ASTM A178machubhu esimbi ane simba rekudzivirira magetsi (ERW) machubhu esimbi yekabhoni nekabhoni-manganeseinoshandiswa semachubhu eboiler, maflue eboiler, maflue esuperheater, uye magumo ekuchengetedza.
Yakakodzera machubhu esimbi ane dhayamita yekunze ye12.7-127mm uye ukobvu hwemadziro huri pakati pe0.9-9.1mm.
Machubhu eASTM A178 akakodzera machubhu akasungirirwa ane resistance welded anedhayamita dzekunze dziri pakati pe1/2 - 5 mu [12.7 - 127 mm] uye ukobvu hwemadziro huri pakati pe0.035 - 0.360 mu [0.9 - 9.1 mm], kunyangwe mamwe masayizi aripo sezvinodiwa, chero bedzi machubhu aya achizadzisa zvimwe zvese zvinodiwa zveiyi specification.
Kune mhando nhatu dzekushandisa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekushandisa.
Giredhi A, Giredhi C, uye Giredhi D.
| Giredhi | Rudzi rweSimbi yeKabhoni |
| Giredhi A | Simbi Yekabhoni Yakaderera |
| Giredhi C | Simbi yeKabhoni Yepakati |
| Giredhi D | Simbi yeCarbon-Manganese |
Zvinhu zvakapihwa pasi pechirevo ichi zvinofanirwa kuenderana nezvinodiwa zvechinyorwa chazvino cheSpecification A450/A450M. kunze kwekunge zvataurwa neimwe nzira pano.
Giredhi AuyeGiredhi CUsataure simbi chaiyo; sarudza zvinhu zvakabikwa zvakakodzera sezvinodiwa.
Simbi yeGiredhi Danofanira kuurayiwa.
Simbi yakaurayiwa inogadzirwa nekuwedzera ma deoxidizer (semuenzaniso, silicon, aruminiyamu, manganese, nezvimwewo) kusimbi yakanyungudutswa panguva yekugadzira simbi, nokudaro zvichideredza kana kubvisa oxygen iri musimbi.
Kurapa uku kunovandudza kubatana uye kugadzikana kwesimbi, kunowedzera hunhu hwayo hwemakanika, uye kunovandudza kuramba kwayo ngura.
Saka simbi dzakaurayiwa dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukushandiswa uko kunodiwa huwandu hwakafanana uye hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika, zvakaita sekugadzira midziyo yekumanikidza, mabhoyira, uye zvikamu zvikuru zvechivakwa.
Machubhu esimbi anogadzirwa achishandisaERWmaitiro ekugadzira.
ERW (Kudzivirira Kushanda Kwemagetsi Kwakasungirirwa)inzira yakakodzera kwazvo yekugadzira mapaipi esimbi yekabhoni.
Nekuda kwesimba guru rekupinza, nzvimbo dzakatsetseka dzemukati nedzekunze, kukurumidza kugadzirwa, uye mutengo wakaderera, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakawanda yemaindasitiri nekuvaka.
ASTM A178pombi yesimbiinofanira kurapwa nekupisapanguva yekugadzira. Inoshandiswa kuvandudza hunhu hwemakanika uye kugadzikana kwechimiro chepombi, pamwe nekubvisa kushushikana kungave kwakaunzwa panguva yekunamira.
Mushure mekunamira, machubhu ese anofanira kupiswa patembiricha ye1650°F [900°C] kana kupfuura uye oteverwa nekutonhorera mumhepo kana mukamuri yekutonhorera yechoto chemhepo inodzorwa.
Machubhu anodhonzwa nechandoinofanira kugadziriswa kupisa mushure mekunge yapera kutonhora patembiricha ye1200°F [650°C] kana kupfuura.
Kana ongororo yechigadzirwa ichiitwa, kuwanda kwekuongorora kunotsanangurwa seizvi.
| Kupatsanura | Kuongororwa Kwakawanda |
| Dhayamita yekunze ≤ 3in [76.2mm] | 250 pcs/nguva |
| Dhayamita yekunze ＞ 3in [76.2mm] | 100 pcs/nguva |
| Siyanisa nenhamba yekupisa kwechubhu | Panhamba yekupisa |
Zvinodiwa zvehunhu hwemakanika hazvishande pamachubhu madiki pane 1/8 in. [3.2 mm] dhayamita yemukati kana 0.015 in. [0.4 mm] muukobvu.
1. Nzvimbo Inodhonza
Kukirasi C neD, bvunzo yekudhonza inofanira kuitwa pamachubhu maviri ari muchikamu chimwe nechimwe.
Pamachubhu eGiredhi A, kuyedzwa kwekudhonza hakuwanzodiwi. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti chubhu yeGiredhi A inonyanya kushandiswa pakushandisa pressure shoma uye tembiricha yakaderera.
Tafura 3 inopa huremu hushoma hwakaverengerwa hwekureba kwemadziro hwe1/32 in. [0.8 mm] pakuderera kweukobvu hwemadziro.
Kana ukobvu hwemadziro epombi yesimbi husiri humwe hweukobvu hwemadziro aya, hunogonawo kuverengerwa nefomura.
Zviyero zveInch: E = 48t + 15.00kanaZvikamu zveISI: E = 1.87t + 15.00
E = kureba mu 2 in. kana 50 mm, %,
t= ukobvu chaihwo hwemuenzaniso, mu. [mm].
2. Muedzo weCrush
Miedzo yekuburitsa mvura inoitirwa pazvikamu zvepaipi zvine urefu hwemainji 63 mm izvo zvinofanira kumira pakuburitsa mvura kwenguva refu pasina kutsemuka, kutsemuka, kana kutsemuka pazvisungo.
Pakuvharira chubhu iri pasi pe 1 in. [25.4 mm] mudhayamita yekunze, kureba kwemuenzaniso kunofanira kunge kwakapetwa kaviri nehafu yedhayamita yekunze yechubhu. Kuongororwa kudiki kwenzvimbo hakuzove chikonzero chekurambwa.
3. Muedzo weKutsvedza
Nzira yekuyedza iyi inoenderana nezvinodiwa zveASTM A450 Chikamu 19.
4. Muedzo weFlange
Nzira yekuyedza iyi inoenderana nezvinodiwa zveASTM A450 Chikamu 22.
5. Muedzo weKudzosera Kutsetseka
Nzira yekuyedza iyi inoenderana nezvinodiwa zveASTM A450, Chikamu 20.
Kuedzwa kwemagetsi kwemvura kana kuti kusingaparadzi kunoitwa papombi yega yega yesimbi.
Zvinodiwa zvinoenderana neASTM A450, Chikamu 24 kana 26.
Ruzivo runotevera rwunobva kuASTM A450 uye rwunosangana nezvinodiwa zvemapaipi esimbi akasungirirwa chete.
Kutsauka kwehuremu
0 - +10%.
Kutsauka Kwehukobvu Hwemadziro
0 - +18%.
Kutsauka kwedhayamita yekunze
| Dhayamita yekunze | Misiyano Inobvumidzwa | ||
| in | mm | in | mm |
| OD ≤1 | OD≤ 25.4 | ±0.004 | ± 0.1 |
| 1 OD ≤1½ | 25.4 ± OD ≤38.4 | ±0.006 | ± 0.15 |
| 1½ OD 2 | 38.1＜ OD＜50.8 | ±0.008 | ± 0.2 |
| 2≤ OD ＜2½ | 50.8≤ OD ＜63.5 | ±0.010 | ± 0.25 |
| 2½≤ OD ＜3 | 63.5≤ OD ＜76.2 | ±0.012 | ±0.30 |
| 3≤ OD ≤4 | 76.2≤ OD ≤101.6 | ±0.015 | ± 0.38 |
| 4＜OD ≤7½ | 101.6＜OD ≤190.5 | -0.025 - +0.015 | -0.64 - +0.038 |
| 7½＜ OD ≤9 | 190.5＜ OD ≤228.6 | -0.045 - +0.015 | -1.14 - +0.038 |
Mushure mekuiswa mubhoyira, chubhu inofanira kukwanisa kukurira kukura nekukombama pasina zvikanganiso zvekutsemuka kana kutsemuka pakutsvedza.
Machubhu e superheater anofanira kukwanisa kutsungirira mabasa ese ekuumba, kubatanidza, uye kukotama pasina zvikanganiso.
Inonyanya kushandiswa mumachubhu eboiler, ma boiler flues, ma superheater flues, uye ma safe end.
ASTM A178 Giredhi AKuwanda kwekabhoni shoma muchubhu iyi kunoita kuti ikwanise kusvetwa zvakanaka uye kusimba zvakanyanya pakushandisa kwayo iyo isingamanikidzwe zvakanyanya.
Inonyanya kushandiswa pamashandisirwo emagetsi ane simba shoma uye tembiricha iri pakati nepakati akadai semabhoyira ane simba shoma (semuenzaniso, mabhoyira emumba, chivakwa chidiki chemahofisi, kana mabhoyira emufekitori) uye mamwe ma "heat exchangers" munzvimbo dzine tembiricha yakaderera.
ASTM A178 Giredhi Cine huwandu hwakawanda hwekabhoni nemanganese zvinopa chubhu iyi simba riri nani uye kuramba kupisa zviri nani mumamiriro ekushanda akaomarara.
Yakakodzera kushandiswa kwemhepo ine simba uye tembiricha iri pakati nepakati senge mabhoyira emumaindasitiri neemvura inopisa, ayo anowanzo da kumanikidzwa uye tembiricha yakakwira kupfuura mabhoyira emumba.
ASTM A178 Giredhi DMachubhu ane huwandu hwakawanda hwemanganese uye huwandu hwakakodzera hwesilicon kuti ape simba rakanaka uye anodzivirira kupisa, zvichiita kuti agare akasimba munzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya uye dzine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye akakodzera kutsungirira mamiriro ekushanda akaipisisa.
Inowanzo shandiswa munzvimbo dzine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye tembiricha yepamusoro, senge mabhoyira emagetsi uye ma superheater emumaindasitiri.
1. ASTM A179 / ASME SA179: Chinochinja-chinja kupisa chesimbi yakapfava uye machubhu econdenser asina musono ekushandira cryogenic. Chinonyanya kushandiswa munzvimbo dzine kumanikidzwa kwakaderera, chakafanana muhunhu hwemakemikari nehunyanzvi hwemakanika neASTM A178.
2. ASTM A192 / ASME SA192: Machubhu ebhoyira esimbi yekabhoni isina musono ari kushanda pakumanikidzwa kwakanyanya. Anonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira madziro emvura, zvinochengetedza hupfumi nezvimwe zvikamu zvekumanikidzwa zvemabhoyira ane kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya.
3. ASTM A210 / ASME SA210: Inovhara boiler yesimbi ine kabhoni yepakati nepakati uye machubhu e superheater ekushandisa ma boiler ane tembiricha yepamusoro uye ane pressure yepakati.
4. DIN 17175: Machubhu nemapaipi esimbi asina musono ekushandisa munzvimbo dzine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye tembiricha yakakwira. Anonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira mapaipi emhepo yekubikira nemidziyo yekumanikidza.
5. EN 10216-2: Inopa mamiriro ehunyanzvi emachubhu nemapombi asina musono esimbi dzisina alloy ne alloy dzine hunhu hwakatarwa hwekupisa kwepamusoro-soro hwekushandiswa pasi pekumanikidzwa.
6. JIS G3461: Inofukidza machubhu esimbi yekabhoni emabhaira uye ma heat exchangers. Yakakodzera mamiriro ekunze ekupisa ane pressure yakaderera uye yepakati.
Isu tiri vagadziri vemapaipi esimbi ecarbon emhando yepamusoro uye vatengesi vanobva kuChina, uye tiri vagadziri vemapaipi esimbi asina musono, tichikupai mhinduro dzakasiyana-siyana dzemapaipi esimbi!
Kana muine mibvunzo kana kuti muzive zvakawanda nezvezvinhu zvatinopa, musazeza kutibata. Mhinduro dzenyu dzemapaipi esimbi dzakanakira dziripo chete!
