Simbi yekuvakachinhu chekuvaka chakajairika chakagadzirwa nesimbi dzakasiyana siyana uye chinouya mumhando dzakasiyana dzemaumbirwo akajairwa muindasitiri (kana kuti "maprofile"). Magiredhi esimbi echivakwa anogadzirwa nemakemikari chaiwo uye hunhu hwemakanika hwakagadzirirwa mashandisirwo chaiwo.
MuEurope, simbi yekuvaka inofanirwa kutevedzera mwero weEuropeEN 10025, iyo inotungamirwa neEuropean Committee for Iron and Steel Standardization (ECISS), boka diki reEuropean Committee for Standardization (CEN).
Kune mienzaniso yakawanda yemhando dzesimbi dzemuEurope, dzakadai seS195, S235, S275, S355, S420 neS460. Muchinyorwa chino, tichatarisa pakuumbwa kwemakemikari, hunhu hwemakanika uye mashandisirwo eS235, S275 neS355, matatu mamhando esimbi dzemuchivako anoshandiswa mumapurojekiti akasiyana-siyana ekuvaka muEuropean Union.
Zvichienderana neEurocode classification, simbi dzekuvaka dzinofanira kuratidzwa nezviratidzo zvakajairwa zvinosanganisira asi zvisingangogumiri paS, 235, J2, K2, C, Z, W, JR uye JO, apo:
Zvichienderana nemaitiro ekugadzira, kuumbwa kwemakemikari, uye mashandisirwo azvo, mamwe mabhii uye kupatsanurwa zvinogona kushandiswa kuona chimiro chesimbi kana chigadzirwa.
Kurongwa kweEU hakusi mwero wepasi rose, saka magiredhi akawanda akakodzera ane hunhu hwakafanana hwemakemikari nehunyanzvi hwemakanika anogona kushandiswa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi. Semuenzaniso, simbi yakagadzirwa kumusika weUS inofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa neAmerican Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Makodhi epasi rose anotanga ne "A" achiteverwa nekirasi yakakodzera, senge A36 kanaA53.
Munyika zhinji, simbi yekuvaka inodzorwa uye inofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa zvishoma zvechimiro, saizi, makemikari uye simba.
Kuumbwa kwemakemikari esimbi yekuvaka kwakakosha zvikuru uye kunodzorwa zvakanyanya. Ichi ndicho chinhu chikuru chinosarudza hunhu hwesimbi. Mutafura iri pazasi unogona kuona huwandu hwakanyanya hwezvikamu zvezvimwe zvinhu zvinogadziriswa zviripo muEuropean structural steel grades S235,S275uye S355.
Kuumbwa kwemakemikari esimbi yekuvaka kwakakosha zvikuru uye kunodzorwa zvakasimba. Chinhu chakakosha chinosarudza hunhu hwesimbi. Mutafura iri pazasi unogona kuona huwandu hwakanyanya hwezvimwe zvinhu zvinodzorwa muEuropean structural steel grades S235, S275 naS355.
Kuumbwa kwemakemikari esimbi yekuvaka kwakakosha zvikuru kumainjiniya uye kunosiyana kubva pagiredhi kuenda kune rimwe zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwayo. Semuenzaniso, S355K2W isimbi yekuvaka yakaoma, inonzi K2, ine makemikari akagadzirirwa kudzivirira mamiriro ekunze - W. Saka, makemikari esimbi yekuvaka iyi akasiyana zvishoma neakajairika.Giredhi reS355.
Hunhu hwesimbi yekuvaka hunotsigira kupatsanurwa kwayo uye mashandisirwo ayo. Kunyangwe kuumbwa kwemakemikari kuri iko chinhu chikuru chinosarudza hunhu hwesimbi yekuvaka, zvakakoshawo kuziva zvinodiwa zvehunhu hwesimbi kana mashandiro ayo, zvakaita sekusimba kwekugadzira uye simba rekudhonza, sezvakatsanangurwa zvakadzama pazasi.
Simba rekugadzira simbi rinoyera simba shoma rinodiwa kuti simbi iite shanduko inogara iripo. Mutemo wemazita unoshandiswa muEuropean standard EN10025 unoreva simba shoma rekugadzira simbi yakaedzwa paukobvu hwe16 mm.
Simba rekusimba kwesimbi yekuvaka rine chekuita nenzvimbo iyo simbi inoshanduka zvachose kana chinhu chacho chikatambanudzwa kana kutatamuka zvakachinjika pakureba kwacho.
Simbi yekuvaka inouya mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, asi inowanzotengeswa yakagadzirwa kare kuita chimiro chakasiyana chakagadzirirwa kushandiswa kwacho. Semuenzaniso, simbi yekuvaka inotengeswa seI-beams, Z-beams, box lintels, hollow structural sections (HSS), L-beams, uye steel plates zvakajairika.
Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa, mainjiniya anotsanangura giredhi resimbi—kazhinji kuti isvike pasimba shoma, huremu hwakanyanya, uye zvinodiwa nemamiriro ekunze—pamwe chete nechimiro chechikamu—zvichienderana nenzvimbo inodiwa uye mitoro inotarisirwa.
Simbi yekuvaka ine mashandisirwo akawanda, uye mashandisirwo ayo akasiyana-siyana. Inonyanya kubatsira sezvo ichipa musanganiswa wakasiyana wekuti inogona kusungirirwa zvakanaka uye simba rayo rakavimbiswa. Simbi yekuvaka chigadzirwa chinochinjika zvikuru chinowanzo sarudzwa nemainjiniya vanotsvaga kuwedzera simba kana kuti zvivakwa zvakaita seS uku vachideredza huremu hwazvo.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-13-2023