I-ASTM A106umbhobho wentsimbi awunamthungoumbhobho wentsimbi yekhabhoniifanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu.Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi ezifana nomzi-mveliso weoyile negesi, izityalo zamandla kunye nezityalo zeekhemikhali.
Ukuthi ngqo,I-ASTM A106 Ibanga BItyhubhu ithandwa kakhulu kwiindlela ezininzi zokusebenza ngenxa yokukwazi kwayo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza koomatshini abaninzi bokwakha kunye nokufikeleleka kwayo.
I-ASME SA106 = I-ASTM A106.
I-ASME SA106 kunye ne-ASTM A106 zilingana ngokwezinto kunye neempawu, kwaye zineemfuno ezifanayo ezisemgangathweni, kodwa zikwimibutho eyahlukeneyo yokupapasha imigangatho kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukuhlangabezana neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zesatifikethi.
Ububanzi obuqhelekileyo: DN 6 - DN 1200 [NPS 1/8 - NPS 48];
Ububanzi obungaphandle: 10.3 - 1219 mm [0.405 - 48 in.];
Ubukhulu bodonganjengoko kubonisiwe kwiI-ASME B 36.10.
Iiklasi eziqhelekileyo zobukhulu bodonga zeziIshedyuli 40kwayeIshedyuli 80.
Ubungakanani bepayipi obungengobomgangatho obuqhelekileyo bungasetyenziswa, ukuba nje buhlangabezana nazo zonke ezinye iimfuno zale khowudi.
II-ASTM A106umgangatho unemigangatho emithathu eyahlukeneyo,Ibanga A, iBanga B, kunye neBanga C.
Amandla okuvelisa kunye namandla okutsalwa ayanda ngokwenqanaba, elisetyenziselwa ukujongana neendawo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa.
Intsimbi kufuneka ibulawe yintsimbi.
Umbhobho wentsimbi we-ASTM A106 uza kwenziwa kusetyenziswainkqubo yemveliso engenamthungo.
Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu bombhobho kunye nokusetyenziswa kwawo, zinokwahlulwahlulwa zibeigqityiwe shushukwayeitsalwa kubandaiintlobo.
I-DN ≤ 40 [NPS ≤ 1 1/2], ingenza itsalwe ishushu okanye itsalwe ibanda, ikakhulu itsalwe ibanda.
I-DN ≥ 50 [NPS ≥ 2] mayigqitywe ngobushushu. Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezingenamthungo ezitsalwa ngokubandayo nazo ziyafumaneka xa ziceliwe.
Apha ngezantsi kukho umzobo wenkqubo yokuvelisa umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo ogqityiweyo ngobushushu.
Imizobo yetshathi yokuhamba kwemveliso edwetshwe ngokubandayo inokubonwa ngokucofa kuIityhubhu zentsimbi yekhabhoni engenamthungo ze-ASTM A556 ezitsalwe ngokubandayo.
Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezingenamthungo ezigqityiweyo zishushu nezitsalwa kubanda zineempawu zoomatshini, umgangatho womphezulu, kunye nokuchaneka kobukhulu ukongeza kumahluko obukhulu.
Iityhubhu ezigqityiweyo zishushu zenziwe kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwaye zinokuqina okungcono kodwa iindawo ezirhabaxa kunye nokuchaneka okuphantsi kobukhulu; ngelixa iityhubhu ezitsalwa kubanda zenziwe ngokuguqulwa kweplastiki kubushushu begumbi kwaye zinamandla aphezulu, iindawo ezithambileyo, kunye nolawulo oluchanekileyo lobukhulu, okwenza zifaneleke kwizicelo ezifuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza.
Itsalwa ngumoya obandayoimibhobho kufuneka inyangwe ngobushushu xa1200°F [650°C]okanye ngaphezulu emva kokutsalwa kokugqibela okubandayo.
Igqityiwe shushuiityhubhu zentsimbi azidingi unyango olungaphezulu lobushushu.
Ukuba unyango lobushushu luyadingeka kumbhobho wentsimbi ogqityiweyo oshushu, ubushushu bonyango lobushushu bufanele bube ngaphezulu1500°F [650°C].
Unyango lobushushu luphucula ulwakhiwo lwetyhubhu, luphucula iimpawu zoomatshini, luphucula ukumelana nokugqwala, luphucula ukusebenza kakuhle komatshini, luqinisekisa uzinzo olulinganayo, kwaye luhlangabezana neemfuno zemigangatho ethile, ngaloo ndlela luphucula kakhulu ukusebenza ngokubanzi kunye nokufaneleka kwetyhubhu.
a Kwixabiso ngalinye lokunciphisa i-0.01% ngaphantsi kwe-carbon maximum echaziweyo, ukunyuka kwe-0.06% ye-manganese ngaphezu kwe-maximum echaziweyo kuya kuvunyelwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.35%.
b Ngaphandle kokuba kuchazwe ngenye indlela ngumthengi, kunciphiso ngalunye lwe-0.01% ngaphantsi komlinganiselo wekhabhoni ochaziweyo, ukunyuka kwe-0.06% ye-manganese ngaphezu komlinganiselo ochaziweyo kuya kuvunyelwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.65%.
cI-Cr, i-Cu, i-Mo, i-Ni, kunye ne-V akufuneki zidlule kwi-1% yomxholo uwonke wezi zinto zintlanu.
Amabanga A, B kunye no-Czahlukile kwimilo yazo yeekhemikhali, ikakhulu ngokwexabiso lekhabhoni kunye ne-manganese.
Olu mahluko luchaphazela iimpawu zoomatshini kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa kweetyhubhu. Okukhona umxholo wekhabhoni uphezulu, kokukhona umbhobho uya kuba namandla, kodwa ukuqina kunokuncipha. Ukwanda komxholo we-manganese kuncedisa ekuqineni nasekuqineni kwentsimbi.
Ipropati yokuThatha
A: Ubuncinane bobude obuyi-2 intshi [50 mm] buza kugqitywa yile equation ilandelayo:
iiyunithi ze-intshi-pound:e = 625,000A0.2/UO.9
Iiyunithi ze-Sl:e = 1940A0.2/U0.9
e: ubuncinci bobude kwi-2 in. [50 mm], %, bujikelezwe kwi-0.5% ekufutshane,
A: indawo enqamlezileyo yesampuli yovavanyo loxinzelelo, kwi.2[mm2], ngokusekelwe kububanzi obuchaziweyo bangaphandle okanye ububanzi besampuli eqhelekileyo kunye nobukhulu bodonga obuchaziweyo, ijikelezwe ukuya kwi-0.01 inches ekufutshane2[1 mm2].
(Ukuba indawo ebalwe ngolu hlobo ilingana okanye ingaphezulu kwe-0.75 in2[500 mm2], emva koko ixabiso liyi-0.75 kwi2[500 mm2] izakusetyenziswa.)
U: amandla okutsalwa acacisiweyo, i-psi [MPa].
Uvavanyo lokugoba
Kwimibhobho i-DN 50 [NPS 2] kunye nemincinci, kuya kubakho ubude obaneleyo bombhobho ukuvumela ukugoba okubandayo kombhobho kudlule kwi-90° ngaphandle kokuqhekeka kujikeleze i-mandrel esilinda enobubanzi obuphindwe kalishumi elinesibini kunobubanzi bangaphandle bombhobho.
Kwi-OD > 25in. [635mm], ukuba i-OD/T ≤ 7, kufuneka uvavanyo lokugoba ukuze ugobe nge-180° ngaphandle kokuqhekeka kubushushu begumbi. Ububanzi bangaphakathi benxalenye egobileyo yi-1in.
Uvavanyo lokuTyatya
Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo we-ASTM A106 awudingi kuvavanywa ngokutyibilikayo, kodwa ukusebenza kombhobho kufuneka kuhlangabezane neemfuno ezifanelekileyo.
Ngaphandle kokuba kufuneka ngokukodwa, yonke imibhobho kufuneka ivavanywe ngamanzi okanye ingatshabalalisi ngombane, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zombini.
Ukuba akwenziwanga uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic okanye olungonakalisiyo, umbhobho uya kubhalwa ngolu hlobo “NH".
Uvavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic
Ixabiso loxinzelelo lwamanzi akufuneki libe ngaphantsi kwama-60% wamandla aphantsi okuvelisa.
Ingabalwa ngale fomyula ilandelayo:
P = 2St/D
P = uxinzelelo lovavanyo lwe-hydrostatic kwi-psi okanye kwi-MPa,
S = uxinzelelo lodonga lwepayipi kwi-psi okanye kwi-MPa,
t = ubukhulu bodonga obuchaziweyo, ubukhulu bodonga obuchaziweyo obuhambelana nenombolo yeshedyuli ye-ANSI echaziweyo, okanye amaxesha ayi-1.143 ubukhulu bodonga obuchaziweyo, kwi. [mm],
D = ububanzi obuchaziweyo bangaphandle, ububanzi obungaphandle obuhambelana nobungakanani bombhobho we-ANSI obuchaziweyo, okanye ububanzi obungaphandle obubalwe ngokongeza i-2t (njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla) kububanzi obuchaziweyo bangaphakathi, kwi. [mm].
Ukuba uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwamanzi lwenziwe, umbhobho wentsimbi kufuneka uphawulwe ngophawuuxinzelelo lovavanyo.
Uvavanyo loMbane olungonakalisiyo
Ingasetyenziswa njengendlela yokuvavanya i-hydrostatic endaweni yovavanyo lwe-hydrostatic.
Umzimba wonke wombhobho ngamnye uya kuvavanywa ngombane ongonakalisiyo ngokuhambelana nemigaqoE213, E309okanyeE570iinkcukacha.
Ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo olungonakalisiyo, “I-NDE"kufuneka kuboniswe kumphezulu wombhobho."
Ubunzima
Ubunzima bokwenyani bombhobho kufuneka bube kuluhlu97.5% - 110%yobunzima obuchaziweyo.
Ububanzi obungaphandle
Ubukhulu
Ubuncinane bobukhulu bodonga = 87.5% yobukhulu bodonga obuchaziweyo.
Ubude
Ingahlulwahlulwa ngokwezigabaubude obuchaziweyo, ubude obungacwangciswanga obunyekunyeubude obuphindwe kabini obungacwangciswanga.
Ubude obuchaziweyo: njengoko kufuneka ngokomyalelo.
Ubude obungacwangciswanga obunye: 4.8-6.7 m [16-22ft].
Ubude obuyi-5% buvumelekile ukuba bube ngaphantsi kwe-4.8 m [16 ft], kodwa bungadluli kwi-3.7 m [12 ft].
Ubude obuphindwe kabini obungacwangciswanga: Ubude obuqhelekileyo obuphakathi yi-10.7 m [35 ft] kwaye ubude obuncinci yi-6.7 m [22 ft].
Iipesenti ezintlanu zobude zivumelekile ukuba zibe ngaphantsi kwe-6.7 m [22 ft], kodwa zingabi mfutshane kune-4.8 m [16 ft].
Umbhobho wentsimbi we-ASTM A106 usetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi zoshishino ngenxa yokuxhathisa kwawo amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye noxinzelelo.
1. Ishishini leoyile negesi: Umbhobho wentsimbi we-ASTM A106 usetyenziswa kakhulu kwimibhobho yeoyile negesi ekude, izixhobo zokubhola, kunye neendawo zokucocisa, apho ukumelana kwawo nobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwiindawo ezinzima.
2. Izityalo zombane: Isetyenziswa kwiipayipi zebhoyila ezinobushushu obuphezulu, ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu, kwii-heat exchangers, nakwiinkqubo zokuhambisa umphunga ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukubonelela ngokusebenza okuzinzileyo kunye nobomi benkonzo phantsi kweemeko ezinzima.
3. Izityalo zeekhemikhali: I-ASTM A106 steel tubes isetyenziswa kwizityalo zeekhemikhali kwiinkqubo zemibhobho yee-reactors ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu, imikhumbi yoxinzelelo, ii-distillation towers, kunye nee-condenser, apho inokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye neekhemikhali ezibolayo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo.
4. Izakhiwo kunye neziseko zophuhliso: Isetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokufudumeza, zokungenisa umoya, nezokupholisa umoya (HVAC) kunye neenkqubo zokukhusela umlilo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko lweenkqubo kwizakhiwo.
I-ASTM A53 Ibanga BkwayeI-API 5L Ibanga B zezona ndlela ziqhelekileyo ezingasetyenziswayo endaweni ye-ASTM A106 Grade B.
Kwimibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo, sihlala sibona imibhobho yentsimbi ehlangabezana nale migangatho mithathu ngaxeshanye, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba inomgangatho ophezulu wokuhambelana ngokwemilo yeekhemikhali, iimpawu zoomatshini, njalo njalo.
Ukongeza kwizixhobo ezisemgangathweni ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, kukho eminye imigangatho efana ne-ASTM A106 ngokwemilo yeekhemikhali kunye neempawu zoomatshini.
GB/T 5310: Faka kumbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo kwibhoyila enoxinzelelo oluphezulu.
I-JIS G3454: Yepayipi yentsimbi yekhabhoni yokufakela imibhobho yoxinzelelo.
I-JIS G3455: Ifanelekile kwimibhobho yentsimbi yekhabhoni kwimibhobho enoxinzelelo oluphezulu.
I-JIS G3456: Iipayipi zentsimbi yekhabhoni zemibhobho enobushushu obuphezulu.
EN 10216-2: Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezingenamthungo zokusetyenziswa kubushushu obuphezulu.
EN 10217-2: Imibhobho yentsimbi edityanisiweyo yokusetyenziswa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
I-GOST 8732: Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezigoqekayo ezishushu ezingenamthungo zokusetyenziswa koxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu.
Yonke ibhetshi yombhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo ye-ASTM A106 iye yahlolwa ngononophelo okanye yahlolwa ngumntu wesithathu ngaphambi kokuba iphume kumzi-mveliso, nto leyo esigxininisa kuyo umgangatho kunye nokuzibophelela kwethu okungaguqukiyo kubathengi.
Ukuhlolwa kobubanzi bangaphandle
Ukuhlolwa koBungqingqwa bodonga
Ukuhlolwa Kokuthe Tye
Uhlolo lwe-UT
Ukuhlolwa kokugqibela
Ukuhlolwa kweNkangeleko
Ngelixa siqinisekisa umgangatho weemveliso zethu, sikwabonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokupakisha ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zothutho kunye nokugcina. Ukusuka kwiintambo zendabuko ukuya kwiipakethe zokukhusela ezenzelwe wena, sizimisele ukubonelela ngokhuseleko olungcono kakhulu kwimpahla nganye yokuthunyelwa kweetyhubhu zentsimbi ukuqinisekisa ukuba zifika kuwe ngokukhuselekileyo nangaphandle komonakalo.
Umzobo Omnyama
Iikhephu zeplastiki
3LPE
Isisongeli
I-Galvanised
Ukubopha kunye neSling
Olu phononongo alupheleli nje ekuqapheleni umgangatho weemveliso zethu kodwa lukwabonakalisa nokuzinikela kwethu kwinkonzo. Sijonge phambili ekusebenzisaneni nani ukubonelela ngezisombululo zepayipi yentsimbi ye-ASTM A106 GR.B ezifanelekileyo kwiiprojekthi zenu ngenkonzo yobungcali nesebenzayo.
Ukususela oko yasekwa ngo-2014,Intsimbi yeBotopiye yaba ngumthengisi ophambili wemibhobho yentsimbi yekhabhoni eMntla China, eyaziwa ngenkonzo egqwesileyo, iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kunye nezisombululo ezibanzi.
Le nkampani inikezela ngeendidi ngeendidi zeepayipi zentsimbi yekhabhoni kunye neemveliso ezinxulumene nazo, kuquka ipayipi yentsimbi engenamthungo, i-ERW, i-LSAW, kunye ne-SSAW, kunye noluhlu olupheleleyo lwee-fittings zepayipi kunye nee-flanges. Iimveliso zayo ezikhethekileyo ziquka ii-alloys ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye neentsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic, ezenzelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeeprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zepayipi.
Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo we-ASTM A53 Gr.A kunye neGr. B weCarbon Seamless wePipeline yeoyile negesi
Iityhubhu zeHeater zeSteel yeCarbon ye-ASTM A556 eziBandayo eziThatyathwe ngaphandle kweSeamless Carbon
Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo we-ASTM A334 webanga loku-1 weCarbon
Umbhobho we-ASTM A519 Carbon kunye ne-Alloy Mechanical Steel Seamless Pipe
Umbhobho weNsimbi ongenamthungo weJIS G3455 STS370 weNkonzo yoXinzelelo oluPhezulu
Iityhubhu ze-ASTM A192 zeBoiler Carbon Steel ze-ASTM A192 zoxinzelelo oluphezulu
Ipayipi yebhoyila yentsimbi yekhabhoni engenamthungo yeJIS G 3461 STB340
Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezingenamthungo ze-AS 1074 zenkonzo eqhelekileyo
I-API 5L GR.B Heavy Wall Ubungqingqwa bentsimbi engenamthungo ye-API 5L GR.B yoLungiso lweMishini
Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo we-ASTM A53 Gr.A kunye neGr. B weCarbon Seamless wePipeline yeoyile negesi
