Simbi Isina Kugadzirwa (Simbi Isina Kugadzirwa)ipfupiso yesimbi isingatsvedzeri asidhi, uye mhando dzesimbi dzisingatsvedzeri ngura dzisina simba dzakadai semhepo, utsi, mvura, kana dzine hunhu hwesimbi dzinonzi simbi isingatsvedzeri.
Izwi rokuti "simbi isina ngura"Hazvirevi mhando imwe chete yesimbi isina ngura, asi zvinoreva mhando dzinopfuura zana dzesimbi isina ngura dzemaindasitiri, imwe neimwe ine mashandiro akanaka mumunda wayo chaiwo wekushandiswa.
Dzese dzine 17 kusvika 22% chromium, uye mhando dzesimbi dziri nani dzine nickel. Kuwedzera molybdenum kunogona kuwedzera kuvandudza ngura yemumhepo, kunyanya kuramba ngura mumhepo ine chloride.
一. Kupatsanurwa kwesimbi isina ngura
1. Chii chinonzi simbi isingasvibi uye simbi inodzivirira asidhi?
Mhinduro: Simbi isina ngura ipfupiso yesimbi isingapindi acid, iyo inodzivirira ngura isina simba yakaita semhepo, utsi, mvura, kana ine simbi isingapindi acid. Mhando dzesimbi dzine ngura dzinonzi simbi dzisingapindi acid.
Nekuda kwekusiyana kwemakemikari ari maviri aya, kuramba kwavo ngura kwakasiyana. Simbi isingatsvi kazhinji haitsvi nengura yemakemikari iri pakati nepakati, nepo simbi isingatsvi neasidhi inowanzotsvinda nengura.
2. Ungaisa sei simbi isina ngura muzvikamu?
Mhinduro: Zvichienderana nemamiriro ehurongwa, inogona kukamurwa kuita simbi yemartensitic, simbi yeferritic, simbi yeaustenitic, simbi yeaustenitic-ferritic (duplex) uye simbi yeprecipitation hardening stainless.
(1) Simbi yeMartensitic: yakasimba zvikuru, asi haina kunaka uye haichinjiki zvakanaka.
Mhando dzinowanzo shandiswa dzesimbi isina tsvina yemartensitic steel dzinosanganisira 1Cr13, 3Cr13, nezvimwewo, nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hwekabhoni yakawanda, ine simba rakawanda, kuomarara uye kuramba kupfeka, asi kuramba kwayo ngura kwakaderera zvishoma, uye inoshandiswa pakugadzira michina uye kuramba ngura. Zvimwe zvikamu zvinodiwa, zvakaita semasprings, steam turbine blades, hydraulic press valves, nezvimwewo.
Rudzi urwu rwesimbi runoshandiswa mushure mekudzima nekudzikamisa, uye kudzvanya kunodiwa mushure mekuumba nekutsikisa.
(2) Simbi yeFerritic: 15% kusvika 30% chromium. Kuramba kwayo ngura, kusimba kwayo uye kugona kwayo kusveta kunowedzera nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwechromium, uye kuramba kwayo ngura yekumanikidzwa kwechloride kuri nani pane mamwe marudzi esimbi isina ngura, akadai seCrl7, Cr17Mo2Ti, Cr25, Cr25Mo3Ti, Cr28, nezvimwewo.
Nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hwakawanda hwe chromium, inodzivirira ngura uye inodzivirira oxidation zvakanaka, asi hunhu hwayo hwemakanika uye hunhu hwekushanda kwayo hazvina kunaka. Inonyanya kushandiswa kune zvivakwa zvinodzivirira acid zvisina kusimba zvakanyanya uye sesimbi inodzivirira oxidation.
Rudzi urwu rwesimbi runogona kuramba ngura yemhepo, nitric acid uye munyu, uye rune hunhu hwekudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya uye kuwedzera kwekushisa kudiki. Inoshandiswa mumidziyo ye nitric acid nefekitori yechikafu, uye inogonawo kushandiswa kugadzira zvikamu zvinoshanda pakupisa kwakanyanya, zvakaita sezvikamu zve gas turbine, nezvimwewo.
(3) Simbi yeAustenitic: Ine chromium inopfuura 18%, uye inewo 8% nickel uye molybdenum shoma, titanium, nitrogen nezvimwe zvinhu. Inoshanda zvakanaka, inodzivirira ngura nemidziyo yakasiyana-siyana.
Kazhinji, mushonga wekugadzirisa unoshandiswa, kureva kuti, simbi inopiswa kusvika 1050-1150 ° C, yozotonhodzwa nemvura kana kutonhodzwa nemhepo kuti pave nechimiro che austenite chechikamu chimwe chete.
(4) Simbi isina ngura yeAustenitic-ferritic (duplex): Ine zvakanakira simbi isina ngura yeAustenitic neFerritic, uye ine superplasticity. Austenite neFerrite chimwe nechimwe chinoita hafu yesimbi isina ngura.
Kana paine C yakaderera, Cr iri pakati pe18% kusvika 28%, uye Ni iri pakati pe3% kusvika 10%. Dzimwe simbi dzinewo zvinhu zvakaita seMo, Cu, Si, Nb, Ti, uye N.
Rudzi urwu rwesimbi rune hunhu hwesimbi dzisina ngura dzinonzi austenitic neferritic. Kana ichienzaniswa neferrite, ine hunyoro hwakanyanya uye kusimba, haina ngura yemumba, inodzivirira ngura uye inoshanda zvakanaka pakuwelda, uku ichichengetedza simbi. Simbi isina ngura mumuviri wayo inopfava pa475°C, ine thermal conductivity yakakwira, uye ine hunhu hwesuperplasticity.
Kana ichienzaniswa nesimbi isingatsvedzeri inonzi austenitic stainless steel, ine simba guru uye inodzivirira ngura iri pakati pegranular uye chloride stress corrosion. Simbi isingatsvedzeri ine duplex stainless steel inodzivirira ngura zvakanyanya uye isimbi isingatsvedzeri nickel.
(5) Simbi isingatsvedzeri inosimbisa mvura: matrix yacho ndeye austenite kana martensite, uye mhando dzinowanzo shandiswa dzesimbi isingatsvedzeri inosimbisa mvura ndeye 04Cr13Ni8Mo2Al nezvimwewo. Isimbi isingatsvedzeri inogona kusimbiswa (kusimbiswa) nekusimbaradza mvura (inozivikanwawo sekusimbaradza kwezera).
Zvichienderana nechimiro chayo, yakakamurwa kuita simbi isina ngura yechromium, simbi isina ngura yechromium-nickel uye simbi isina ngura yechromium manganese nitrogen.
(1) Simbi isingatsvi yeChromium ine simba rekudzivirira ngura (oxidizing acid, organic acid, cavitation), inodzivirira kupisa uye kusakara, uye inowanzo shandiswa semidziyo yezviteshi zvemagetsi, makemikari, uye peturu. Zvisinei, kugona kwayo kusveta kwakaderera, uye kutarisirwa kunofanirwa kupihwa kune maitiro ekusveta uye mamiriro ekurapa kupisa.
(2) Panguva yekunamira, simbi isina ngura yechromium-nickel inodziiswa kakawanda kuti iite makabhohaidhiretsi, izvo zvinoderedza kuramba ngura uye hunhu hwemakanika.
(3) Simba, kusimba, kuomarara, kuumbwa, kuchinjika, kuramba kupera uye kuramba ngura kwesimbi isina ngura yechromium-manganese zvakanaka.
Zvimwe. Matambudziko akaoma mukushongedza simbi isingasvibi uye kutanga kushandiswa kwezvinhu nemidziyo
1. Sei kusona simbi isingasvibi kwakaoma?
Mhinduro: (1) Kunzwa kupisa kwesimbi isingatsvi kwakasimba, uye nguva yekugara muhurefu hwekupisa hwe450-850 ° C yakati rebei zvishoma, uye kuramba ngura kwenzvimbo ine weld uye ine kupisa kuchaderedzwa zvakanyanya;
(2) inowanzo putika nekupisa;
(3) Dziviriro isina kunaka uye kuomeswa kwakanyanya kwekushisa;
(4) Kuwanda kwekuwedzera kwemutsara kwakakura, uye zviri nyore kugadzira shanduko huru yewelding.
2. Ndeapi matanho ehunyanzvi anoshanda anogona kutorwa pakushongedza simbi isina ngura ye austenitic?
Mhinduro: (1) Sarudza zvinhu zvekunamira zvakanyatsoenderana nemakemikari ari musimbi;
(2) Kukurunga nekukurumidza nemagetsi madiki, simba diki remagetsi kunoderedza kupisa;
(3) Waya yekuwelda ine dhayamita yakatetepa, tsvimbo yekuwelda, isina kutenderedzwa, welding ine mativi akawanda;
(4) Kutonhodza kwemusono we weld uye nzvimbo ine kupisa kunodzikisa nguva yekugara pa450-850°C;
(5) Dziviriro yeArgon kumashure kweTIG weld;
(6) Zvinosungirirwa zvinosangana nechinhu chinoparadza zvinozopedzisira zvasungirirwa;
(7) Kugadziriswa kwemusono we weld nenzvimbo ine kupisa nepassivation.
3. Sei tichifanira kusarudza waya dzekubatanidza dzemhando ye25-13 series uye electrode yekusanganisa simbi isingatsvinda ye austenitic, simbi yekabhoni uye simbi isina alloy yakawanda (kusanganisa simbi dzakasiyana)?
Mhinduro: Majoini esimbi dzakasiyana dzakasungirirwa nesimbi dzinobatanidza simbi isina ngura ye austenitic nesimbi yekabhoni uye simbi isina alloy yakawanda, simbi inosungirirwa nesimbi inofanira kushandisa waya ye welding ye 25-13 series (309, 309L) uye welding rod (Austenitic 312, Austenitic 307, nezvimwewo).
Kana zvimwe zvinoshandiswa pakuwedera nesimbi isina ngura zvikashandiswa, chimiro chemartensitic uye kuputika kwechando zvichaonekwa pamutsetse wekubatanidza simbi yekabhoni nesimbi isina alloy yakawanda.
4. Sei waya dzakasimba dzesimbi dzisina ngura dzichishandisa gasi rekudzivirira re98%Ar+2%O2?
Mhinduro: Munguva yekusanganisa waya yesimbi isina tsvina neMIG, kana gasi reargon rakacheneswa richishandiswa kudzivirira, kushushikana kwepamusoro pedziva rakanyungudutswa kunenge kwakakwira, uye kusungirirwa hakuna kuumbwa zvakanaka, zvichiratidza chimiro che "humpback". Kuwedzera 1 kusvika 2% yeokisijeni kunogona kuderedza kushushikana kwepamusoro pedziva rakanyungudutswa, uye musono we weld unotsvedzerera uye wakanaka.
5. Sei pamusoro pesimbi isina ngura MIG weld ichichinja kuita dema? Ungagadzirisa sei dambudziko iri?
Mhinduro: Kumhanya kweMIG welding wire yesimbi isina tsvina inokurumidza (30-60cm/min). Kana gasi rekudzivirira rasvika kunzvimbo yedziva rakanyungudutswa pamberi, musono we weld uchiri muchimiro chekupisa kwakanyanya, izvo zvinokurumidza kuoxidized nemhepo, uye ma oxide anoumbwa pamusoro. Welds dema. Nzira ye pickling passivation inogona kubvisa ganda dema uye kudzoreredza ruvara rwepakutanga rwesimbi isina tsvina.
6. Sei waya yakasimba yesimbi isina ngura ichifanira kushandisa simba remagetsi kuti ikwanise kuchinja jet uye kusanganisa pasina kupwanya?
Mhinduro: Kana waya yesimbi isina ngura yakasimba yeMIG ichibatanidzwa, waya yekubatanidza yeφ1.2, kana yazvino I ≥ 260 ~ 280A, shanduko yejeti inogona kuitika; donhwe racho rinoshanduka nekufamba kwemhepo kwenguva pfupi nemutengo uri pasi peuyu, uye kuputika kwacho kwakakura, kazhinji hazvikurudzirwi.
Nekushandisa magetsi eMIG ane pulse chete, madonhwe epulse anogona kuchinja kubva padiki kuenda pahukuru (sarudza hushoma kana hukuru zvichienderana nedhayamita yewaya), welding isina kuputika.
7. Sei waya yekuwelda yesimbi isina ngura ine flux-core yakachengetedzwa neCO2 gas pachinzvimbo pesimba remagetsi rinofambiswa nemhepo?
Mhinduro: Parizvino waya yekuwelda yesimbi isina ngura inoshandiswa zvakanyanya (yakadai se308, 309, nezvimwewo), fomura yekuwelda yekufambisa iri muwaya yekuwelda inogadzirwa zvichienderana nekuita kwemakemikari ekuwelda pasi pekuchengetedzwa kwegesi yeCO2, saka kazhinji, hapana chikonzero chemagetsi ekuwelda epulsed arc (Magetsi ane pulse anongoda kushandisa gasi rakasanganiswa), kana uchida kupinda mukuchinja kwemadonhwe pachine nguva, unogona zvakare kushandisa pulse power supply kana modhi yemagetsi yakadzivirirwa yegesi ine mixed gas welding.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-24-2023