Simbi yemapaipi imhando yesimbi inoshandiswa kugadzira masisitimu ekufambisa mafuta negasi. Sechishandiso chekufambisa mafuta negasi rechisikigo, sisitimu yemapaipi ine zvakanakira zvekuchengetedza, kuchengetedzeka uye kusagadzikana.
Kushandiswa kwesimbi yemapaipi
Simbi yemapaipiMhando dzezvigadzirwa dzinosanganisira mapaipi esimbi asina musono uye mapaipi esimbi akasungirirwa, anogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: nzvimbo dzemakomo, nzvimbo dzine sarufa yakawanda uye nzvimbo dzakaiswa pasi pegungwa. Mapaipi aya ane nzvimbo yakaoma yekushanda ane mitsetse mirefu uye haasi nyore kugadzirisa, uye ane zvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro.
Matambudziko mazhinji anotarisana nesimbi yemapaipi anosanganisira: minda mizhinji yemafuta negasi iri munzvimbo dzine chando, makomba echando, magwenga, nenzvimbo dzegungwa, uye mamiriro echisikigo akaomarara; kana kuti kuvandudza mashandiro ekufambisa, dhayamita yepaipi inogara ichikura, uye kumanikidzwa kwekutumira kunoramba kuchikwira.
Zvivakwa zveSimbi yePaipi
Kubva pakuongorora kwakazara kwemafambiro ekugadzirwa kwemapaipi emafuta negasi, mamiriro ekuisa mapaipi, nzira huru dzekukundikana uye zvikonzero zvekukundikana, simbi yemapaipi inofanira kunge iine hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika (madziro akakora, simba rakawanda, kusimba kwakanyanya, kuramba kupfeka), uye inofanirawo kunge iine dhayamita yakakura, kugona kusveta, kuramba kutonhora uye kupisa kwakaderera, kuramba ngura (CO2), kuramba mvura yegungwa neHIC, mashandiro eSSCC, nezvimwewo.
①Simba guru
Simbi yemapaipi haingodi chete simba rekudhonza uye simba rekudonha, asiwo inoda kuti chiyero chekudonha chive pakati pe0.85 ~ 0.93.
② Kusimba kwakanyanya
Kusimba kwakanyanya kunogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekudzivirira kutsemuka.
③Kupisa kwekuchinja kwemhepo kwakaderera
Nzvimbo dzakaoma nemamiriro ekunze zvinoda kuti simbi yepombi ive netembiricha yakaderera yekuchinja-chinja. Nzvimbo yekuchekerera yeDWTT (Drop Weight Tear Test) ndiyo yave chiratidzo chikuru chekudzivirira kutadza kuputsika kwemapaipi. Tsanangudzo yakajairika inoda kuti nzvimbo yekuchekerera yakaputsika yemuenzaniso ive ≥85% patembiricha yakaderera yekushanda.
④Kuramba kwakanaka kwazvo kupwanyika kwehydrogen-induced (HIC) uye sulfide stress corrosion (SSCC)
⑤ Kushanda zvakanaka kwewelding
Kugona kupinza simbi zvakanaka kwakakosha zvikuru kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti pombi yacho yakasimba uye ine mhando yekupinza.
Maitiro eSimbi yeMapaipi
Parizvino, mitemo mikuru yehunyanzvi yemapaipi esimbi ekufambisa mafuta negasi anoshandiswa munyika yangu inosanganisiraAPI 5L, DNV-OS-F101, ISO 3183, uye GB/T 9711, nezvimwewo. Mamiriro ezvinhu ese ndeekuti:
① API 5L (line pipe specification) imhando yezvinodiwa nevanhu vakawanda yakagadzirwa neMaine Petroleum Institute.
② DNV-OS-F101 (system yemapaipi epasi pemvura) imhando yemapaipi akagadzirwa zvakananga naDet Norske Veritas emapaipi epasi pemvura.
③ ISO 3183 chiyero chakagadzirwa neInternational Organisation for Standardization pamusoro pemamiriro ekutumira mapaipi esimbi ekufambisa mafuta negasi. Chiyero ichi hachisanganisiri dhizaini nekuiswa kwemapaipi.
④ Shanduro yazvino yeGB/T 9711 ndiyo vhezheni ya2017. Iyi vhezheni yakavakirwa paISO 3183:2012 neAPI Spec 5L 45th Edition. Yakavakirwa pazvose zviri zviviri. Zvichienderana nemiyero miviri yakataurwa, mazinga maviri emhando yechigadzirwa anotsanangurwa: PSL1 nePSL2.PSL1 inopa mwero wemhando yepombi yemutsara; PSL2 inowedzera zvinodiwa zvinosanganisira kuumbwa kwemakemikari, kuomarara kwenotch, hunhu hwesimba uye bvunzo yekuwedzera isingaparadze (NDT).
API SPEC 5L neISO 3183 ndiwo magadzirirwo emapaipi emugero ane simba pasi rose. Kusiyana neizvi, makambani mazhinji emafuta pasi rose akajaira kushandisaMagadzirirwo eAPI SPEC 5L senzira yekutanga yekuwana mapaipi esimbi emapaipi.
Ruzivo rweodha
Chibvumirano cheodha yesimbi yepombi chinofanira kusanganisira ruzivo runotevera:
① Huwandu (huremu hwese kana huwandu hwese hwemapaipi esimbi);
② Danho repamutemo (PSL1 kana PSL2);
③Pombi yesimbimhando (isina musono kanapombi yakasungirirwa, maitiro chaiwo ekuwedera, mhando yepombi);
④Zvichibva pamitemo, yakaita seGB/T 9711-2017;
⑤ giredhi resimbi;
⑥Dhayamita yekunze uye ukobvu hwemadziro;
⑦Kureba uye rudzi rwehurefu (husina kuchekwa kana kuchekwa);
⑧ Sarudza kuti chii chinodiwa pakushandisa appendix.
Magiredhi emapaipi esimbi uye magiredhi esimbi (GB/T 9711-2017)
| simbi yemazinga akajairwa | simbi yesimbi yepipe giredhi | giredhi resimbi |
| PSL1 | L175 | A25 |
| L175P | A25P | |
| L210 | A | |
| L245 | B | |
| L290 | X42 | |
| L320 | X46 | |
| L360 | X52 | |
| L390 | X56 | |
| L415 | X60 | |
| L450 | X65 | |
| L485 | X70 | |
| PSL2 | L245R | BR |
| L290R | X42R | |
| L245N | BN | |
| L290N | X42N | |
| L320N | X46N | |
| L360N | X52N | |
| L390N | X56N | |
| L415N | X60N | |
| L245Q | BQ | |
| L290Q | X42Q | |
| L320Q | X46Q | |
| L360Q | X52Q | |
| L390Q | X56Q | |
| L415Q | X60Q | |
| L450Q | X65Q | |
| L485Q | X70Q | |
| L555Q | X80Q | |
| L625Q | X90Q | |
| L690Q | X100M | |
| L245M | BM | |
| L290M | X42M | |
| L320M | X46M | |
| L360M | X52M | |
| L390M | X56M | |
| L415M | X60M | |
| L450M | X65M | |
| L485M | X70M | |
| L555M | X80M | |
| L625M | X90M | |
| L690M | X100M | |
| L830M | X120M |
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-30-2023