Birta dhuumaha waa nooc ka mid ah birta loo isticmaalo soo saarista nidaamyada gaadiidka dhuumaha saliidda iyo gaaska. Maadaama ay tahay qalab gaadiid masaafo dheer u ah saliidda iyo gaaska dabiiciga ah, nidaamka dhuumaha wuxuu leeyahay faa'iidooyinka dhaqaalaha, badbaadada iyo kala go 'la'aanta.
Codsiga birta dhuumaha
Birta dhuumahaNoocyada wax soo saarka waxaa ka mid ah tuubooyinka birta ah ee aan kala go 'lahayn iyo tuubooyinka birta ah ee la alxamay, kuwaas oo loo qaybin karo saddex qaybood: meelaha alpine, meelaha baaruuddu ku badan tahay iyo dhigista dhulka badda. Dhuumahan oo leh jawi shaqo oo adag waxay leeyihiin khadad dhaadheer mana fududa in la dayactiro, waxayna leeyihiin shuruudo tayo oo adag.
Caqabadaha badan ee ay la kulmaan birta dhuumaha waxaa ka mid ah: inta badan goobaha saliidda iyo gaaska waxay ku yaalliin gobollada cidhifka ah, barafka, lamadegaanka, iyo meelaha badda, xaaladaha dabiiciga ahna waa kuwo aad u adag; ama si loo horumariyo hufnaanta gaadiidka, dhexroorka dhuumaha ayaa si joogto ah u weynaada, cadaadiska keenistana si joogto ah ayuu u kordhaa.
Sifooyinka Birta Dhuumaha
Laga soo bilaabo qiimaynta dhammaystiran ee isbeddelka horumarinta ee dhuumaha saliidda iyo gaaska, xaaladaha dhigista dhuumaha, qaababka ugu muhiimsan ee cilladaha iyo sababaha cilladaha, birta dhuumaha waa inay lahaataa sifooyin farsamo oo wanaagsan (derbi qaro weyn, xoog sare, adkaysi sare, iska caabin xirasho), waana inay sidoo kale lahaataa dhexroor weyn, Waa inay sidoo kale lahaataa dhexroor weyn, alxan, iska caabin qabow iyo heerkul hooseeya, iska caabin daxalka (CO2), iska caabin biyaha badda iyo HIC, waxqabadka SSCC, iwm.
① Xoog sare
Birta dhuumaha ma aha oo kaliya inay u baahan tahay xoog sare oo jiidis ah iyo xoog wax soo saar, laakiin sidoo kale waxay u baahan tahay saamiga wax soo saarku inuu ahaado inta u dhaxaysa 0.85 ~ 0.93.
② Adkaanta saamaynta sare leh
Adkaanta saamaynta sare leh waxay buuxin kartaa shuruudaha looga hortagayo dildilaaca.
③Heerkulka kala-guurka ee hooseeya ee ductile-brittle
Gobollada adag iyo xaaladaha cimiladu waxay u baahan yihiin birta dhuumaha si ay u yeelato heerkul ku filan oo ductile-brittle ah. Aagga jarista ee DWTT (Tijaabada Jeexitaanka Miisaanka Dhimista) ayaa noqotay tusmada xakamaynta ugu weyn si looga hortago cillad jilicsan oo ku timaadda dhuumaha. Tilmaamaha guud waxay u baahan yihiin in aagga jarista jabka ee muunaddu uu noqdo ≥85% heerkulka ugu hooseeya ee hawlgalka.
④Awood aad u fiican oo loo leeyahay dildilaaca ay keento haydarojiin (HIC) iyo dildilaaca cadaadiska sulfide (SSCC)
⑤ Waxqabadka alxanka wanaagsan
Alxanka wanaagsan ee birta ayaa aad muhiim u ah si loo hubiyo hufnaanta iyo tayada alxanka ee dhuumaha.
Heerarka Birta Tuubooyinka
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, heerarka farsamo ee ugu muhiimsan ee tuubooyinka birta ee gudbinta saliidda iyo gaaska ee loo isticmaalo dalkayga waxaa ka mid ahAPI 5L, DNV-OS-F101, ISO 3183, iyo GB/T 9711, iwm. Xaaladda guud waa sidan soo socota:
① API 5L (qeexidda tuubooyinka khadka) waa qeexitaan si ballaaran loo aqbalay oo ay samaysay Machadka Batroolka Maine.
② DNV-OS-F101 (nidaamka dhuumaha biyaha hoostooda) waa qeexitaan si gaar ah ay u samaysay Det Norske Veritas oo loogu talagalay dhuumaha biyaha hoostooda.
③ ISO 3183 waa halbeeg ay dejisay Hay'adda Caalamiga ah ee Heerarka oo ku saabsan xaaladaha keenista tuubooyinka birta ah ee loogu talagalay gudbinta saliidda iyo gaaska. Heerkani kuma lug laha naqshadeynta iyo rakibidda dhuumaha.
④ Nooca ugu dambeeyay ee GB/T 9711 waa nooca 2017. Noocani wuxuu ku salaysan yahay ISO 3183:2012 iyo API Spec 5L Daabacaadda 45aad. iyadoo lagu saleynayo labadaba. Iyadoo la raacayo labada heer ee la tixraacay, laba heer oo qeexitaan badeecad ah ayaa la cayimay: PSL1 iyo PSL2.PSL1 waxay bixisaa heer tayo caadi ah oo tuubo xariiq ah; PSL2 waxay ku dareysaa shuruudo khasab ah oo ay ku jiraan halabuurka kiimikada, adkaanta heerka, sifooyinka xoogga iyo tijaabada dheeraadka ah ee aan burburin (NDT).
API SPEC 5L iyo ISO 3183 waa qeexitaanno caalami ah oo saameyn ku leh tuubooyinka khadka. Taas bedelkeeda, inta badan shirkadaha saliidda ee adduunka waxay caadaystaan inay qaataanTilmaamaha API SPEC 5L oo ah qeexitaanka aasaasiga ah ee soo iibsiga tuubooyinka birta ah ee dhuumaha.
Macluumaadka dalabka
Qandaraaska dalabka ee birta dhuumaha waa inuu ku jiraa macluumaadka soo socda:
① Tirada (tirada guud ama wadarta guud ee tuubooyinka birta ah);
② Heerka caadiga ah (PSL1 ama PSL2);
③Tuubo bir ahnooca (aan tolnayn amatuubo la alxan, habka alxanka gaarka ah, nooca dhammaadka tuubada);
④Iyada oo ku saleysan heerarka, sida GB/T 9711-2017;
⑤ fasalka birta;
⑥ Dhexroorka dibadda iyo dhumucda derbiga;
⑦ Nooca dhererka iyo dhererka (aan la jarin ama la jarin);
⑧ Go'aami baahida loo qabo in la isticmaalo lifaaqa.
Darajooyinka tuubooyinka birta ah iyo darajooyinka birta ah (GB/T 9711-2017)
| Heerka caadiga ah ee birta | fasalka tuubooyinka birta ah | heerka birta |
| PSL1 | L175 | A25 |
| L175P | A25P | |
| L210 | A | |
| L245 | B | |
| L290 | X42 | |
| L320 | X46 | |
| L360 | X52 | |
| L390 | X56 | |
| L415 | X60 | |
| L450 | X65 | |
| L485 | X70 | |
| PSL2 | L245R | BR |
| L290R | X42R | |
| L245N | BN | |
| L290N | X42N | |
| L320N | X46N | |
| L360N | X52N | |
| L390N | X56N | |
| L415N | X60N | |
| L245Q | BQ | |
| L290Q | X42Q | |
| L320Q | X46Q | |
| L360Q | X52Q | |
| L390Q | X56Q | |
| L415Q | X60Q | |
| L450Q | X65Q | |
| L485Q | X70Q | |
| L555Q | X80Q | |
| L625Q | X90Q | |
| L690Q | X100M | |
| L245M | BM | |
| L290M | X42M | |
| L320M | X46M | |
| L360M | X52M | |
| L390M | X56M | |
| L415M | X60M | |
| L450M | X65M | |
| L485M | X70M | |
| L555M | X80M | |
| L625M | X90M | |
| L690M | X100M | |
| L830M | X120M |
Waqtiga boostada: Jan-30-2023