ASTM A214 simbi chubhu yesimbi inodzivirira magetsi inoshandiswa muzvishandiso zvinochinja-chinja kupisa, zvinokonzeresa kupisa, nezvimwe zvakafanana. Inowanzo shandiswa pamachubhu esimbi ane dhayamita yekunze isingapfuuri 3in [76.2mm].
Saizi dzepombi dzesimbi dzinowanzo shandiswa ndedzinotevera:kwete kupfuura 3in [76.2mm].
Mamwe mapombi esimbi eERW anogona kupihwa saizi, chero bedzi pombi yakadaro ichizadzisa zvimwe zvese zvinodiwa zveiyi specification.
Zvinhu zvakapihwa pasi pechirevo ichi zvinofanirwa kuenderana nezvinodiwa zvechinyorwa chazvino cheSpecification A450/A450M. kunze kwekunge zvataurwa neimwe nzira pano.
Machubhu anofanira kugadzirwa nawelding inodzivirira magetsi (ERW).
Nemutengo wayo wakaderera wekugadzira, kururama kwayo kwakanyanya, simba rayo guru uye kugara kwenguva refu, uye kuchinjika kwedhizaini, pombi yesimbi yeERW yave chinhu chinodiwa kune akasiyana-siyana maindasitiri emapaipi, mainjiniya ekuvaka, uye mapurojekiti akasiyana-siyana ezvivakwa.
Mushure mekunamira, machubhu ese anofanira kupiswa nekupisa kwe1650°F [900°] kana kupfuura uye oteverwa nekutonhorera mumhepo kana mukamuri rekutonhorera rechoto chemhepo chinodzora.
Machubhu anodhonzwa nechando anofanira kugadziriswa nekupisa mushure mekunge adhonzwa nechando apera patembiricha ye1200°F [650°C] kana kupfuura.
| C(Kabhoni) | Mn(Manganese) | P(Fosforasi) | S(Sarufa) |
| yepamusoro 0.18% | 0.27-0.63 | yepamusoro 0.035% | yepamusoro 0.035% |
Hazvibvumirwi kupa mhando dzesimbi yesimbi inoda kuti pave nechimwe chinhu chisiri icho chakanyorwa.
Zvinodiwa zvemakanika hazvishande pamachubhu ane dhayamita yemukati iri pasi pe 0.126 mu [3.2 mm] kana ukobvu huri pasi pe 0.015 mu [0.4 mm].
Nzvimbo Inosungirira
Hapana zvinodiwa zvakananga zvezvivakwa zvekudhonza muASTM A214.
Izvi zvinodaro nekuti ASTM A214 inonyanya kushandiswa pakuchinjana kupisa uye macondenser. Magadzirirwo uye mashandiro emidziyo iyi haawanzo kuisa kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya pamachubhu. Kusiyana neizvi, kutariswa kwakanyanya kunopihwa pakukwanisa kwechubhu kutsungirira kumanikidzwa, hunhu hwayo hwekutamisa kupisa, uye kuramba kwayo ngura.
Muedzo weKubata-bata
Papombi yakasungirirwa, kureba kwechikamu chekuyedza kunodiwa hakusi pasi pe 4 in (100 mm).
Kuedza kwakaitwa mumatanho maviri:
Danho rekutanga bvunzo ye ductility, mukati kana kunze kwepombi yesimbi, hapafanirwe kuva nekutsemuka kana kutsemuka kusvika daro riri pakati pemaplate rava pasi pehuwandu hweH hwakaverengerwa zvichienderana nefomura inotevera.
H=(1+e)t/(e+t/D)
H= chinhambwe pakati pemaplate akatsetseka, mu. [mm],
t= ukobvu hwakatarwa hwemadziro echubhu, mu.[mm],
D= dhayamita yekunze yechubhu yakatarwa, mu. [mm],
e= 0.09 (kushanduka kwechimiro pahurefu hweyuniti)(0.09 yesimbi ine kabhoni shoma (kabhoni yakanyanya kutaurwa 0.18% kana pasi)).
Danho rechipiri kuyedzwa kwekuvimbika, iyo inofanira kuramba ichipfava kusvika muenzaniso watyoka kana kuti madziro epombi asangana. Mukati mebvunzo yekupfava, kana zvinhu zvakapfava kana zvisina kunaka zvikawanikwa, kana kuti weld isina kukwana, inofanira kurambwa.
Muedzo weFlange
Chikamu chepombi chinofanira kukwanisa kutenderedzwa panzvimbo yakakombama kumuviri wepombi pasina kutsemuka kana kusakwana kunogona kurambwa pasi pezvinodiwa nechinhu chacho.
Upamhi hweflange yesimbi dzekabhoni nedze alloy hahufanirwe kunge huri pasi pehuwandu hwezvikamu.
| Dhayamita yekunze | Upamhi hweFlange |
| Kusvika 2½ in[63.5mm], kusanganisira | 15% yeOD |
| Kupfuura 2½ kusvika 3¾ [63.5 kusvika 95.2], kusanganisira | 12.5% yeOD |
| Kupfuura 3¾ kusvika 8 [95.2 kusvika 203.2], kusanganisira | 15% yeOD |
Muedzo weKudzosera Kutsetseka
Chirongo chepayipi chakapedzwa chakasungirirwa chine urefu hwemainji mashanu (100 mm) muhukuru hunosvika 1/2 inches (12.7 mm) mudhayamita yekunze chinofanira kupatsanurwa 90° kumativi ese echidziro uye muenzaniso wacho unovhurwa wobva wati sandara nechidziro panzvimbo yekukombama kwakanyanya.
Hapana humbowo hwekuti matombo haana kupinda kana kuti haana kupindana nekuda kwekubviswa kwechiedza muweld.
Kuedza Kuoma
Kuoma kwechubhu hakufaniri kudarika72 HRBW.
Pamachubhu ane ukobvu hwemadziro hunosvika 0.200 mu [5.1 mm] zvichikwira, bvunzo yeBrinell kana Rockwell hardness inofanira kushandiswa.
Kuedzwa kwemagetsi kwemvura kana kuti kusingaparadzi kunoitwa papombi yega yega yesimbi.
Kuedzwa kweHydrostatic
Iyokukosha kwekumanikidzwa kwakanyanyainofanira kuchengetwa kwemasekonzi mashanu pasina kubuda mvura.
Kumanikidzwa kushoma kwe hydrostatic test kunoenderana nedhayamita yekunze uye ukobvu hwemadziro epombi. Inogona kuverengerwa nefomura.
Zviyero zveInch-Paundi: P = 32000 t/DorZvikamu zveSI: P = 220.6 t/D
P= kumanikidzwa kwekuyedza kwehydrostatic, psi kana MPa,
t= ukobvu hwemadziro hwakatarwa, mu. kana mm,
D= dhayamita yekunze yakatarwa, mukati kana mm.
Kumanikidzwa kukuru kwekuyedza, kutevedzera zvinodiwa pazasi.
| Dhayamita yekunze yeChubhu | Kumanikidzwa kwekuyedzwa kweHydrostatic, psi [MPa] | |
| OD 1 mu | OD ＜25.4 mm | 1000 [7] |
| 1≤ OD ＜1½ mu | 25.4≤ OD ±38.1 mm | 1500 [10] |
| 1½≤ OD ＜2 mu | 38.≤ OD ＜50.8 mm | 2000 [14] |
| 2≤ OD ＜3 mu | 50.8≤ OD ＜76.2 mm | 2500 [17] |
| 3≤ OD ＜5 mu | 76.2≤ OD ＜127 mm | 3500 [24] |
| OD ≥5 mu | OD ≥127 mm | 4500 [31] |
Muedzo weMagetsi Usingaparadzi
Chubhu yega yega inofanira kuongororwa nenzira dzisingaparadzi dzekuedza zvichienderana neSpecial E213, Specification E309 (zvinhu zveferromagnetic), Specification E426 (zvinhu zvisiri zvemagnetic), kana Specification E570.
Ruzivo runotevera rwunobva kuASTM A450 uye rwunosangana nezvinodiwa zvemapaipi esimbi akasungirirwa chete.
Kutsauka kwehuremu
0 - +10%, hapana kutsauka kwekudzikira.
Kurema kwepombi yesimbi kunogona kuverengerwa nefomura.
W = C(Dt)t
W= huremu, Ib/ft [kg/m],
C= 10.69 yeInch Units [0.0246615 yeSI Units],
D= dhayamita yekunze yakatarwa, mu. [mm],
t= ukobvu hwemadziro hushoma hwakatarwa, mu. [mm].
Kutsauka Kwehukobvu Hwemadziro
0 - +18%.
Kusiyana kweukobvu hwemadziro echikamu chimwe chete chepombi yesimbi 0.220 mu [5.6 mm] zvichikwira hakufanirwe kudarika ±5% yeavhareji chaiyo yeukobvu hwemadziro echikamu ichocho.
Ukobvu hwemadziro avhareji yeukobvu hwemadziro hwakakora uye hwakatetepa muchikamu chacho.
Kutsauka kwedhayamita yekunze
| Dhayamita yekunze | Misiyano Inobvumidzwa | ||
| in | mm | in | mm |
| OD ≤1 | OD ≤ 25.4 | ±0.004 | ± 0.1 |
| 1＜ OD ≤1½ | 25.4＜ OD ≤38.4 | ±0.006 | ± 0.15 |
| 1½＜ OD ＜2 | 38.1＜ OD ＜50.8 | ±0.008 | ± 0.2 |
| 2≤ OD ＜2½ | 50.8≤ OD ＜63.5 | ±0.010 | ± 0.25 |
| 2½≤ OD ＜3 | 63.5≤ OD ＜76.2 | ±0.012 | ±0.30 |
| 3≤ OD ≤4 | 76.2≤ OD ≤101.6 | ±0.015 | ± 0.38 |
| 4＜ OD ≤7½ | 101.6＜ OD ≤190.5 | -0.025 - +0.015 | -0.64 - +0.038 |
| 7½＜ OD ≤9 | 190.5＜ OD ≤228.6 | -0.045 - +0.015 | -1.14 - +0.038 |
Mafuta apera anofanira kunge asina chikero. Kupisa zvishoma hakufanirwe kuonekwa sechikero.
Chubhu yega yega inofanira kunyorwa zvakajeka nezita remugadziri kana rudzi, nhamba yakatarwa, uye ERW.
Zita remugadziri kana chiratidzo chinogona kuiswa zvachose pachubhu yega yega nekutenderedza kana kudzvanya zvishoma usati wagadzirisa.
Kana chitambi chimwe chete chikaiswa pachubhu nemaoko, chiratidzo ichi hachifanirwe kunge chiri pasi pe200 mm kubva kumucheto mumwe wechubhu.
Kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa: Kukwanisa kutsungirira tembiricha yakakwira nekumanikidzwa chinhu chakakosha mumasisitimu ekuchinjana kupisa.
Kufambisa kwakanaka kwekupisa: Zvinhu uye maitiro ekugadzira chubhu iyi yesimbi zvinovimbisa kufambiswa kwekupisa kwakanaka kwazvo kune zvishandiso zvinoda kuchinjana kupisa zvinobudirira.
Kugona kusundira: Chimwe chakanakira ndechekuti dzinogona kubatanidzwa zvakanaka nekunamira, zvichiita kuti kuisa nekugadzirisa zvive nyore.
Inonyanya kushandiswa muzvishandiso zvinochinja-chinja kupisa, zvinokonzeresa kupisa, uye mimwe michina yakafanana yekufambisa kupisa.
1. Zvinochinja-chinja kupisa: Mumabasa akasiyana-siyana emaindasitiri, ma "heat exchangers" anoshandiswa kutamisa simba rekupisa kubva kune rimwe mvura (mvura kana gasi) kuenda kune rimwe pasina kuabvumira kuti abatane zvakananga. Machubhu esimbi eASTM A214 anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumhando iyi yemidziyo nekuti anogona kutsungirira tembiricha yakakwira uye kumanikidzwa kunogona kuitika panguva yacho.
2. Zvikondensi: Makondenseri anonyanya kushandiswa kubvisa kupisa mukuita kwekutonhodza, semuenzaniso mufiriji nemhepo inotonhodza, kana kushandura hutsi kuita mvura muzviteshi zvemagetsi. Anoshandiswa muzviteshi izvi nekuda kwekushanda kwawo zvakanaka kwekupisa uye simba remuchina.
3. Midziyo yekutsinhana kupisa: Rudzi urwu rwechubhu yesimbi runoshandiswawo mune zvimwe zvishandiso zvekutsinhana kupisa zvakafanana nezvinoshandiswa pakuchinjana kupisa nemakondensa, zvakaita sema evaporator nema cooler.
ASTM A179: ichinhu chinodhonza kupisa chesimbi yakapfava uye chinodhonza kupisa chisina musono. Chinowanzo shandiswa muzvinhu zvakafanana, zvakaita sezvinhu zvinochinja kupisa uye zvinoderedza kupisa. Kunyangwe A179 isina musono, inopa hunhu hwakafanana hwekuchinjisa kupisa.
ASTM A178: Inovhara machubhu esimbi ecarbon-welded carbon uye carbon-manganese. Machubhu aya anoshandiswa mumaboiler nemasuperheaters, uye anogonawo kushandiswa mumashandisirwo ekupisa ane zvinodiwa zvakafanana, kunyanya kana paine zvinodiwa zvewelded members.
ASTM A192: inovhara machubhu ebhoyira esimbi yecarbon isina musono kuti ishandiswe mumhepo ine simba rakawanda. Kunyange zvazvo machubhu aya akagadzirirwa kushandiswa munzvimbo dzine simba rakawanda uye tembiricha yakakwira, zvinhu zvawo uye maitiro ekugadzira zvinoita kuti akwanise kushandiswa mune mimwe michina yekufambisa kupisa inoda simba rakawanda uye kudzivirira tembiricha.
Isu tiri vagadziri vemapaipi esimbi ecarbon emhando yepamusoro uye vatengesi vanobva kuChina, uye tiri vagadziri vemapaipi esimbi asina musono, tichikupai mhinduro dzakasiyana-siyana dzemapaipi esimbi!
Kana muine mibvunzo kana kuti muzive zvakawanda nezvezvinhu zvatinopa, musazeza kutibata. Mhinduro dzenyu dzemapaipi esimbi dzakanakira dziripo chete!
