ASTM A252 Giredhi 3ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa sepombi yemurwi yakagadzirwa necylindrical.
Mapombi esimbi eGiredhi rechitatu haana kungogumira pakugadzira zvinhu chete uye anogona kugadzirwa achishandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugadzira mapaipi, kusanganisiraSMLS(isina musono),SAW(yakanyudzwa nearc welded), uyeEFW( electro-fusion welded). Kuchinjika uku kunoita kuti ikwanise kugadziriswa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zveinjiniya zvakasiyana uye mamiriro ekushandiswa.
Sezvo iri yepamusoro-soro muA52 standard, ine hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika ine simba rekukura kwe310 MPa uye simba rekudhonza re455 MPa uye inogona kushandiswa sechinhu chinogara chichitakura mutoro kana segomba remapombi ekongiri akaiswa panzvimbo.
IyoASTM A252Standard inoronga mapaipi esimbi muzvikamu zvitatu kuti zvienderane nenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekushandiswa uye zvinodiwa pakurodha. Magiredhi matatu ndeaya:
Giredhi 1, Giredhi 2, uye Giredhi 3.
Kambani iyi yakaunza seti yakazara yemidziyo yepamusoro yekugadzira mapaipi esimbi eJCOE LSAW uye michina yekuyedza, inyanzvi mukugadzira mapaipi esimbi eLSAW ane madziro akakora, ane dhayamita hombe neDSAW (welding ye arc ine mativi maviri pasi pemvura).
Zvinodiwa zvechigadzirwa ndeizvi:
Dhayamita yekunze: DN 350 - 1500;
Ukobvu hwemadziro: 8 - 80 mm;
Mapombi anofanira kunge ari magumo asina kujeka.
Migumo inofanira kuchekwa nemurazvo kana kuchekwa nemuchina wozobviswa moto.
Kana zvakadaromagumo akakomberedzwa, kona yemugumo wakakomberedzwa inofanira kunge iri30 - 35°.
Simbi yeBotopine mapaipi esimbi eASTM A52 emhando yepamusoro akasiyana-siyana. Ndapota inzwa wakasununguka kutibata nesu kuti uwane zvaunoda.
Simbi inofanira kugadzirwa neimwe kana kupfuura yenzira dzinotevera: chitofu chakavhurika, okisijeni yepakutanga, kana vira remagetsi.
A252 inofanira kugadzirwa nemusono, kudzivirira kwemagetsi kwakasungirirwa, yakasungirirwa ne flash, kanayakasungirirwa pamwe chetemaitiro.
Misono yemapombi akasungirirwa inofanira kungekureba, matako emuchadenga, kanadenderedzwa remuchadenga.
Kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti mapaipi esimbi ari mumhando yepamusoro uye anoshanda zvakanaka, zvakakosha kusarudza nzira chaiyo yekugadzira.
Maitiro eLSAW (SAWL) akanakira mapaipi esimbi ane dhayamita hombe uye madziro akakora, kunyanya mumapurojekiti ekuvaka nezvivakwa zvinoda simba guru rekutakura mutoro uye kuvaka hwaro hwakadzika. Nekuda kwesimba rayo guru, kugona kwayo kutakura mutoro, uye kugona kuchinjika kudzika, inokwanisa kuchinjika kune akasiyana-siyana mamiriro akaomarara epasi uku ichipa mabhenefiti ekuisa nekukurumidza uye kugara kwenguva refu.
JCOEinzira inowanzo shandiswa pakugadzira mapaipi esimbi eLSAW, ayo ane mabhenefiti ekushanda zvakanaka, mhando yepamusoro, kugona kugadzira dhayamita yakakura, kururama kwehukuru, kuchinjika, uye kuchengetedza mari, izvo zvakaita kuti ive nzira inodiwa pakugadzira mapaipi mumapurojekiti mazhinji makuru einjiniya.
Simbi yacho inofanira kunge iinephosphorus isingapfuure 0.050%.
Kuderedza huwandu hwephosphorus musimbi kunoreva kuve nechokwadi chekuti simbi ine hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika, kunyanya kana ichishandiswa pakuvaka senge kuputira mapuranga.
Muganho uyu unobatsira kudzivirira simbi kuti isanyanya kupwanyika kana tembiricha yakaderera, nokudaro zvichiita kuti ive yakachengeteka uye yakavimbika pakushandisa.
Kune zvimwe zvinhu zviri mukati, hapana zvinodiwa.
Izvi zvinodaro nekuti chinangwa chikuru chemachubhu epombi ndechekuona kuti machubhu acho ane simba rakakwana uye kusimba, izvo zvakakosha pakushandiswa muzvigadziko zvinotsigira.
Kune machubhu emurwi wemachubhu, kutariswa kwakanyanya kunopihwa kune hunhu hwemakanika emachubhu, senge simba rekukura, simba rekudhonza, uye kusimba, sezvo hunhu uhwu hwakabatana zvakananga nekukwanisa kutakura mutoro uye kugadzikana kwemaumbirwo emachubhu mumashandisirwo anoshanda.
ATafura 2 inopa kukosha kwakaderera kwakaverengerwa:
Kana ukobvu hwemadziro hwakatarwa huri pakati nepakati pehunoratidzwa pamusoro apa, kukosha kwehurefu hushoma hunofanira kutsanangurwa seizvi:
Giredhi 3: E = 32t + 10.00 [E = 1.25t + 10.00]
E: kureba mu 2 in. [50.8 mm], %;
t: ukobvu hwemadziro hwakatarwa, mu. [mm].
Mutemo weASTM A252 Giredhi 3 unovimbisa kuchengetedzeka uye kuvimbika kwemapombi echubhu ari kushandiswa nekuisa zvinodiwa zvishoma zvehunhu uhwu hwemakanika.
Pamapombi asina kunyorwa mumatafura ehuremu hwepombi, huremu pahurefu hweyuniti hunogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa fomura.
w = C×(Dt)×t
w: huremu pahurefu hweyuniti, Ilb/ft [kg/m];
D: dhayamita yekunze yakatarwa, mu. [mm];
t: ukobvu hwemadziro hwakatarwa, mu. [mm];
C: 0.0246615 yekuverenga muzvikamu zveSI uye 10.69 yekuverenga muzvikamu zveUSC.
Kuverengera kuri pamusoro apa kwakavakirwa pafungidziro yekuti huwandu hwepombi yesimbi i7.85 kg/dm³.
ASTM A252 Giredhi 3 ine simba rakawanda uye kusimba kwemhando dzakasiyana dzevhu uye zvinodiwa zvekutakura mutoro. Pombi iyi yesimbi inowanzoshandiswa muzvinotevera:
1. Kuvaka nheyo: ASTM A252 Giredhi 3 pombi yesimbi inoshandiswa sehwaro hwemakomba mumabasa ekuvaka zvivakwa zvirefu, mabhiriji, nezvimwe zvivako zvikuru kuti zvipe rutsigiro rwakakodzera uye kugadzikana.
2. Zviteshi zvengarava nezviteshi zvengarava: Mapaipi aya esimbi anoshandiswa pakuvaka zviteshi zvengarava nezvikepe kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti chivakwa chacho chinokwanisa kutsungirira kukanganiswa nengarava uye kuparadzwa kwenzvimbo dzegungwa. Kuti pave nekusimba uye kuramba ngura kwemapaipi esimbi, machira anowanzo shandiswa kuti ape dziviriro yakawedzerwa.
3. Masvingo emvura: ASTM A252 Giredhi 3 pombi yesimbi inoshandiswa kusimbisa mahombekombe enzizi uye kudzivirira mafashamo mukuvaka madhamu, makiyi, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzemvura.
4. Mapurojekiti esimba: Mumagetsi emhepo, matangi emafuta, uye mamwe mapurojekiti ekuvaka simba, mapaipi aya esimbi anoshandiswa sezvimiro zvekutsigira kuona kuti michina inoshanda zvakanaka.
5. Nzvimbo dzekufambisa: ASTM A252 Giredhi 3 pombi yesimbi inoshandiswa pakuvaka njanji, migwagwa mikuru, uye nzira dzekumhanya dzendege kuti ikwanise kutakura mutoro zvakakwana uye kugara kwenguva refu.
Kubva payakavambwa muna 2014,Simbi yeBotopyava mutengesi anotungamira wemapaipi esimbi yekabhoni kuChamhembe kweChina, inozivikanwa nebasa rakanaka kwazvo, zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro, uye mhinduro dzakakwana.
Simbi yeBotopInopa mapaipi akasiyana-siyana esimbi yekabhoni nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinoenderana nazvo, zvinosanganisira mapaipi esimbi asina musono, ERW, LSAW, uye SSAW, pamwe chete nehurongwa hwakazara hwemapipi nemaflange. Zvigadzirwa zvayo zvehunyanzvi zvinosanganisirawo alloys dzemhando yepamusoro nesimbi dzisina ngura dzinogadzirwa neaustenitic, dzakagadzirirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa nemapurojekiti akasiyana-siyana emapaipi.
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