze upholise kwi-atmosphere elawulwayo ukusuka kubushushu bokuqala obungaphantsi kwe-1550 °F [845 °C].
Ikhemistri yeBanga loku-1 yenzelwe ukulinganisela amandla, ubulukhuni, kunye nokuqina kobushushu obuphantsi kwizicelo kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphantsi.
| Ibanga | C(Ikhabhoni) | Mn(IManganese) | P(I-phosphorus) | S(Isalfure) |
| Ibanga loku-1 | ubuninzi 0.30% | 0.40-1.06 % | ubuninzi 0.025 % | ubuninzi 0.025 % |
| Kwixabiso ngalinye lokunciphisa i-0.01% yekhabhoni ngaphantsi kwe-0.30%, ukunyuka kwe-0.05% yemanganese ngaphezu kwe-1.06% kuya kuvunyelwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.35% yemanganese. | ||||
Ikhabhoni yeyona nto iphambili eyonyusa amandla nokuqina kwentsimbi, kodwa xa kusetyenziswa amaqondo obushushu aphantsi, umxholo ophezulu wekhabhoni unokunciphisa ukuqina kwento leyo.
Ibanga loku-1, elinomxholo ophezulu wekhabhoni oyi-0.30%, lihlelwa njengentsimbi enekhabhoni ephantsi kwaye lilawulwa kwinqanaba eliphantsi ukuze liphucule ukuqina kwalo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi.
Amaxabiso aphantsi okwandiswa kodonga aqikelelweyo kwi-1/32 intshi nganye [0.80 mm] yokwehla kobukhulu bodonga.
Kuyenziwa iimvavanyo zempembelelo kwiityhubhu zentsimbi zeBanga loku-1kwi -45°C [-50°F], eyenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kunye nokumelana nempembelelo kwezinto kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu. Uvavanyo lwenziwa ngokukhetha amandla afanelekileyo empembelelo ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bodonga lombhobho wentsimbi.
Iisampulu zempembelelo zeNotched-bar mazibe zezo ze-simple beam, Charpy-type, ngokuhambelana neTest Methods E23. Uhlobo A, kunye ne-V notch.
Iindlela ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zokulinganisa ubulukhuni ziivavanyo zobunzima zeRockwell kunye neBrinell.
| Ibanga | uRockwell | UBrinell |
| I-ASTM A334 Ibanga 1 | B 85 | 163 |
Umbhobho ngamnye kufuneka uvavanywe ngombane okanye ngamanzi ngokungenakonakala ngokuhambelana ne-STM A1016/A1016M. Ngaphandle kokuba kuchazwe ngenye indlela kwi-odolo yokuthenga, uhlobo lovavanyo oluza kusetyenziswa luya kuba lolwenziwe ngumenzi.
Ukongeza kwiimpawu ezichazwe kwiSpecification A1016/A1016M, iimpawu mazibandakanye ezigqityiweyo ngobushushu, ezitsalwe ngokubandayo, ezingenamthungo, okanye ezidityanisiweyo, kunye noonobumba "LT" abalandelwa bubushushu apho uvavanyo lwempembelelo lwenziwe khona.
Xa umbhobho wentsimbi ogqityiweyo unganelanga ukufumana isampuli encinci yokuchaphazeleka, uphawu alufanele lubandakanye oonobumba u-LT kunye nobushushu bovavanyo obubonisiweyo.
Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo zoshishino ezifuna ukusebenza kubushushu obuphantsi.
Ukuthuthwa kolwelo olune-cryogenic: Umbhobho wentsimbi weBanga loku-1 usetyenziswa kakhulu ukuthutha ulwelo oluyi-cryogenic njengegesi yendalo eyosiweyo (LNG), igesi yepetroleum eyosiweyo (LPG), kunye nezinye iikhemikhali eziyi-cryogenic. Olu lwelo ludla ngokufuna ukuthuthwa ngokukhuselekileyo kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi komhlaba, kwaye umbhobho wentsimbi weBanga loku-1 ugcina iipropati zawo zomzimba kunye nokuqina kwesakhiwo kula maqondo obushushu aphantsi.
Iinkqubo nezixhobo zokukhenkcisa: Isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiipayipi zokuhambisa izinto ezipholileyo kwezi nkqubo.
Izitshintshi zobushushu kunye nezikhuseli: Izitshintshi zobushushu kunye nezikhuseli zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwicandelo lemizi-mveliso kunye namandla, zihlala zisebenzisa iityhubhu zentsimbi zeBakala 1 njengezinto zokwakha. Ezi zixhobo zifuna izixhobo ezigcina amandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokusebenza kakuhle kwexesha elide.
Iindawo zokugcina izinto ezibandayo kunye neendawo zokukhenkcisa: Kwiindawo zokugcina izinto ezibandayo nakwezinye iindawo zokugcina izinto ezibandayo, iinkqubo zokufaka imibhobho kufuneka zilungelelaniswe kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu. Umbhobho wentsimbi webanga loku-1 ungasetyenziselwa ukwakha iinkqubo zokufaka imibhobho kwezi ndawo ngenxa yokukwazi kwawo ukuqhubeka nokusebenza kwiindawo ezibandayo ngaphandle kokusilela.
1. EN 10216-4: P215NL, P255QL;
2. I-DIN 17173:TTSt35N;
3. I-JIS G3460:STPL 380;
4. GB/T 18984: 09Mn2V.
Le migangatho kunye namanqanaba enzelwe ukuba abe neempawu ezifanayo okanye ezilinganayo ne-ASTM A334 Grade 1, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimpawu zobushushu obuphantsi kunye nezinye iikhrayitheriya zokusebenza ezifanelekileyo.
Ukususela oko yasekwa ngo-2014, iBotop Steel ibe ngumthengisi ophambili wemibhobho yentsimbi yekhabhoni eMntla China, eyaziwa ngenkonzo egqwesileyo, iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kunye nezisombululo ezibanzi. Le nkampani inikezela ngeentlobo ngeentlobo zemibhobho yentsimbi yekhabhoni kunye neemveliso ezinxulumene nayo, kubandakanya i-seamless, i-ERW, i-LSAW, kunye nombhobho wentsimbi we-SSAW, kunye noluhlu olupheleleyo lwezixhobo zemibhobho kunye neeflanges.
Iimveliso zayo ezikhethekileyo ziquka ii-alloys zodidi oluphezulu kunye neentsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic, ezenzelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeeprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zemibhobho.
