ASTM A335 P11Phaephe ea tšepe ke phaephe ea tšepe ea ferritic e se nang mohele e tlaase bakeng sa tšebeletso ea mocheso o phahameng, e nang le lebitso la UNS K11597.
P11 ke motsoako oa chromium-molybdenum o nang le chromium ea 1.00-1.50% le molybdenum ea 0.44-0.65%.
E sebelisoa hangata ho li-boiler, li-superheater le li-heat exchanger liteisheneng tsa motlakase le lifemeng tsa lik'hemik'hale.
Litlhoko tsa tekheniki tsaASME SA335leASTM A335lia tšoana, kahoo bakeng sa ho nolofatsa tlhahiso, re tla sebelisa "ASTM A335" ho bua ka maemo ana a mabeli.
Thepal: ASTM A335 P11 phaephe ea tšepe e se nang mohele;
OD: 1/8"- 24";
WT: ho latelaASME B36.10ditlhoko;
Kemiso: SCH10, SCH20, SCH30,SCH40, SCH60,SCH80, SCH100, SCH120, SCH140 le SCH160;
Boitsebiso: STD, XS, XXS;
Ho iketsetsa: Boholo ba liphaephe tse sa tloaelehang le bona boa fumaneha, boholo bo ikhethileng boa fumaneha ha ho kopuoa;
Bolelele: Bolelele bo itseng le bo sa reroang;
Setifikeiti sa IBR: Re ka ikopanya le mokhatlo oa tlhahlobo oa motho oa boraro ho fumana setifikeiti sa IBR ho latela litlhoko tsa hau, mekhatlo ea rona ea tlhahlobo ea tšebelisano-'moho ke BV, SGS, TUV, jj.;
QETA: Qetello e bataletseng, e betlotsoeng, kapa pheletso ea phaephe e kopaneng;
Bokaholimo: Phaephe e bobebe, pente, le tshireletso e 'ngoe ea nakoana, ho tlosa le ho bentša mafome, ho maneha ka galvanized le polasetiki, le tshireletso e 'ngoe ea nako e telele;
Ho paka: Nyeoe ea lepolanka, lebanta la tšepe kapa terata ea tšepe, tšireletso ea pheletso ea phaephe ea polasetiki kapa ea tšepe, jj.
Ntle le ha ho boletsoe ka tsela e 'ngoe ho A335, thepa e fanoeng tlas'a tlhaloso ena e tla latela litlhoko tse sebetsang tsa khatiso ea hona joale ea TlhalosoA999/A999M.
Phaephe ea tšepe ea ASTM A335 e lokela ho baseamlessLipeipi tsa tšepe tse se nang mohele li fana ka ts'epo e kholo le ho tšoana ha li le tlas'a khatello e phahameng le maemo a mocheso.
E se nang seamless e ka aroloa ka ho khetheha e le e huloang ka mokhoa o batang le e phethiloeng ka mokhoa o chesang, ho latela ts'ebeliso le boholo bo itseng.
Ho taka ka serame hangata ho sebelisoa bakeng sa bophara bo bonyenyane kapa bakeng sa lipeipi tse hlokang ho nepahala ho hoholo le boleng bo botle ba bokaholimo. Qetello e chesang hangata e sebelisoa ho hlahisa lipeipi tse kholo tsa tšepe tse otlolohileng le tse teteaneng.
Ka tlase ke chate ea phallo ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea phaephe ea tšepe e se nang sekoli e phethiloeng ka mocheso.
Kalafo ea mocheso ea thepa ea P11 e ka ba ho tlatsa kapa ho futhumatsa ka mokhoa o sa fetoheng mochesong kapa ho e futhumatsa ka mor'a ho e lokisa, 'me ha e etsoa ka mokhoa o sa fetoheng le ho e futhumatsa, mocheso oa ho futhumatsa o lokela ho ba bonyane 1200°F (650°C).
Ho latela metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale, re ka bona habonolo horeP11 ke motsoako oa chromium-molybdenum.
Litšepe tse kopantsoeng tsa Chromium-molybdenum ke sehlopha sa litšepe tse nang le chromium (Cr) le molybdenum (Mo) e le likarolo tse ka sehloohong tsa ho kopanya. Ho eketsoa ha likarolo tsena ho eketsa matla, ho thatafala, ho hanyetsa ho tsofala le ho hanyetsa ho bola ha tšepe haholo. Maemong a mocheso o phahameng, litšepe tse kopantsoeng tsa Cr-Mo li khona ho boloka thepa e ntle ea mechini le sebopeho se tsitsitseng.
Cr: e ntlafatsa khanyetso ea oxidation le khanyetso ea mafome ea motsoako, e thusa ho theha filimi e matla ea oxide, 'me e sireletsa thepa ho tsoa mecheng ea litaba e senyang.
Mo: E eketsa matla a motsoako, haholo-holo mochesong o phahameng, e ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa ho thekesela, 'me e eketsa matla a mocheso o phahameng oa thepa.
1. Thepa e Tenyetsehang
Teko ea ho tsitlella e sebelisoa hangata ho lekanyamatla a tlhahiso, matla a tšepelebolelelen ea lenaneo la liteko tsa phala ea tšepe, 'me e sebelisoa haholo litšobotsing tsa thepa ea teko.
ATafole ea 5 e fana ka boleng bo tlase bo baliloeng.
Moo botenya ba lebota bo leng pakeng tsa boleng bo peli bo kaholimo, boleng bo tlase ba ho lelefatsa bo khethoa ke foromo e latelang:
Longitudinal, P11: E = 48t + 15.00 [E = 1.87t + 15.00]
Ho potoloha, P11: E = 32t + 15.00 [E = 1.25t + 15.00]
moo:
E = ho lelefala ka lisenthimithara tse 2 kapa 50 mm, %,
t = botenya ba sebele ba mehlala, ka hare ho. [mm].
2. Bothata
Phaephe ea sehlopha sa P11 ha e hloke liteko tsa ho thatafala.
Boleng ba ho thatafala ha referense bo fanoe ka tlase.
Boemo bo annealed:
Hangata boima bo pakeng tsa 150 le 200 HB.
Boemo bo tloaelehileng le bo halefileng:
Boima ba 'mele bo tloha ho hoo e ka bang 170 ho isa ho 220 HB.
Boemo bo thatafetseng le bo halefileng:
Ho thatafala ho ka fihla ho 250 ho isa ho 300 HB kapa ho feta, ho latela mocheso le nako ea ho futhumatsa.
3. Mananeo a Teko a Ikgethileng
Lintho tse latelang tsa teko ha se lintho tsa teko tse hlokahalang, haeba ho hlokahala li ka fumanoa ka lipuisano.
Tlhahlobo ea Sehlahisoa
Teko ea ho Batalatsa
Teko ea Kobeha
Liteko tsa Sebopeho sa Tšepe le ho Cheka
Lifotokarokerafo
Lifoto tsa micrograph bakeng sa Likotoana ka Bongata
Teko ea hydrotest ea P11 e tla latela litlhoko tse latelang.
Bophara ba kantle ＞10in. [250mm] le botenya ba lebota ≤ 0.75in. [19mm]: ena e lokela ho ba teko ea hydrostatic.
Boholo bo bong bakeng sa liteko tsa motlakase tse sa senyeheng.
Litlhoko tse latelang tsa teko ea hydrostatic li bokelletsoe ho tsoa litlhokong tsa ASTM A999:
Bakeng sa tšepe ea ferritic alloy le lipeipi tsa tšepe e sa hloekang, lebota le tlas'a khatello ea bonyane60% ea matla a bonyane a tlhahiso a boletsoeng.
Khatello ea teko ea metsi e lokela ho bolokoa bonyane 5sntle le ho dutla kapa diphoso tse ding.
Khatello ea haeterolikie ka baloa ho sebelisoa foromo:
P = 2St/D
P= kgatello ya teko ya hydrostatic ho psi [MPa];
S = khatello ea lebota la phaephe ho psi kapa [MPa];
t = botenya ba lebota bo boletsoeng, botenya ba lebota bo boletsoeng ho latela nomoro ea kemiso ea ANSI e boletsoeng kapa makhetlo a 1.143 a botenya ba lebota bo boletsoeng, ka hare ho. [mm];
D = bophara bo boletsoeng kantle, bophara ba kantle bo tsamaellanang le boholo ba phaephe e boletsoeng ea ANSI, kapa bophara ba kantle bo baloang ka ho eketsa 2t (joalokaha ho hlalositsoe kaholimo) ho bophara bo boletsoeng kahare, ka hare. [mm].
Phaephe e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e tla hlahlojoa ka mokhoa oa tlhahlobo o sa senyeheng ho latela MokhoaE213, ItloaetseE309, kapa BoitlhakisoE570.
Liphetoho tse Lumellehang ka Bophara
Bakeng sa phaephe e laetsoeng hobophara ba kahare, bophara ba kahare ha boa lokela ho fapana ho feta ±1% ho tloha bophara bo boletsoeng ba kahare.
Ho kenya liphaephe ka har'a liphaephe ho laetsoe ka hareNPS [DN] kapa bophara ba kantleha ea lokela ho fapana ka bophara ba kantle ho feta bo boletsoeng litafoleng tse ka tlase.
Liphetoho tse Lumellehang tsa Botenya ba Lebota
Litekanyo tsa botenya ba lebota li tla etsoa ho sebelisoa li-caliper tsa mechini kapa lisebelisoa tsa liteko tse sa senyeheng tse lekantsoeng hantle tse nepahetseng. Haeba ho ka ba le qabang, tekanyo e fumanoeng ho sebelisoa li-caliper tsa mechini e tla sebetsa.
Botenya bo fokolang ba lebota le bophara ba kantle bakeng sa tlhahlobo bakeng sa ho latela tlhoko ena bakeng sa phaephe e laetsoeng ke NPS [DN] le nomoro ea kemiso li bontšitsoe hoASME B36.10M.
Hangata e sebelisoa ho li-boiler, li-superheater, le li-heat exchanger liteisheneng tsa motlakase le lifemeng tsa lik'hemik'hale.
Liboiler: P11 e sebelisoa haholo kahong ea liboiler ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa mocheso le khatello e phahameng, haholo-holo likarolong tse tlas'a mocheso le khatello e feteletseng.
Sefuthumatsi se matla: E sebelisoa ho eketsa mocheso oa mouoane ho ntlafatsa katleho ea mocheso haholoanyane. p11 e netefatsa hore matla le ho tšoarella ha thepa lia bolokoa esita le mochesong o phahameng.
Li-exchange tsa mocheso: P11 e ntlafatsa ts'enyeho le khanyetso e phahameng ea li-heat exchanger, ka hona e ntlafatsa ts'epo le polokeho ea lisebelisoa.
Mekhoa ea liphaephe: Litsamaiso tsa liphaephe lifemeng tsa lik'hemik'hale hangata li hloka ho tsamaisa maro a mocheso o phahameng kapa mouoane. Matla a mocheso o phahameng le thepa e ntle ea mechini ea P11 li etsa hore e be e loketseng lits'ebetso tsena.
a) ASTM A335 P11 e lekana le eng?
GB/T 5310: 12CrMo;
DIN 17175: 10CrMo9-10 (1.7380);
EN 10216-2: 10CrMo9-10;
BS 3604: 10CrMo9-10;
JIS G3462: STPA23;
GOST 550-75: 12Kh1MF.
b)Na P11 ke tšepe e nang le motsoako o tlase?
E, P11 ke tšepe e nang le motsoako o tlase.
Tšepe e kopantsoeng e tlase ke motsoako oa tšepe-khabone oo ho oona ho ekelitsoeng karolo e le 'ngoe kapa tse ngata tsa ho kopanya (mohlala, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, jj.), ka kakaretso ea karolo ea ho kopanya e tlohang ho 1 ho isa ho 5%.
c)Matla a ho thapolla a ASTM A335 P11 ke afe?
Matla a fokolang a ho thapolla a 415 MPa [60 ksi].
d)Matla a tlhahiso a ASTM A335 P11 ke afe?
Matla a fokolang a ho thapolla a 205 MPa [30 ksi].
e) Moeli oa mocheso oa ASTM A335 P11 ke ofe?
Libakeng tse etsang hore oxidize: Hangata mocheso o phahameng oa tšebeletso o ka ba 593°C (1100°F).
Libakeng tse sa qhibilihiseng moea: mocheso o phahameng ka ho fetisisa oa tšebeletso oa hoo e ka bang 650°C (1200°F) o ka finyelloa.
f)Na A335 P11 ke makenete?
E na le makenete mochesong oa kamore. Thepa ena e ka ba molemo lits'ebetsong tse itseng, joalo ka ha thepa e hlokahala hore e tsamaisane le lisebelisoa tsa ho lemoha makenete.
g)Theko ea ASTM A335 P11 ke bokae?
Litheko lia fapana ho ea ka 'maraka, ikopanye le rona bakeng sa khotheishene e nepahetseng.
