ASTM A335 P91, inozivikanwawo seASME SA335 P91, ipombi yesimbi yeferritic alloy isina musono inoshandiswa pakupisa kwakanyanya, UNS Nhamba K91560.
Ine zvishomasimba rekudhonza re585 MPa(85 ksi) uye zvishomasimba rekupa re415 MPa(60 ksi).
P91inonyanya kuve nezvinhu zvinosanganisa zvakaita sechromium nemolybdenum, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosanganisa zvinowedzerwa, zviri zvesimbi ine alloy yakawanda, saka ine simba guru uye inodzivirira ngura zvakanaka.
Pamusoro pezvo, P91 inowanikwa mumhando mbiri,Rudzi 1uyeRudzi rwechipiri, uye inowanzoshandiswa mumafekitori emagetsi, mafekitori ekuchenesa, midziyo yakakosha yemakemikari, uye mapaipi munzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya uye dzine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya.
Pombi yesimbi yeP91 yakakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri, Type 1 uye Type 2.
Mhando dzese dziri mbiri dzakafanana maererano nehunhu hwemakanika nezvimwe zvinodiwa zvakaita sekupisa,nemusiyano mudiki mukuumbwa kwemakemikari uye chinangwa chaicho chekushandisa.
Kuumbwa kwemakemikari: Zvichienzaniswa neType 1, makemikari eType 2 akaomarara uye ane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinosanganisa kupisa nengura zviri nani.
Mashandisirwo: Nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwemakemikoro kwakagadziridzwa, Type 2 inonyanya kukodzera tembiricha yakakwira zvakanyanya kana nzvimbo dzine ngura yakawanda, kana mumashandisirwo anodiwa simba rakawanda uye kugara kwenguva refu.
Pombi yesimbi yeASTM A335 inofanira kunge yakagadzirwamusono.
Maitiro ekugadzira asina musono akakamurwa kuitakupisa kunoperauyeinotorwa nechando.
Pazasi pane dhayagiramu yemaitiro ekupedza kupisa.
Zvikuru sei, P91, pombi yesimbi ine alloy yakawanda, iyo inowanzoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakaoma dzine tembiricha yakakwira uye kumanikidzwa, pombi yesimbi isina musono inosimbiswa zvakaenzana uye inogona kugadzirwa kuita madziro akakora, nokudaro ichivimbisa kuchengetedzeka kwakanyanya uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemari.
P91 Mapaipi ese anofanira kugadziriswa nekupisa kuti pave nechimiro chakanaka chepombi, kuvandudza mashandiro ayo, uye kuwedzera kusimba kwekupisa kwakanyanya nekumanikidzwa.
| Giredhi | Rudzi rweKurapa Kupisa | Kugadzirisa Tembiricha | Kupisa Kunodziya |
| P91 Rudzi 1 uye Rudzi 2 | kugadzirisa uye kudzikamisa kana | 1900 - 1975 ℉ [1040 - 1080 ℃] | 1350 ~ 1470 ℉ [730 - 800 ℃] |
| kudzikamisa uye hasha | 1900 - 1975 ℉ [1040 - 1080 ℃] | 1350 - 1470 ℉ [730 - 800 ℃] |
Zvikamu zvemakemikari zveP91 Type 1
| Giredhi | Kuumbwa, % | ||||||
| P91 Rudzi 1 | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Mo |
| 0.08 - 0.12 | 0.30 - 0.60 | 0.020 yakakwira | 0.010 yakakwira | 0.20 - 0.50 | 8.00 - 9.50 | 0.85 - 1.05 | |
| V | N | Ni | Al | Nb | Ti | Zr | |
| 0.18 - 0.25 | 0.030 - 0.070 | 0.40 yakakwira | 0.02 yakakwira | 0.06 - 0.10 | 0.01 yepamusoro | 0.01 yepamusoro | |
Zvikamu zvemakemikari zveP91 Type 2
| Giredhi | Kuumbwa, % | ||||||
| Zvikamu zvemakemikari zveP91 Type 2 | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Mo |
| 0.07 - 0.13 | 0.30 - 0.50 | 0.020 yakakwira | 0.005 yepamusoro | 0.20 - 0.40 | 8.00 - 9.50 | 0.80 - 1.05 | |
| V | Ni | Al | N | Chiyero cheN/Al | Nb | Ti | |
| 0.16 - 0.27 | 0.20 yakakwira | 0.02 yakakwira | 0.035 - 0.070 | ≥ 4.0 | 0.05 - 0.11 | 0.01 yepamusoro | |
| Zr | Sn | Sb | As | B | W | Cu | |
| 0.01 yepamusoro | 0.01 yepamusoro | 0.003 yepamusoro | 0.01 yepamusoro | 0.001 yepamusoro | 0.05 yakakwira | 0.10 yakakwira | |
Nemifananidzo miviri iri pamusoro apa, zviri nyore kuona musiyano uripo pakati pezvinhu zvemakemikari zverudzi rwekutanga nerudzi rwechipiri uye zvirambidzo.
1. Nzvimbo Inodhonza
Kuedza kwekukweshana kunowanzo shandiswa kuyerasimba rekupa, simba rekusimbauyekureban yechirongwa chekuedza chepombi yesimbi, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvinhu zvechiedzo.
| P91 Rudzi 1 uye Rudzi 2 | |||
| Simba rekusimba | 85 ksi [585 MPa] miniti | ||
| Simba rekupa | 60 ksi [415 MPa] miniti | ||
| Kureba | Zvinodiwa zveKureba | Kureba | Kuchinja-chinja |
| Kureba kwe 2 in. kana 50 mm, (kana 4D), min, %; Kureba kwemadziro ane ukobvu hwemainji matanhatu (8 mm) zvichikwira, bvunzo dzemitsetse, uye dzehukuru hudiki hwese hwakaedzwa muchikamu chakazara. | 20 | — | |
| Kana chifananidzo chedenderedzwa che 2-in. kana 50-mm chakareba kana chidiki zvakaenzana chine urefu hwe 4D (ka4 dhayamita) chinoshandiswa. | 20 | 13 | |
| Pakuyedzwa kwezvidimbu, kuderedzwa kwe 1/32 in. [0.8 mm] pakukora kwemadziro pasi pe 5/16 in. [8 mm] kubva pakureba kwepakati pezvikamu zvinotevera kunofanira kuitwa. | 1 | — | |
2. Kuoma
Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuongorora kuomarara dzinogona kushandiswa, kusanganisira Vickers, Brinell, naRockwell.
| Giredhi | Brinell | Vickers | Rockwell |
| P91 Rudzi 1 uye Rudzi 2 | 190 - 250 HBW | 196 - 265 HV | 91 HRBW - 25HRC |
Ukobvu hwemadziro <0.065 in. [1.7 mm]: Hapana bvunzo yekuomarara inodiwa;
0.065 in. [1.7 mm] ≤ ukobvu hwemadziro <0.200 in. [5.1 mm]: Kuedza kuomarara kweRockwell kunofanira kushandiswa;
Ukobvu hwemadziro ≥ 0.200 in. [5.1 mm]: kushandisa Brinell hardness test kana Rockwell hardness test nesarudzo.
Kuedza kuomarara kweVickers kunoshanda kune ukobvu hwese hwemadziro emachubhu. Nzira yekuyedza inoitwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa neE92.
3. Muedzo weKutsvedza
Kuedza kunofanira kuitwa zvichienderana neChikamu 20 cheASTM A999 standard.
4. Bvunzo reKukombama
Kotama 180° patembiricha yemumba, hapana mitswe inofanira kuoneka kunze kwechikamu chakakombama.
Saizi > NPS25 kana D/t ≥ 7.0: Bvunzo yekukombama inofanira kuitwa pasina bvunzo yekutsetseka.
5. P91 Zvirongwa zveKuedza Zvingasarudzwa
Zvinhu zvinotevera zvekuyedza hazvidiwi, kana zvichidikanwa zvinogona kusarudzwa nekutaurirana.
S1: Kuongorora Chigadzirwa
S3: Muedzo weKubata-bata
S4: Kuumbwa kweSimbi uye Kuedzwa kweKucheka
S5: Mifananidzo yemakrogirafu
S6: Mifananidzo yemakrogirafu eZvidimbu zveMunhu Mumwe Nemumwe
S7: Kurapa Kupisa Kumwe-Giredhi P91 Rudzi 1 neRudzi 2
Kuedzwa kwemvura kweP91 kunofanira kutevedzera zvinodiwa zvinotevera.
Dhayamita yekunze ＞10in. [250mm] uye ukobvu hwemadziro ≤ 0.75in. [19mm]: iyi inofanira kunge iri bvunzo ye hydrostatic.
Mamwe masayizi ekuyedza magetsi asingaparadze.
Pamachubhu esimbi yeferritic alloy uye simbi isina ngura, madziro anomanikidzwa neasingasviki60% yesimba remubereko wepasi rakatarwa.
Kumanikidzwa kwemvura kunoda kuramba kuripo kwenguva pfupi 5spasina kubuda kwemvura kana zvimwe zvikanganiso.
Kumanikidzwa kwemvurainogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa fomura:
P = 2St/D
P = kumanikidzwa kwekuyedzwa kwehydrostatic mu psi [MPa];
S = kumanikidzwa kwemadziro epombi mu psi kana [MPa];
t = ukobvu hwemadziro hwakatarwa, ukobvu hwemadziro hunoenderana nenhamba yakatarwa yeANSI kana ka1.143 kakapetwa ukobvu hwemadziro hushoma hwakatarwa, mu. [mm];
D = dhayamita yekunze yakatarwa, dhayamita yekunze inoenderana nehukuru hwepombi yeANSI yakatarwa, kana dhayamita yekunze yakaverengerwa nekuwedzera 2t (sezvakatsanangurwa pamusoro) kune dhayamita yemukati yakatarwa, mu. [mm].
Pombi yeP91 inoongororwa nenzira yekuedza yeE213. Mutemo weE213 unonyanya kutarisana nekuongorora kwe ultrasonic (UT).
Kana yakatsanangurwa zvakananga murongero, inogonawo kuongororwa zvichienderana nenzira yekuyedza yeE309 kana E570.
Muyero weE309 unowanzo tarisa kuongororwa kwemagetsi (eddy current), nepo E570 iri nzira yekuongorora inosanganisira eddy current arrays.
Kusiyana Kunobvumidzwa muDhayamita
Kuti pombi iodharwedhayamita yemukati, dhayamita yemukati haifanirwe kusiyana kupfuura ±1% kubva padhayamita yemukati yakatarwa.
Kuisa machubhu kwakarairwa mukatiNPS [DN] kana dhayamita dzekunzehaifanirwe kusiyana dhayamita dzekunze kupfuura zvakataurwa mumatafura ari pazasi.
Kusiyana Kunobvumidzwa muKukora kweMadziro
Kuyerwa kweukobvu hwemadziro kunofanira kuitwa uchishandisa macaliper emakanika kana michina yekuyedza isina kuparadza yakanyatsogadziriswa uye yakarurama. Kana paine gakava, kuyerwa kunotsanangurwa uchishandisa macaliper emakanika ndiko kuchashandiswa.
Ukobvu hwemadziro hushoma uye dhayamita yekunze yekutarisa kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa zvepombi yakarairwa neNPS [DN] uye nhamba yehurongwa zvinoratidzwa muASME B36.10M.
Zvikanganiso
Zvikanganiso pamusoro zvinoonekwa sezvisina kunaka kana zvikapfuura 12.5% yeukobvu hwemadziro kana kuti zvikapfuura ukobvu hwemadziro hushoma.
Kusakwana
Mavanga emuchina, mavanga, uye maburi, chero chipi zvacho chisina kunaka chakadzika kupfuura 1.6 mm.
Mavanga nemavanga anotsanangurwa semavanga etambo, maburi, mavanga ekutungamira, mavanga ekutenderera, mavanga ebhora, mavanga ebhora, mavanga ekufa, nezvimwewo.
Kugadzirisa
Zvikanganiso zvinogona kubviswa nekukuya, chero bedzi ukobvu hwemadziro hwasara husiri pasi peukobvu hwemadziro hushoma.
Kugadzirisa kunogona kuitwawo nekupinza simbi asi kunofanirwa kutevedzera zvinodiwa neA999.
Zvese zvinogadziriswa muP91 zvinofanirwa kuitwa neimwe yenzira dzinotevera dzekubatanidza nekushandisa: SMAW, A5.5/A5.5M E90XX-B9:SAW, A5.23/A5.23M EB9 + neutral flux; GTAW, A5.28/A5.28M ER90S-B9; uye FCAW A5.29/A5.29M E91TI-B9. Pamusoro pezvo, huwandu hweNi+Mn hwezvinhu zvese zvinoshandiswa pakushongedza hunoshandiswa pakushongedza P91 Type 1 neType 2 hahufanirwe kudarika 1.0%.
Pombi yeP91 inofanira kupiswa pa1350-1470 °F [730-800°C] mushure mekugadziriswa kweweld.
Pamusoro pepombi yesimbi yakaongororwa panofanira kunge paine zvinhu zvinotevera:
Zita remugadziri kana chiratidzo chekutengeserana; nhamba yakajairika; giredhi; kureba uye chiratidzo chekuwedzera "S".
Zviratidzo zvekumanikidzwa kwemvura uye bvunzo dzisingaparadzi zviri patafura iri pazasi zvinofanirawo kuiswa.
Kana pombi yacho yagadziriswa nekunamira, inofanira kunge yakanyorwa kuti "WR".
p91 Rudzi (Rudzi 1 kana Rudzi 2) runofanira kuratidzwa.
| ASME | ASTM | EN | GB |
| ASME SA335 P91 | ASTM A213 T91 | EN 10216-2 X10CrMoVNb9-1 | GB/T 5310 10Cr9Mo1VNbN |
Zvinhul: ASTM A335 P91 pombi yesimbi isina musono;
OD: 1/8"- 24";
WT: zvinoenderana neASME B36.10zvinodiwa;
Purogiramu: SCH10, SCH20, SCH30,SCH40, SCH60,SCH80, SCH100, SCH120, SCH140 uye SCH160;
Kuzivikanwa:STD (yakajairika), XS (yakasimba zvakanyanya), kana XXS (yakasimba zvakanyanya kaviri);
Kugadzirisa: Saizi dzepombi dzisiri dzemhando yepamusoro dziripowo, saizi dzakagadzirwa dzinowanikwa kana dzakumbirwa;
Kureba: Hurefu hwakatarwa uye husina kurongeka;
Chitupa cheIBR: Tinogona kubata sangano rekuongorora rechitatu kuti tiwane chitupa cheIBR zvinoenderana nezvamunoda, masangano edu ekuongorora anoshanda pamwe chete ndeaya BV, SGS, TUV, nezvimwewo;
Kuguma: Mugumo wepaipi wakatsetseka, wakachekwa, kana kuti wakagadzirwa ne composite;
Pamusoro: Pombi diki, pendi, nezvimwe zvekudzivirira kwenguva pfupi, kubvisa ngura nekupolisha, galvanized uye plastic coated, uye zvimwe zvekudzivirira kwenguva refu;
Kurongedza: Bhokisi remapuranga, bhandi resimbi kana waya yesimbi, chidziviriro chepurasitiki kana mapaipi esimbi, nezvimwewo.
