II-API 5Liityhubhu zamagama aqhelekileyo ngokusekelwe kumandla azo amancinci okuvelisa. Ke ngoko,I-X52 (L360) inamandla amancinci okuvelisa i-52,200 psi (360 MPa).
X52=L360, ziindlela ezimbini zokubonisa umgangatho ofanayo wombhobho kumgangatho we-API 5L.
X52linqanaba eliphakathi kwi-API 5L, lidibanisa amandla aphezulu kunye noqoqosho. Lisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuthuthweni kweoyile negesi, kwiiprojekthi zokwakha, kwiipayipi zamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, njl.
Intsimbi yeBotopngumvelisi ochwephesha wombhobho wentsimbi we-LSAW onamacango amakhulu nobukhulu obuphindwe kabini ongaphantsi komhlaba okwi-China.
1. Indawo: Isixeko saseCangzhou, kwiPhondo laseHebei, eTshayina;
2. Utyalo-mali lulonke: 500 yezigidi zeerandi;
3. Indawo yomzi-mveliso: 60,000 square metres;
4. Umthamo wonyaka wemveliso: iitoni ezingama-200,000 zeepayipi zentsimbi zeJCOE LSAW;
5. Izixhobo: Izixhobo zokuvelisa nokuvavanya eziphucukileyo;
6. Ubuchwephesha: Imveliso yepayipi yentsimbi ye-LSAW;
7. Isiqinisekiso: Isiqinisekiso se-API 5L.
Udidi lwe-API 5L X52
Ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lePSL kunye nemeko yokuhanjiswa, iX52 inokwahlulwahlulwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
I-PSL1: X52;
I-PSL2:X52N okanye L360N;X52Q okanye L360Q;I-X52M okanye i-L360M.
Kwi-PSL2, unobumba osisimamva ubhekisa kuhlobo lonyango lobushushu oluza kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba izinto zifike okokugqibela.iimeko zokuhanjiswangezantsi ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe.
Iimeko zokuhanjiswa
Izinto Zokuqala
Iingots, iintyatyambo, iibhilethi, iikhoyili, okanye iipleyiti.
Kwipayipi yePSL 2, intsimbi mayibulawe ize yenziwe ngokwesiko lengqolowa ecolekileyo.
Ikhoyili okanye ipleyiti esetyenziselwa ukwenza umbhobho wePSL 2 akufuneki ibe nazo naziphi na ii-welds zokulungisa.
Inkqubo yoMveliso ye-API 5L X52
Iityhubhu ze-X52 zinokwenziwa kusetyenziswa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokwenza iityhubhu ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zobunjineli.
Ukuze ufumane okungakumbi malunga nentsingiselo yesifinyezo seNkqubo yokuVelisa,Cofa apha.
I-SAWLsesona sisombululo sifanelekileyoububanzi obukhulu, udonga olujiyileyoimibhobho yentsimbi.
Amagama athi "I-SAWL"kwaye"I-LSAW"zombini zibhekisa kwiLongitudinal Submerged Arc Welded, kodwa zibizwa ngokwahlukileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, igama elithi "LSAW" lisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino.
Umbhobho we-LSAW unokudityaniswa kabini ngenxa yemida yezixhobo ekuvelisweni kombhobho omkhulu, kwaye ukudityaniswa kufanele kube malunga ne-180° ukusuka komnye.
Iintlobo zeMpeyiphu ze-API 5L X52
Isiphelo sePipe yeNtsimbi yePSL1: Isiphelo esinentsimbi okanye isiphelo esingenanto;
Isiphelo sePipe yeNsimbi yePSL2: Isiphelo esingenanto;
Kwimiphetho yepayipi ecacileyokufuneka kulandelwe ezi mfuno zilandelayo:
Isiphelo sombhobho ongenanto ongama-t ≤ 3.2 mm (0.125 in) kufuneka sinqunyulwe sibe sisikwere.
Iityhubhu ezingenanto ezine-t > 3.2 mm (0.125 in) mazibethwe nge-beveled ukuze kudityaniswe. I-engile ye-bevel mayibe yi-30-35° kwaye ububanzi bomphezulu wengcambu ye-bevel bube yi-0.8 - 2.4 mm (0.031 - 0.093 in).
I-API 5L X52 Chemical Composition
Ulwakhiwo lweekhemikhali zombhobho wentsimbi wePSL1 kunye nePSL2 t > 25.0 mm (0.984 in) kufuneka lumiselwe ngokwesivumelwano.
Ulwakhiwo lweeKhemikhali zePSL 1 Pipe ene-t ≤ 25.0 mm (0.984 in.)
Ulwakhiwo lweeKhemikhali kwiPipe yePSL 2 ene-t ≤ 25.0 mm (0.984 in.)
Kwiimveliso zepayipi yentsimbi yePSL2 ezihlalutyiweyo ngeumxholo wekhabhoni we ≤0.12%, i-CE elingana nekhabhonii-pcmingabalwa kusetyenziswa le fomyula ilandelayo:
CEi-pcm= C + Si/30 + Mn/20 + Cu/20 + Ni/60 + Cr/20 + Mo/15 + V/15 + 5B
Kwiimveliso zepayipi yentsimbi yePSL2 ezihlalutyiweyo ngeumxholo wekhabhoni > 0.12%, i-CE elingana nekhabhonillwingabalwa kusetyenziswa le fomyula ingezantsi:
CEllw= C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni +Cu)/15
Iipropati zoomatshini ze-API 5L X52
Iipropati zokuThatha
Uvavanyo lokuxinana lulinganisa iiparameter ezintathu ezibalulekileyo:unikeze Amandla, tensile strengthkunyeubude.
Iipropati zokuThatha zePSL1 X52
Iipropati zokuThatha zePSL2 X52
Phawula: Ukwandiswa okuncinci okuchaziweyo, Afkuya kugqitywa kusetyenziswa le equation ilandelayo:
Af= C × (Axc0.2/U0.9)
Cyi-1940 yokubala kusetyenziswa iiyunithi ze-SI kunye ne-625,000 yokubala kusetyenziswa iiyunithi ze-USC;
Axc yindawo enqamlezileyo yesiqwenga sovavanyo esithambileyo, echazwe ngeemilimitha zesikwere (ii-intshi zesikwere), ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
1) kwiziqwenga zovavanyo ezijikelezayo, eziyi-130 mm2(0.20 in.2) kwiingcezu zovavanyo ezibubanzi obuyi-12.7 mm (0.500 in.) kunye ne-8.9 mm (0.350 in.); 65 mm2(0.10 intshi.)2) kwiziqwenga zovavanyo ezinobubanzi obuyi-6.4 mm (0.250 in.);
2) kwiziqwenga zovavanyo ezipheleleyo, ngaphantsi kwe-a) 485 mm2(0.75 intshi.)2) kunye b) nendawo enqamlezileyo yesixhobo sovavanyo, u-T ofunyenwe kusetyenziswa ububanzi obuchaziweyo bangaphandle kunye nobukhulu bodonga obuchaziweyo bombhobho, ojikelezwe ukuya kwi-10 mm ekufutshane2(0.01 intshi.2);
3) kwiziqwenga zovavanyo lwemicu, ngaphantsi kwe-a) 485 mm2(0.75 intshi.)2) kunye b) nendawo enqamlezileyo yesixhobo sovavanyo, ethathwe kusetyenziswa ububanzi obuchaziweyo besixhobo sovavanyo kunye nobukhulu bodonga obuchaziweyo bombhobho, ejikelezwe ukuya kwi-10 mm ekufutshane2(0.01 intshi.2);
Ungamandla okutsalwa aphantsi akhankanyiweyo, abonakaliswa kwii-megapascals (iiponti nge-intshi yesikwere).
Ezinye Iimvavanyo Zoomatshini
Le nkqubo yovavanyo ilandelayo isebenza kwiIintlobo zemibhobho ye-SAW. Ngezinye iintlobo zemibhobho, jonga iiTheyibhile 17 kunye ne-18 ze-API 5L.
Uvavanyo lokugoba lwesikhokelo sokuwelda;
Uvavanyo lobunzima bombhobho odibeneyo owenziwe ngobandayo;
Ukuhlolwa okukhulu komthungo odibeneyo;
kwaye kuphela kwipayipi yentsimbi yePSL2: uvavanyo lwempembelelo yeCVN kunye novavanyo lwe-DWT.
Uvavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic
Ixesha lovavanyo
Zonke iisayizi zeetyhubhu zentsimbi ezingenamthungo nezidibeneyo ezine-D ≤ 457 mm (18 in.):ixesha lovavanyo ≥ imizuzwana emi-5;
Umbhobho wentsimbi edibeneyo D > 457 mm (18 in.):ixesha lovavanyo ≥ 10s.
Uvavanyo lwexesha eliphindaphindwayo
Umbhobho ngamnye wentsimbi.
Uxinzelelo lovavanyo
Uxinzelelo lovavanyo lwe-hydrostatic P lwe-aumbhobho wentsimbi ocacileyoinokubalwa ngokusebenzisa ifomula.
P = 2St/D
Syingcinezelo ye-hoop. ixabiso lilingana namandla aphantsi okukhupha i-xa yepesenti yombhobho wentsimbi, kwi-MPa (psi);
tbubukhulu bodonga obuchaziweyo, obuchazwa ngeemilimitha (ii-intshi);
Dyi-diameter ekhankanyiweyo yangaphandle, echazwa ngeemilimitha (ii-intshi).
Uhlolo Olungonakalisiyo
Kwiityhubhu ze-SAW, iindlela ezimbini,UT(uvavanyo lwe-ultrasonic) okanyeRT(uvavanyo lwe-radiographic), zihlala zisetyenziswa.
ET(uvavanyo lwe-electromagnetic) alusebenzi kwiityhubhu ze-SAW.
Iiseams ezidityanisiweyo kwiipayipi ezidityanisiweyo zemigangatho ≥ L210/A kunye nobubanzi ≥ 60.3 mm (2.375 in) mazihlolwe ngaphandle kokutshatyalaliswa ubukhulu kunye nobude obupheleleyo (100%) njengoko kuchaziwe.
Uvavanyo lwe-UT olungonakalisiyo
Uvavanyo lwe-RT olungonakalisiyo
Ubungakanani Bokubanda kunye Nokwanda Kokubanda
Ubungakanani bento ebandayo kunye nokwandiswa kwento ebandayo ziindlela ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zokucubungula ezisetyenziswa ekuveliseni iityhubhu ze-LSAW ukuqinisekisa ukuba iityhubhu zifikelela kubukhulu obuchanekileyo kunye neempawu zoomatshini. Zombini iinkqubo ziinkqubo zokusebenza ezibandayo, apho imo kunye nobukhulu betyhubhu kulungiswa kubushushu begumbi.
Umlinganiselo wobungakananiukwandiswa okubandayoiityhubhu aziyi kuba ngaphantsi kwe-0.003 kwaye aziyi kuba ngaphezulu kwe-0.015.
Izinga lobungakananiubungakanani obubandayoUmbhobho wentsimbi awufanele ube ngaphezu kwe-0.015, ngaphandle kwakwiimeko ezilandelayo:
a) Umbhobho emva koko uyalungiswa okanye ucinywe kwaye uqiniswe;
b) Lonke ityhubhu yentsimbi ebandayo iyancipha emva koko.
Cacisa Ububanzi Bangaphandle kunye Nobukhulu Bodonga
Amaxabiso amiselweyo eedayamitha zangaphandle ezichaziweyo kunye nobukhulu bodonga obuchaziweyo bombhobho wentsimbi anikwe kwiI-ISO 4200kwayeI-ASME B36.10M.
Ukunyamezelana Okunemilinganiselo
Nceda ucofe ifonti eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekunene ukuze ubone ukunyamezelana okulinganayo, iimfuno zidweliswe kuI-API 5L Ibanga Bukuze ufumane iinkcukacha.
Usetyenziso lwe-API 5L X52
Umbhobho wentsimbi we-API 5L X52 usetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ngenxa yeempawu zawo ezibalaseleyo zoomatshini kunye nokukwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezintsonkothileyo.
Ukuthuthwa kweoyile negesi: Le yenye yezona zicelo zixhaphakileyo ze-API 5L X52. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiipayipi zothutho lweoyile negesi eziya kude, ingakumbi xa kukho uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwangaphakathi.
Ulwakhiwo kunye neziseko zophuhliso: Ingasetyenziselwa ukwakha izakhiwo ezixhasa iibhulorho nezakhiwo. Ingasetyenziselwa nokwenza iibraces okanye ezinye izakhiwo ezithwala imithwalo, ingakumbi apho kufuneka khona ubude obude okanye amandla aphezulu okuthwala imithwalo.
Imibhobho engaphantsi kolwandle: Iiprojekthi zemibhobho yangaphantsi kolwandle zifuna kakhulu imibhobho enganyangekiyo nokugqwala kwaye enamandla aphezulu, kwaye i-API 5L X52 igqwesile kule nkalo. Iyamelana namanzi olwandle kwaye igcina ukuthembeka nokusebenza kombhobho, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ilungele ukudityaniswa nemithombo yeoyile negesi engaselunxwemeni.
Uluhlu lwethu lwezinto esizibonelelayo
Umgangatho: API 5L;
I-PSL1: X52 okanye i-L360;
I-PSL2: X52N, X52Q, X52M okanye i-L360N, L360Q, L360M;
Uhlobo lwePipe: Ipayipi yentsimbi yeCarbon eWelded;
Inkqubo yoMveliso: LSAW, SAWL okanye DSAW;
Ububanzi obungaphandle: 350 – 1500;
Ubukhulu bodonga: 8 - 80mm;
Ubude: Ubude obuqikelelweyo okanye ubude obungacwangciswanga;
Iishedyuli zeMibhobho: SCH10, SCH20, SCH30, SCH40, SCH60, SCH80, SCH100, SCH120, SCH140 kunye neSCH160.
Ukuchongwa: I-STD, i-XS, i-XXS;
Ukwaleka: Ipeyinti, ivanishi, i-3LPE, i-FBE, i-3LPP, i-HDPE, i-galvanized, i-epoxy zinc eninzi, ine-samente elinganisiweyo, njl.
Ukupakisha: Ilaphu elingangeni manzi, ityesi yomthi, ibhanti yentsimbi okanye intambo yentsimbi, isikhuseli sombhobho weplastiki okanye wesinyithi, njl. Yenzelwe wena.
Iimveliso ezihambelanayo: Iigoba, iiflange, izixhobo zombhobho, kunye nezinye iimveliso ezihambelanayo ziyafumaneka.
