ASTM A214 steel tube ke carbon steel tube e tjheseditsweng ka motlakase e hanelang ho sebediswa ho di-heat exchanger, di-condenser, le disebediswa tse tshwanang tsa phetisetso ya mocheso. Hangata e sebediswa ho steel tube e nang le bophara ba kantle bo sa feteng 3in [76.2mm].
Boholo ba liphaephe tsa tšepe tse sebetsang hangata keha e kholo ho feta 3in [76.2mm].
Mefuta e meng ea phaephe ea tšepe ea ERW e ka fanoa, ha feela phaephe e joalo e fihlela litlhoko tse ling tsohle tsa tlhaloso ena.
Thepa e fanoeng tlas'a tlhaloso ena e tla latela litlhoko tse sebetsang tsa khatiso ea hona joale ea Tlhaloso A450/A450M. ntle le haeba ho fanoe ka tsela e 'ngoe mona.
Liphaephe li tla etsoa keho tjheseletsa ho hanyetsa motlakase (ERW).
Ka lebaka la litšenyehelo tsa eona tse tlase tsa tlhahiso, ho nepahala ha eona ho phahameng, matla le ho tšoarella ho hoholo, le ho tenyetseha ha moralo, phaephe ea tšepe ea ERW e fetohile thepa e ratoang bakeng sa mefuta e mengata ea litsamaiso tsa liphaephe tsa indasteri, boenjiniere ba meaho, le merero e fapaneng ea meralo ea motheo.
Kamora ho tjheseletsa, diphaephe tsohle di tla futhumatswa mochesong wa 1650°F [900°] kapa ho feta mme di latelwe ke ho phodisa moyeng kapa ka phapusing ya ho phodisa ya onto ya sepakapaka e laolwang.
Liphaephe tse huloang ka serame li lokela ho phekoloa ka mocheso ka mor'a hore ho huloa ha serame ho fete mochesong oa 650°C kapa ho feta.
| C(Khabone) | Mn(Manganese) | P(Fosforase) | S(Sebabole) |
| palo e kahodimodimo 0.18% | 0.27-0.63 | palo e kahodimodimo 0.035% | palo e kahodimodimo 0.035% |
Ha ho dumellwe ho fana ka mekgahlelo ya tshepe ya alloy e hlokang ka ho kgetheha ho eketswa ha ntho efe kapa efe ntle le tse thathamisitsweng.
Litlhoko tsa mechine ha li sebetse ho liphaephe tse nang le bophara ba kahare bo ka tlase ho 0.126 in [3.2 mm] kapa botenya bo ka tlase ho 0.015 in [0.4 mm].
Thepa e Tenyetsehang
Ha ho na litlhoko tse tobileng tsa thepa ea ho thaepa ho ASTM A214.
Lebaka ke hobane ASTM A214 e sebediswa haholoholo bakeng sa di-heat exchanger le di-condenser. Moralo le tshebetso ya disebediswa tsena hangata ha di behe kgatello e phahameng hodima tube. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, tlhokomelo e eketsehileng e lebiswa bokgoning ba tube ba ho mamella kgatello, thepa ya yona ya phetisetso ya mocheso, le ho hanyetsa ha yona mafome.
Teko ea ho Batalatsa
Bakeng sa phaephe e welletsoeng, bolelele ba karolo ea teko bo hlokahalang ha bo ka tlase ho 4 in (100 mm).
Teko e entsoe ka mehato e 'meli:
Mohato oa pele ke teko ea ductility, bokaholimo bo ka hare kapa bo ka ntle ba phaephe ea tšepe, ho ke ke ha e-ba le mapetso kapa likheo ho fihlela sebaka se pakeng tsa lipoleiti se le ka tlase ho boleng ba H bo baloang ho latela foromo e latelang.
H=(1+e)t/(e+t/D)
H= sebaka se pakeng tsa lipoleiti tse bataletseng, ka hare ho. [mm],
t= botenya ba lebota bo boletsoeng ba tube, ka hare ho [mm],
D= bophara bo boletsoeng ka ntle ba tube, ka hare ho. [mm],
e= 0.09 (phetoho ka bolelele ba yuniti)(0.09 bakeng sa tšepe e nang le khabone e tlase (khabone e boletsoeng ka ho fetisisa ke 0.18% kapa ka tlase ho moo)).
Mohato oa bobeli ke teko ea botšepehi, e tla tswela pele ho batalatswa ho fihlela sampole e robeha kapa mabota a phaephe a kopana. Nakong yohle ya teko ya ho batalatsa, haeba thepa e laminated kapa e sa lokang e fumanwa, kapa haeba weld e sa fella, e tla hanelwa.
Teko ea Flange
Karolo ea phaephe e tlameha ho khona ho hokelloa sebakeng se ka lehlakoreng le letona ho ea 'meleng oa phaephe ntle le ho petsoha kapa ho se phethahale ho ka haneloang tlas'a lipehelo tsa tlhaloso ea sehlahisoa.
Bophara ba flange bakeng sa tšepe tsa carbon le alloy ha ea lokela ho ba ka tlase ho liphesente.
| Bophara ba Kantle | Bophara ba Flange |
| Ho fihlela ho 2½in[63.5mm], ho kenyeletsoa | 15% ea OD |
| Ho feta 2½ ho isa ho 3¾ [63.5 ho isa ho 95.2], ho kenyeletsoa | 12.5% ea OD |
| Ho feta 3¾ ho isa ho 8 [95.2 ho isa ho 203.2], ho kenyeletsoa | 15% ea OD |
Teko ea ho Fokotsa Boea
Bolelele ba payipi e tjheseditsweng e qetilweng ya lisenthimithara tse 100 ka boholo bo fihlang ho ½ in. [12.7 mm] ka bophara ba kantle bo tla arolwa ka bolelele ba 90° ka lehlakoreng le leng le le leng la tjheseletso mme sampole e bulwe mme e batalatswe ka tjheseletso ntlheng ya ho kobeha ho hoholo.
Ho ke ke ha e-ba le bopaki ba hore mapetso ha a kenelle kapa ho kopana ho bakoang ke ho tlosoa ha flash ka har'a weld.
Teko ea ho tiea
Bothata ba phaephe bo ke ke ba feta72 HRBW.
Bakeng sa lipeipi tse bophara ba lebota ba 0.200 in [5.1 mm] le ho feta, ho tla sebelisoa teko ea ho thatafala ha Brinell kapa Rockwell.
Teko ea motlakase e etsoang ka metsi kapa e sa senyeheng e etsoa phaepheng e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea tšepe.
Teko ea Hydrostatic
Theboleng bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa ba khatelloe lokela ho bolokoa bonyane metsotso e 5 ntle le ho dutla.
Khatello e tlase ka ho fetisisa ea teko ea hydrostatic e amana le bophara ba ka ntle le botenya ba lebota la phaephe. E ka baloa ka foromo.
Diyuniti tsa Inch-Pound: P = 32000 t/DorDiyuniti tsa SI: P = 220.6 t/D
P= khatello ea teko ea hydrostatic, psi kapa MPa,
t= botenya ba lebota bo boletsoeng, ka hare kapa ka mm,
D= bophara bo boletsoeng ka ntle, ka hare kapa mm.
Khatello e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea liteko, ho latela ditlhoko tse ka tlase.
| Bophara ba Kantle ba Tube | Khatello ea Teko ea Hydrostatic, psi [MPa] | |
| OD <1 ka hare | OD <25.4 mm | 1000 [7] |
| 1≤ OD ＜1½ in | 25.4≤ OD ±38.1 mm | 1500 [10] |
| 1½≤ OD ＜2 in | 38.≤ OD ±50.8 mm | 2000 [14] |
| 2≤ OD ＜3 in | 50.8≤ OD ＜76.2 mm | 2500 [17] |
| 3≤ OD ＜5 in | 76.2≤ OD ＜127 mm | 3500 [24] |
| OD ≥5 in | OD ≥127 mm | 4500 [31] |
Teko ea Motlakase e sa Senyeheng
Phaephe ka 'ngoe e tla hlahlojoa ka mekhoa ea liteko e sa senyeheng ho latela Tlhaloso E213, Tlhaloso E309 (lisebelisoa tsa ferromagnetic), Tlhaloso E426 (lisebelisoa tse seng tsa makenete), kapa Tlhaloso E570.
Lintlha tse latelang li nkiloe ho ASTM A450 'me li fihlela litlhoko tse amehang bakeng sa phaephe ea tšepe e bōpehileng joaloka welded feela.
Ho kheloha ha boima ba 'mele
0 - +10%, ha ho na ho kheloha ho theohelang.
Boima ba phaephe ea tšepe bo ka baloa ka mokhoa o latelang.
W = C(Dt)t
W= boima, Ib/ft [kg/m],
C= 10.69 bakeng sa Diyuniti tsa Inch [0.0246615 bakeng sa Diyuniti tsa SI],
D= bophara bo boletsoeng ka ntle, ka hare ho. [mm],
t= bonyane ba botenya ba lebota bo boletsoeng, ka hare ho. [mm].
Ho kheloha ha botenya ba lebota
0 - +18%.
Phapang ea botenya ba lebota la karolo efe kapa efe e le 'ngoe ea phaephe ea tšepe ea 0.220 ka [5.6 mm] le ho feta ha ea lokela ho feta ± 5% ea karolelano ea 'nete ea botenya ba lebota la karolo eo.
Botenya ba lebota bo tloaelehileng ke karolelano ea botenya ba lebota bo teteaneng le bo bobebe ka ho fetisisa karolong eo.
Ho kheloha ha bophara ba kantle
| Bophara ba Kantle | Mefuta e Lumelloang | ||
| in | mm | in | mm |
| OD ≤1 | OD ≤ 25.4 | ± 0.004 | ± 0.1 |
| 1＜ OD ≤1½ | 25.4＜ OD ≤38.4 | ± 0.006 | ± 0.15 |
| 1½＜ OD ＜2 | 38.1＜ OD ＜50.8 | ± 0.008 | ± 0.2 |
| 2≤ OD ＜2½ | 50.8≤ OD ＜63.5 | ± 0.010 | ± 0.25 |
| 2½≤ OD ＜3 | 63.5≤ OD ±76.2 | ± 0.012 | ± 0.30 |
| 3≤ OD ≤4 | 76.2≤ OD ≤101.6 | ± 0.015 | ± 0.38 |
| 4＜ OD ≤7½ | 101.6＜ OD ≤190.5 | -0.025 - +0.015 | -0.64 - +0.038 |
| 7½＜ OD ≤9 | 190.5＜ OD ≤228.6 | -0.045 - +0.015 | -1.14 - +0.038 |
Litlolo tse felileng ha lia lokela ho ba le sekala. Tekanyo e nyane ea oxidation ha ea lokela ho nkoa e le sekala.
Phaephe ka 'ngoe e lokela ho ngoloa ka ho hlaka kalebitso kapa lets'oao la moetsi, nomoro ea litlhaloso, le ERW.
Lebitso kapa letšoao la moetsi le ka beoa ka ho sa feleng holim'a phaephe ka 'ngoe ka ho e phutholla kapa ho e hatakela hanyane pele e fetoha e tloaelehileng.
Haeba setempe se le seng se beoa holim'a tube ka letsoho, letšoao lena ha lea lokela ho ba ka tlase ho lisenthimithara tse 200 ho tloha pheletsong e 'ngoe ea tube.
Ho hanyetsa mocheso le likhatello tse phahameng: Bokhoni ba ho mamella mocheso o phahameng le likhatello ke thepa ea bohlokoa haholo litsamaisong tsa phapanyetsano ea mocheso.
Ho tsamaisa mocheso hantle: Thepa le ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea tube ena ea tšepe li netefatsa ho tsamaisoa ha mocheso hantle bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse hlokang phapanyetsano e sebetsang hantle ea mocheso.
Ho tjheseletsa: Molemo o mong ke hore li ka hokahanngoa hantle ka ho tjheseletsa, e leng se etsang hore ho kenya le ho hlokomela li be bonolo.
E sebelisoa haholo-holo ho li-heat exchanger, li-condenser, le lisebelisoa tse tšoanang tsa phetisetso ea mocheso.
1. Li-exchange tsa mocheso: Mekhoeng e fapaneng ea indasteri, li-heat exchanger li sebelisoa ho fetisetsa matla a mocheso ho tloha mokelikeling o mong (mokelikeli kapa khase) ho ea ho o mong ntle le ho li lumella ho kopana ka kotloloho. Li-tube tsa tšepe tsa ASTM A214 li sebelisoa haholo mofuteng ona oa lisebelisoa hobane li ka mamella mocheso o phahameng le likhatello tse ka hlahang ts'ebetsong.
2. Li-condenser: Di-condenser di sebediswa haholoholo bakeng sa ho tlosa mocheso ditshebetsong tsa ho phodisa, mohlala, ditsamaisong tsa sehatsetsing le tsa ho phodisa moya, kapa bakeng sa ho fetola mouoane hore e be metsi diteisheneng tsa motlakase. Di sebediswa ditsamaisong tsena ka lebaka la ho tsamaisa mocheso hantle le matla a tsona a mechini.
3. Lisebelisoa tsa phapanyetsano ea mocheso: Mofuta ona oa phala ea tšepe o boetse o sebelisoa lisebelisoa tse ling tsa phapanyetsano ea mocheso tse tšoanang le li-heat exchanger le li-condenser, tse kang li-evaporator le li-cooler.
ASTM A179: ke sehokelo sa mocheso sa tšepe e bonolo e huloang ka mokhoa o batang le tube ea condenser. Hangata e sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse nang le lits'ebetso tse ts'oanang, joalo ka lihokelo tsa mocheso le lihokelo. Le hoja A179 e sehokelo, e fana ka litšobotsi tse ts'oanang tsa phapanyetsano ea mocheso.
ASTM A178: E koahela liphaephe tsa boiler tsa tšepe tsa carbon tse tjheseletsoeng ka k'habone le carbon-manganese. Liphaephe tsena li sebelisoa liphaepheng tsa boiler le li-superheater, 'me li ka boela tsa sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tsa phapanyetsano ea mocheso tse nang le litlhoko tse tšoanang, haholo-holo moo ho hlokahalang litho tse tjheseletsoeng.
ASTM A192: e koahela lipeipi tsa boiler tsa tšepe ea khabone e se nang sekoli bakeng sa tšebeletso ea khatello e phahameng. Leha lipeipi tsena li reretsoe haholo-holo ho sebelisoa libakeng tse nang le khatello e phahameng le mocheso o phahameng, thepa ea tsona le lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso li etsa hore li lokele ho sebelisoa lisebelisoa tse ling tsa phetisetso ea mocheso tse hlokang khatello e phahameng le ho hanyetsa mocheso.
Re moetsi le mofani oa liphaephe tsa tšepe ea carbon tse lahletsoeng ka welded tsa boleng bo holimo ho tsoa Chaena, hape re morekisi oa liphaephe tsa tšepe tse se nang sekoli, re u fa mefuta e mengata ea litharollo tsa liphaephe tsa tšepe!
Bakeng sa lipotso leha e le life kapa ho ithuta ho eketsehileng ka linyehelo tsa rona, u se ke ua tsilatsila ho ikopanya le rona. Litharollo tsa hau tse ntle tsa liphaephe tsa tšepe li fumaneha feela!
