Waxa loogu yeerotuubo bir ah oo daawaha lehwaa in lagu daro walxo bir ah oo ku salaysan birta kaarboonka, sida Si, Mn, W, V, Ti, Cr, Ni, Mo, iwm., kuwaas oo hagaajin kara xoogga, adkaanta, adkaanta, alxanka, iwm. ee waxqabadka birta. Birta birta ah waxaa loo kala saari karaa iyadoo loo eegayo waxa ku jira walxaha birta ah, wax soo saarka warshadaha iyo nolosha, birta birta ah waxaa loo isticmaali doonaa warshado gaar ah, waana wax caadi ah in loo kala saaro iyadoo loo eegayo ujeeddada.
Kala soocidda iyadoo loo eegayo waxa ku jira walxaha isku-dhafka ah
Bir daawaha oo hooseeya: wadarta guud ee daawaha waa ka yar tahay 5%;
Birta dhexdhexka ah ee daawaha: wadarta guud ee daawaha waa 5 ~ 10%;
Birta daawaha sare leh: wadarta guud ee daawaha ayaa ka badan 10%.
Kala soocidda ujeeddo ahaan
Birta qaab-dhismeedka birta ah: bir qaab-dhismeed oo aan dahaadh lahayn (sidoo kale loo yaqaan birta caadiga ah ee aan dahaadh lahayn); birta kaarburizing-ka ah, birta damisay oo la hagaajiyay, birta guga ee aan dahaadh lahayn; birta kubbadda qaada
Birta qalabka daawaha: birta qalabka jarista daawaha (oo ay ku jiraan birta qalabka jarista daawaha oo hooseeya, birta xawaaraha sare leh); birta daawaha ee daawaha (oo ay ku jiraan birta qabow ee daawaha, birta kulul ee daawaha); birta qalabka cabbiraadda
Birta waxqabadka gaarka ah: birta aan daxalka lahayn, birta kulaylka u adkaysta, birta aan xirashada lahayn, iwm.
Lambarka birta ee daawaha
Bir qaab-dhismeed oo xoog sare leh oo daawaha hooseeya
Magaca summadaheeda waxaa loo kala saaray saddex qaybood: xarafka Shiinaha ee pinyin (Q) oo matalaya barta wax soo saarka, qiimaha xadka wax soo saarka, iyo astaanta heerka tayada (A, B, C, D, E). Tusaale ahaan, Q390A macnaheedu waa bir qaab-dhismeed oo xoog badan oo daawaha hooseeya leh oo leh xoog wax soo saar σs = 390N/mm2 iyo heerka tayada A.
Birta qaab-dhismeedka daawaha
Magaceedu wuxuu ka kooban yahay saddex qaybood: "laba lambar, toban calaamado curiye + tirooyin". Labada lambar ee ugu horreeya waxay matalaan 10,000 oo jeer celceliska jajabka cufka kaarboon ee birta, astaanta curiye waxay tilmaamaysaa walxaha isku-darka ah ee ku jira birta, lambarrada ka dambeeya astaanta curiyena waxay muujinayaan 100 jeer celceliska jajabka cufka ee curiyaha. Marka celceliska jajabka cufka ee curiyeyaasha isku-darka ah uu ka yar yahay 1.5%, guud ahaan curiyeyaasha oo keliya ayaa la tilmaamay laakiin ma aha qiimaha tirooyinka; marka celceliska jajabka cufka uu yahay ≥1.5%, ≥2.5%, ≥3.5%, ..., 2 iyo 3 ayaa si isku mid ah loogu calaamadeeyay gadaasha curiyeyaasha isku-darka ah , 4, . . . Tusaale ahaan, 40Cr waxay leedahay celcelis jajabka cufka kaarboon ee Wc=0.4%, iyo celcelis jajabka cufka chromium ee WCr<1.5%. Haddii ay tahay bir tayo sare leh oo heer sare ah, ku dar "A" dhammaadka darajada. Tusaale ahaan, birta 38CrMoAlA waxay ka tirsan tahay birta qaab-dhismeedka daawaha ee heerka sare ah.
Birta sita oo rogrogmi karta
Ku dar "G" (xarafka ugu horreeya ee pinyin-ka Shiinaha ee ereyga "roll") hortiisa magaca summada, tirada gadaasheedana waxay tilmaamaysaa kun jeer jajabka cufka ee chromium, jajabka cufka ee kaarboonna lama calaamadayn. Tusaale ahaan, birta GCr15 waa bir rogmanaysa oo leh jajab cufka celceliska ah ee chromium WCr = 1.5%. Haddii birta chromium ay ka kooban tahay walxo dahaadh ah oo aan ahayn chromium, habka muujinta walxahan waa la mid ah kan birta qaab-dhismeedka guud ee dahaadh. Biraha duuban ee dahaadh ah dhammaantood waa bir tayo sare leh, laakiin "A" laguma daro ka dib darajada.
Birta qalabka daawaha
Farqiga u dhexeeya habka tirinta ee noocan birta ah iyo birta qaab-dhismeedka birta ah ayaa ah marka Wc <1%, hal god loo isticmaalo in lagu tilmaamo kun jeer jajabka tirada kaarboonka; marka jajabka tirada kaarboonku yahay ≥1%, lama calaamadeeyo. Tusaale ahaan, birta Cr12MoV waxay leedahay jajabka tirada kaarboonka celcelis ahaan ee Wc=1.45% ~1.70%, sidaa darteed lama calaamadeeyo; celceliska jajabka tirada ee Cr waa 12%, jajabyada tirada ee Mo iyo V labaduba waxay ka yar yihiin 1.5%. Tusaale kale waa birta 9SiCr, celceliskeeda Wc=0.9%, celceliska WCr-na waa <1.5%. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, birta qalabka xawaaraha sare leh waa ka reeban, celceliska jajabka tirada kaarboonkana lama calaamadeeyo iyadoon loo eegin inta ay le'eg tahay. Sababtoo ah birta qalabka daawaha iyo birta qalabka xawaaraha sare leh waa bir tayo sare leh, looma baahna in la calaamadeeyo "A" ka dib darajadeeda.
Bir aan miridh lahayn iyo bir u adkaysta kulaylka
Tirada horteeda noocaan ah ee heerka birta waxay muujinaysaa kun jeer jajabka cufka kaarboonka. Tusaale ahaan, birta 3Crl3 waxay la macno tahay in celceliska jajabka cufka Wc = 0.3%, iyo celceliska jajabka cufka WCr = 13%. Marka jajabka cufka ee kaarboon Wc ≤ 0.03% iyo Wc ≤ 0.08%, waxaa lagu tilmaamayaa "00" iyo "0" horteeda astaanta, sida birta 00Cr17Ni14Mo2,0Cr19Ni9, iwm.
Waqtiga boostada: Maarso-13-2023