I-ASTM A312 (I-ASME SA312) ngumgangatho osetyenziswa kakhulu kwiipayipi zentsimbi engagqwaliyo, ezigubungela iintlobo zepayipi ezingenamthungo, ezidityanisiweyo, nezisebenza ngokubanda kakhulu. Isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiindawo zenkonzo ezinobushushu obuphezulu kunye nezo zirhabaxa ngokubanzi. Umgangatho uquka amanqanaba amaninzi entsimbi engagqwaliyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa, kunye namanqanaba aqhelekileyo afanaI-TP304 (S30400), I-TP316 (S31600), I-TP304L (S30403)kunyeI-TP316L (S31603).
Njengomthengisi weepayipi zentsimbi engagqwali ochwephesha nothembekileyo eTshayina,Intsimbi yeBotopizimisele ukubonelela ngeemveliso zepayipi zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezinamaxabiso akhuphisanayo kunye nokuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza kwiiprojekthi zakho. Qhagamshelana nathi ukuze ufumane inkxaso ezinikeleyo kwiqela lethu elinamava.
Izinto ezinikezelwe phantsi kwe-ASTM A312 mazihambelane neemfuno ezifanelekileyo zohlelo lwangoku lweI-ASTM A999ngaphandle kokuba kuchazwe ngenye indlela apha.
Iimfuneko ezinje ngokwakhiwa kweekhemikhali, iipropati zoomatshini, uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic, uvavanyo olungonakalisiyo, kunye nokunyamezelana kobukhulu bezinto zonke kufuneka zihambelane nemigaqo efanelekileyo ye-A999.
Zonke iintlobo ze-ASTM A312 ziintsimbi ezingenasici, ngoko ke ukwakheka kwazo kweekhemikhali kuqulethe inani eliphezulu le-chromium (Cr) kunye ne-nickel (Ni) ukuqinisekisa ukumelana nokugqwala, amandla obushushu aphezulu, kunye nokuqina ngokubanzi kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zenkonzo.
| Ibanga | Ulwakhiwo, % | |||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni | Mo | |
| TP304 | Ubuninzi obuyi-0.08 | Ubuninzi be-2.00 | Ubuninzi obuyi-0.045 | Ubuninzi be-0.030 | Ubuninzi be-1.00 | 18.00 ~ 20.00 | 8.0 ~ 11.0 | — |
| TP304L | Ubuninzi obuyi-0.035 | Ubuninzi be-2.00 | Ubuninzi obuyi-0.045 | Ubuninzi be-0.030 | Ubuninzi be-1.00 | 18.00 ~ 20.00 | 8.0 ~ 13.0 | — |
| TP316 | Ubuninzi obuyi-0.08 | Ubuninzi be-2.00 | Ubuninzi obuyi-0.045 | Ubuninzi be-0.030 | Ubuninzi be-1.00 | 16.00 ~ 18.00 | 11.0 ~ 14.0 | 2.0 ~ 3.0 |
| TP316L | Ubuninzi obuyi-0.035 | Ubuninzi be-2.00 | Ubuninzi obuyi-0.045 | Ubuninzi be-0.030 | Ubuninzi be-1.00 | 16.00 ~ 18.00 | 11.0 ~ 14.0 | 2.0 ~ 3.0 |
Kwipayipi ye-TP316 edibeneyo, uluhlu lwe-nickel (Ni) lufanele lube yi-10.0 ukuya kwi-14.0%.
| Iipropati zoomatshini | TP304 / TP316 | TP304L / TP316L | |
| Iimfuno zokuThatha | Tensile strength | 75 ksi [515 MPa] min | 70 ksi [485 MPa] min |
| Unikeze Amandla | 30 ksi [205 MPa] min | 25 ksi [170 MPa] min | |
| Ukwandiswa kwiisentimitha ezi-2 okanye ezingama-50 mm | I-Longitudinal: 35% min I-Transverse: 25% min | ||
| Uvavanyo lokuTyatya | Uvavanyo lokuthamba kufuneka lwenziwe kwi-5% yemibhobho evela kwindawo nganye ephathwa ngobushushu. | ||
| Uvavanyo lokubola kweWeld | Umlinganiselo wokulahleka kwesinyithi esisekujikeni kwisinyithi esisisiseko kufuneka ube yi-0.90 ukuya kwi-1.1. (Uvavanyo alufuneki ngaphandle kokuba luchazwe kwi-odolo yokuthenga) | ||
Xa ikhrayitheriya yovavanyo lwempembelelo yeinkonzo yobushushu obuphantsiUkuba i-15 ft-lbf (20 J) ifunxwa ngamandla okanye i-15 mils [0.38 mm] expansion lateral, amabakala e-TP304 kunye ne-TP304L ayamkelwa yi-ASME Pressure Vessel Code, iCandelo VIII, iCandelo 1, kunye neKhowudi yeMibhobho yeZityalo zeMichiza kunye nokuHlaziya, i-ANSI B31.3, ukuze isetyenzwe kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi njenge--425°F [-250°C] ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso sovavanyo lwempembelelo.
Ezinye iiklasi ze-AISI zentsimbi engagqwaliyo zihlala zamkelwe kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi njenge--325°F [-200°C] ngaphandle kovavanyo lokuchaphazela.
Inkqubo yoMvelisi
Imibhobho ye-ASTM A312 TP304, TP316, TP304L, kunye ne-TP316L inokwenziwa ngeendlela ezintathu:ingenamthungo(SML), inkqubo yokuwelda ngokuzenzekelayo (i-WLD)kunyeukusebenza okubandayo kakhulu (HCW), kwaye ingagqitywa ngokushisa okanye ngokubandayo njengoko kufuneka.
Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela yokuwelda, akufuneki kongezwe isinyithi sokuzalisa ngexesha lokuwelda.
Umbhobho odibeneyo kunye nombhobho we-HCW we-NPS 14 kunye nombhobho omncinci kufuneka ube nombhobho omnye we-longitudinal. Umbhobho odibeneyo kunye nombhobho we-HCW omkhulu kunowe-NPS 14 kufuneka ube nombhobho omnye we-longitudinal okanye kufuneka uveliswe ngokwenza nokuwelda amacandelo amabini e-longitudinal esitokhweni esithe tyaba xa kuvunyiwe ngumthengi. Zonke iimvavanyo ze-weld, uviwo, uhlolo, okanye unyango kufuneka lwenziwe kumthungo ngamnye we-weld.
Unyango lobushushu
Zonke iipayipi zentsimbi ze-ASTM A312 mazifakelwe unyango lobushushu.
Inkqubo yokunyanga ubushushu ye-TP304, TP316, TP304L, kunye ne-TP316L kufuneka ibandakanye ukufudumeza umbhobho ukuya kwi-1900°F ubuncinane (1040°C) kunye nokucima emanzini okanye ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza ngezinye iindlela.
Izinga lokupholisa kufuneka lanele ukuthintela ukuphindaphinda kwe-carbide kwaye linokuqinisekiswa ngokukwazi ukudlula i-ASTM A262, Practice E.
Kwimibhobho engenamthungo ye-A312, emva nje kokuba ishushu, ngelixa ubushushu bombhobho bungaphantsi kobushushu obuchaziweyo bonyango lwesisombululo, umbhobho ngamnye kufuneka ucinywe ngokwawo emanzini okanye upholiswe ngokukhawuleza ngezinye iindlela.
Umbhobho ngamnye kufuneka uvavanywe ngombane ongatshabalalisiyo okanye uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic. Uhlobo lovavanyo oluza kusetyenziswa luya kuba lolwenziwa ngumvelisi, ngaphandle kokuba kuchazwe ngenye indlela kwi-odolo yokuthenga.
Iindlela zovavanyo kufuneka zenziwe ngokuhambelana neemfuno ezifanelekileyo ze-ASTM A999.
Kwimibhobho enezixhobo ezilingana okanye ezinkulu kune-NPS 10, uvavanyo lwenkqubo lungasetyenziswa endaweni yovavanyo lwe-hydrostatic. Ukuba uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic alwenziwanga, uphawu kufuneka lubandakanye "NH".
Imibhobho egqityiweyo mayibe ngokuthe tye kwaye ibe nomgangatho ofana nowenziwe ngumntu.
Umbhobho mawungabi nazikali kwaye ungcolise amasuntswana entsimbi angaphandle. Ukuqhotsa, ukuqhumisa, okanye ukugqiba umphezulu akunyanzelekanga xa umbhobho ufakwe i-anneal ekhanyayo. Umthengi uvumelekile ukufuna ukuba kusetyenziswe unyango lokuthambisa kumbhobho ogqityiweyo.
Ukususwa kweziphene ngokusila kuvumelekile, ukuba ubukhulu bodonga abuncitshiswanga bube ngaphantsi koko kuvunyelwe kwiCandelo 9 le-ASTM A999.
| Umyili we-NPS | Ukunyamezelana, ifomu % yeNominal | |
| Phezu | Ngaphantsi | |
| 1/8 ukuya kwi-2 1/2 kuquka, zonke iireyithi ze-t/D | 20.0 | 12.5 |
| 3 ukuya kwi-18 kubandakanya i-t/D ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5% kuquka. | 22.5 | 12.5 |
| 3 ukuya kwi-18 kubandakanya i-t/D ＞ 5% | 15.0 | 12.5 |
| Ezingama-20 nangaphezulu, zidibene, zonke iireyithi ze-t/D | 17.5 | 12.5 |
| 20 nangaphezulu, ayinamthungo, i-t/D ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5% kuquka. | 22.5 | 12.5 |
| 20 nangaphezulu, ayinamthungo, t/D ＞ 5% | 15.0 | 12.5 |
t = Ubukhulu Bodonga Oluqhelekileyo; D = Ububanzi Bomyalelo Ngaphandle.
I-Botop Steel ibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokupakisha iiprojekthi zakho, ukusuka ekupakisheni iingxowa ezilukiweyo kunye nokupakishwa kweengxowa zeplastiki ukuya ekupakisheni iibhokisi zomthi, ukuqinisekisa ukuphathwa okukhuselekileyo, ukhuseleko ngexesha lokuthuthwa, kunye nokuthobela iimfuno zeprojekthi.
Izixhobo:imibhobho yentsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-ASTM A312 kunye nezixhobo;
Inqanaba:TP304, TP316, TP304L, kunye neTP316L
Ubungakanani:1/8" ukuya kwi-30", okanye wenze ngokwezifiso ngokweemfuno zakho;
Ubude:Ubude obungacwangciswanga okanye obunqunyiweyo ngokwe-odolo;
Ukupakisha:Iingxowa ezilukiweyo, iingxowa zeplastiki, iibhokisi zomthi, njl.njl.
Inkxaso:I-EXW, i-FOB, i-CIF, i-CFR;
I-MOQ:1 m;
Immimiselo yokuhlawula:I-T/T okanye i-L/C;
Ixabiso:Qhagamshelana nathi ukuze ufumane amaxabiso amva nje.
