ASTM A335 P11Pipe yesimbi ipombi yesimbi isina musono ine ferritic low alloy steel inoshandiswa pakupisa kwakanyanya, UNS inonzi K11597.
P11 imhando yechromium-molybdenum alloy ine chromium iri pakati pe1.00-1.50% uye molybdenum iri pakati pe0.44-0.65%.
Inowanzoshandiswa mumaboiler, masuperheater, uye ma heat exchangers muzviteshi zvemagetsi uye mumafekitori emakemikari.
Zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi zveASME SA335uyeASTM A335zvakafanana, saka kuti zvive nyore kuratidza, tichashandisa "ASTM A335" kureva zviyero izvi zviviri.
Zvinhul: ASTM A335 P11 pombi yesimbi isina musono;
OD: 1/8"- 24";
WT: zvinoenderana neASME B36.10zvinodiwa;
Purogiramu: SCH10, SCH20, SCH30,SCH40, SCH60,SCH80, SCH100, SCH120, SCH140 uye SCH160;
Kuzivikanwa: STD, XS, XXS;
Kugadzirisa: Saizi dzepombi dzisiri dzemhando yepamusoro dziripowo, saizi dzakagadzirwa dzinowanikwa kana dzakumbirwa;
Kureba: Hurefu hwakatarwa uye husina kurongeka;
Chitupa cheIBR: Tinogona kubata sangano rekuongorora rechitatu kuti tiwane chitupa cheIBR zvinoenderana nezvamunoda, masangano edu ekuongorora anoshanda pamwe chete ndeaya BV, SGS, TUV, nezvimwewo;
Kuguma: Mugumo wepaipi wakatsetseka, wakachekwa, kana kuti wakagadzirwa ne composite;
Pamusoro: Pombi diki, pendi, nezvimwe zvekudzivirira kwenguva pfupi, kubvisa ngura nekupolisha, galvanized uye plastic coated, uye zvimwe zvekudzivirira kwenguva refu;
Kurongedza: Bhokisi remapuranga, bhandi resimbi kana waya yesimbi, chidziviriro chepurasitiki kana mapaipi esimbi, nezvimwewo.
Kunze kwekunge zvataurwa neimwe nzira muA335, zvinhu zvakapihwa pasi pechirevo ichi zvinofanirwa kutevedzera zvinodiwa zvechinyorwa chazvino cheSpecificationA999/A999M.
Pombi yesimbi yeASTM A335 inofanira kunge yakagadzirwamusonoMachubhu esimbi asina musono anopa kuvimbika kukuru uye kufanana kana akaiswa munzvimbo dzine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye tembiricha.
Musono unogona kurongwa sewakagadzirwa nechando uye wakagadzirwa nekupisa, zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwacho uye saizi yacho.
Kudhirowa kunotonhora kunowanzo shandiswa pamadhayamita madiki kana pamachubhu anoda kunyatsorongeka uye kunaka kwepamusoro. Kupedzisa kunopisa kunowanzo shandiswa kugadzira mapaipi makuru esimbi akatwasuka uye akakora.
Pazasi pane chati yemafambiro ekugadzirwa kwepombi dzesimbi dzisina musono dzakapedzwa nekupisa.
Kurapa kupisa kwezvinhu zveP11 kunogona kunge kuri kuzara kana kuti kudziya kwepasi kana kudziya mushure mekudziya, uye kana kuchidziya uye kuchidziya, tembiricha yekudziya inofanira kunge iri 1200°F (650°C).
Kubva mumakemikari aripo, tinogona kuona zviri nyore kutiP11 imhando yechromium-molybdenum alloy.
Ma chromium-molybdenum alloys imhando yesimbi dzine chromium (Cr) uye molybdenum (Mo) sezvinhu zvikuru zve alloying. Kuwedzerwa kwezvinhu izvi kunowedzera simba, kuomarara, kuramba kupfeka, uye kuramba ngura kwesimbi. Pakupisa kwakanyanya, ma Cr-Mo alloys anokwanisa kuchengetedza hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika uye chimiro chakagadzikana.
Cr: inovandudza kuramba kwe oxidation uye kuramba ngura kwe alloy, inobatsira kugadzira firimu rakasimba re oxide, uye inodzivirira zvinhu kubva kune zvinoparadza.
Mo: Inowedzera simba resimbi, kunyanya pakupisa kwakanyanya, inovandudza kuramba kukwira kwesimbi, uye inowedzera simba rekupisa kwakanyanya kwesimbi.
1. Nzvimbo Inodhonza
Kuedza kwekukweshana kunowanzo shandiswa kuyerasimba rekupa, simba rekusimbauyekureban yechirongwa chekuedza chepombi yesimbi, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvinhu zvechiedzo.
ATafura 5 inopa huwandu hushoma hwakaverengerwa.
Kana ukobvu hwemadziro huri pakati pezvinhu zviviri zviri pamusoro apa, kukosha kwehurefu hushoma kunosarudzwa nefomura inotevera:
Longitudinal, P11: E = 48t + 15.00 [E = 1.87t + 15.00]
Transverse, P11: E = 32t + 15.00 [E = 1.25t + 15.00]
kupi:
E = kureba mu 2 in. kana 50 mm, %,
t = ukobvu chaihwo hwezvienzaniso, mu. [mm].
2. Kuoma
Pombi yeGiredhi P11 haidi kuyedzwa kwekuomarara.
Kukosha kwekuoma kwehunhu kwakaratidzwa pazasi.
Mamiriro ekuwedzera:
Kuoma kwacho kunowanzova pakati pe150 ne200 HB.
Mamiriro akajairwa uye akadzikama:
Kuoma kwayo kunobva pa170 kusvika 220 HB.
Kuoma uye kugadzikana:
Kuomarara kunogona kusvika 250 kusvika 300 HB kana kupfuura, zvichienderana nekupisa uye nguva.
3. Zvirongwa zveKuedza zveSarudzo
Zvinhu zvinotevera zvekuyedza hazvidiwi, kana zvichidikanwa zvinogona kusarudzwa nekutaurirana.
Kuongorora Chigadzirwa
Muedzo weKubata-bata
Bvunzo reKukombama
Kuumbwa kweSimbi uye Kuedzwa kweEtching
Mifananidzo yemakrogirafu
Mifananidzo yemafoto ezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana
P11 hydrotest inofanira kutevedzera zvinodiwa zvinotevera.
Dhayamita yekunze ＞10in. [250mm] uye ukobvu hwemadziro ≤ 0.75in. [19mm]: iyi inofanira kunge iri bvunzo ye hydrostatic.
Mamwe masayizi ekuyedza magetsi asingaparadze.
Zvinodiwa zve hydrostatic test zvinotevera zvinounganidzwa kubva pazvinodiwa zveASTM A999:
Pamachubhu esimbi yeferritic alloy uye simbi isina ngura, madziro anomanikidzwa neasingasviki60% yesimba remubereko wepasi rakatarwa.
Kumanikidzwa kwemvura kunoda kuramba kuripo kwenguva pfupi 5spasina kubuda kwemvura kana zvimwe zvikanganiso.
Kumanikidzwa kwemvurainogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa fomura:
P = 2St/D
P = kumanikidzwa kwekuyedzwa kwehydrostatic mu psi [MPa];
S = kumanikidzwa kwemadziro epombi mu psi kana [MPa];
t = ukobvu hwemadziro hwakatarwa, ukobvu hwemadziro hunoenderana nenhamba yakatarwa yeANSI kana ka1.143 kakapetwa ukobvu hwemadziro hushoma hwakatarwa, mu. [mm];
D = dhayamita yekunze yakatarwa, dhayamita yekunze inoenderana nehukuru hwepombi yeANSI yakatarwa, kana dhayamita yekunze yakaverengerwa nekuwedzera 2t (sezvakatsanangurwa pamusoro) kune dhayamita yemukati yakatarwa, mu. [mm].
Pombi yega yega inofanira kuongororwa nenzira isingaparadze yekuongorora zvichienderana neKutevedzeraE213, DzidziraE309, kana kuti KudzidziraE570.
Kusiyana Kunobvumidzwa muDhayamita
Kuti pombi iodharwedhayamita yemukati, dhayamita yemukati haifanirwe kusiyana kupfuura ±1% kubva padhayamita yemukati yakatarwa.
Kuisa machubhu kwakarairwa mukatiNPS [DN] kana dhayamita dzekunzehaifanirwe kusiyana dhayamita dzekunze kupfuura zvakataurwa mumatafura ari pazasi.
Kusiyana Kunobvumidzwa muKukora kweMadziro
Kuyerwa kweukobvu hwemadziro kunofanira kuitwa uchishandisa macaliper emakanika kana michina yekuyedza isina kuparadza yakanyatsogadziriswa uye yakarurama. Kana paine gakava, kuyerwa kunotsanangurwa uchishandisa macaliper emakanika ndiko kuchashandiswa.
Ukobvu hwemadziro hushoma uye dhayamita yekunze yekutarisa kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa zvepombi yakarairwa neNPS [DN] uye nhamba yehurongwa zvinoratidzwa muASME B36.10M.
Inowanzoshandiswa mumaboiler, ma superheater, uye ma heat exchangers mumagetsi uye mumafekitori emakemikari.
Mabhoira: P11 inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvaka mabhoyira nekuda kwekusagona kwayo kupisa kwakanyanya nekumanikidzwa, kunyanya muzvikamu zvinosangana nekupisa kwakanyanya nekumanikidzwa.
Superheater: Inoshandiswa kuwedzera tembiricha yemhepo kuti iwedzere kushanda zvakanaka kwekupisa. p11 inoita kuti simba uye kugara kwenguva refu kwechinhu ichi zvirambe zviripo kunyangwe pakupisa kwakanyanya.
Zvinochinja-chinja kupisa: P11 inowedzera ngura uye kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya kwezvishandiso zvinochinja-chinja kupisa, nokudaro zvichivandudza kuvimbika uye kuchengetedzeka kwemidziyo.
Masisitimu emapaipi: Masisitimu emapaipi mumafekitori emakemikari anowanzo fanirwa kutakura mvura inopisa zvakanyanya kana utsi. Simba rekupisa kwakanyanya uye hunhu hwakanaka hweP11 zvinoita kuti ive yakakodzera kushandiswa uku.
a) Chii chakaenzana neASTM A335 P11?
GB/T 5310: 12CrMo;
DIN 17175: 10CrMo9-10 (1.7380);
EN 10216-2: 10CrMo9-10;
BS 3604: 10CrMo9-10;
JIS G3462: STPA23;
GOST 550-75: 12Kh1MF.
b)Ko P11 isimbi isina simba rakawanda here?
Ehe, P11 isimbi isina alloy yakawanda.
Simbi ine alloy yakaderera isimbi ine alloy ine carbon alloy imwe kana kupfuura (semuenzaniso, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, nezvimwewo) yakawedzerwa, ine huwandu hwe alloying element hunowanzova pakati pe1 ne5%.
c)Simba rekudhonza reASTM A335 P11 chii?
Simba rekudhonza diki re415 MPa [60 ksi].
d)Simba reASTM A335 P11 rinoita sei?
Simba rekudhonza diki re205 MPa [30 ksi].
e) Muganho wekupisa weASTM A335 P11 chii?
Munzvimbo dzinoita kuti oxygen ioxide: Tembiricha yepamusoro yekushanda inowanzoita 593°C (1100°F).
Munzvimbo dzisina oxidizing: tembiricha yepamusoro yekushanda inosvika 650°C (1200°F) inogona kuwanikwa.
f)A335 P11 ine magineti here?
Ine magineti patembiricha yemumba. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira mune mamwe mashandisirwo, akadai sepanodiwa kuti zvinhu zvienderane nemidziyo yekuona magineti.
g)Mutengo weASTM A335 P11 imarii?
Mitengo inosiyana zvichienderana nemusika, taura nesu kuti uwane mutengo chaiwo.
