Imiyoboro y'icyuma idafite umugozi igabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri: imiyoboro y'icyuma idafite umugozi ishyushye (isohoka) n'imiyoboro y'icyuma idafite umugozi ikururwa ikonje (isohoka) bitewe n'uburyo ikorwamo butandukanye.
Incamake y'uburyo ibintu bikorwa: gushyushya bishyushye (umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite umugozi): agakoresho k'icyuma kizunguruka → gushyushya → gutobora → gupfunyika imigozi itatu, gupfunyika cyangwa gusohora → gukuraho umuyoboro → ingano (cyangwa kugabanya) → gukonjesha → umuyoboro w'icyuma.
Bitewe n'ikoreshwa ryayo ritandukanye, imiyoboro y'icyuma idafunze igabanyijemo ubwoko bukurikira: GB/T8162 (imiyoboro y'icyuma idafunze ikoreshwa mu bwubatsi), icyuma cya karuboni No. 20 na No. 45; icyuma cy'ibyuma Q345, 20Cr, 40Cr, 20CrMo, 30-35CrMo, 42CrMo, nibindi.
GB/T8163 (imiyoboro y'icyuma idakora neza yo gutwara amazi). Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutwara imiyoboro y'amazi ku bikoresho binini n'iby'ikoranabuhanga. Ibikoresho bihagarariye (amanota) ni 20, Q345, nibindi.
GB3087 (imiyoboro y'icyuma idakora neza ikoreshwa mu byuma bishyushya umuvuduko muto n'uciriritse). Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu byuma bishyushya umuvuduko muto n'uciriritse mu byuma bishyushya umuvuduko muto n'uciriritse mu nganda no mu byuma bishyushya mu ngo. Ibikoresho bihagarariye ni icyuma cya No. 10 na No. 20.
GB5310 (imiyoboro y'icyuma idakora neza ikoreshwa mu byuma bishyushya umuvuduko mwinshi). Ikoreshwa cyane cyane ku byuma bishyushya umuvuduko mwinshi n'imiyoboro ku byuma bishyushya mu nganda z'amashanyarazi no mu nganda z'ingufu za kirimbuzi. Ibikoresho bihagarariye ni 20G, 12Cr1MoVG, 15CrMoG, nibindi.
GB5312 (imiyoboro y'icyuma cya karuboni n'icyuma cya karuboni-manganese cy'ibyuma bidakora ku bwato). Ikoreshwa cyane cyane ku miyoboro y'igitutu cyo mu cyiciro cya mbere n'icya kabiri ku byuma bishyushya amato n'ibishyushya cyane. Ibikoresho bihagarariye ni ibyuma bifite uburebure bwa 360, 410, 460, nibindi.
GB1479 (imiyoboro y'icyuma idakora neza ikoreshwa mu bikoresho by'ifumbire mvaruganda bifite umuvuduko mwinshi). Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutwara imiyoboro y'amazi ashyushye cyane n'afite umuvuduko mwinshi ku bikoresho by'ifumbire mvaruganda. Ibikoresho bihagarariye ni 20, 16Mn, 12CrMo, 12Cr2Mo, nibindi.
GB9948 (imiyoboro y'icyuma idakora neza yo gusya peteroli). Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu byuma bishyushya, mu byuma bihindura ubushyuhe n'imiyoboro yo gutwara amazi mu byuma bishongesha peteroli. Ibikoresho byayo ni 20, 12CrMo, 1Cr5Mo, 1Cr19Ni11Nb n'ibindi.
GB3093 (umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite umuvuduko mwinshi kuri moteri ya mazutu). Ikoreshwa cyane cyane ku miyoboro ya lisansi ifite umuvuduko mwinshi wo gutera moteri ya mazutu. Umuyoboro w'icyuma muri rusange ni umuyoboro ukonje ukururwa, kandi ibikoresho byawo ni 20A.
GB/T3639 (imiyoboro y'icyuma ikozwe mu buryo bukonje cyangwa ikonje). Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu nyubako za mekanike n'ibikoresho byo gukaranga karuboni, imiyoboro y'icyuma isaba ubuziranenge bwo hejuru no kurangiza neza ubuso. Ibikoresho byayo ni ibyuma 20, 45 n'ibindi.
GB/T3094 (umuyoboro w'icyuma ukonje ukozwe mu buryo budasanzwe). Ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora ibice bitandukanye by'imiterere, kandi ibikoresho byawo ni icyuma cy'imiterere cya karuboni cyiza cyane n'icyuma cy'imiterere gito.
GB/T8713 (Imiyoboro y'icyuma ifite umurambararo mwiza w'imbere ku byuma bya hydraulic na pneumatic). Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora imiyoboro y'icyuma ifite umurambararo ukonje cyangwa ikonje ifite umurambararo mwiza w'imbere ku byuma bya hydraulic na pneumatic. Ibikoresho byayo ni ibyuma 20, 45 n'ibindi.
GB13296 (imiyoboro y'icyuma kidakora neza ikoreshwa mu byuma bishyushya n'ibishyushya). Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu byuma bishyushya, ibishyushya cyane, ibishyushya, ibishyushya, imiyoboro ishyushya, nibindi by'ibigo by'imiti. Ibikoresho byayo ni 0Cr18Ni9, 1Cr18Ni9Ti, 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti, nibindi.
GB/T14975 (umuyoboro w'icyuma kidafunze udafite umugozi wo gukoreshwa mu nyubako). Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu nyubako rusange (amahoteli, imitako ya resitora) n'inyubako za mashini zirwanya umwuka, ingese ya aside n'umuyoboro w'icyuma ufite imbaraga runaka. Ibikoresho byayo ni 0-3Cr13, 0Cr18Ni9, 1Cr18Ni9Ti, 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti, nibindi.
GB/T14976 (umuyoboro w'icyuma kidafunze udafite umugozi wo gutwara amazi). Ikoreshwa cyane cyane ku miyoboro itwara ibintu byangiza. Ibikoresho bihagarariye ni 0Cr13, 0Cr18Ni9, 1Cr18Ni9Ti, 0Cr17Ni12Mo2, 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti, nibindi.
YB/T5035 (imiyoboro y'icyuma idafite umushono ikoreshwa mu gufunga imiyoboro y'imirongo y'imodoka). Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora imiyoboro y'icyuma ifite imiterere ya karuboni nziza n'icyuma cy'icyuma gishyushye gikozwe mu byuma bishyushye bikozwe mu byuma bifunga imiyoboro y'imirongo y'imodoka n'imiyoboro y'imirongo y'imirongo y'imirongo. Ibikoresho byayo ni 45, 45Mn2, 40Cr, 20CrNi3A n'ibindi.
API SPEC5CT (Ibisobanuro by'isukari n'imiyoboro y'amazi) yakusanyijwe kandi igatangazwa n'Ikigo cy'Abanyamerika gishinzwe Peteroli (Ikigo cy'Abanyamerika gishinzwe Peteroli, cyitwa "API") kandi ikoreshwa cyane ku isi yose.
Muri byo, agasanduku: umuyoboro uva hasi ujya mu mwobo nk'aho utwikiriye urukuta rw'iriba, kandi imiyoboro ihuzwa n'amakariso. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi ni ibyuma nka J55, N80, na P110, hamwe n'ibyuma nka C90 na T95 birwanya ingese ya hydrogen sulfide.
Umuyoboro w'amavuta: Umuyoboro winjizwa mu gisenge uhereye ku butaka ukagera ku gice cy'amavuta, maze imiyoboro igahuzwa n'imigozi cyangwa iy'inyongera. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi ni J55, N80, P110, n'ibice by'icyuma nka C90 na T95 birwanya ingese ya hydrogen sulfide. API SPEC 5L (Ibisobanuro by'Umuyoboro w'Amavuta), yakusanyijwe kandi igatangazwa n'Ikigo cy'Abanyamerika gishinzwe Peteroli, ikoreshwa cyane ku isi yose. Umuyoboro w'Amavuta: ni uwo gutwara peteroli, gazi cyangwa amazi kuva mu mwobo kugera mu nganda za peteroli na gazi binyuze mu muyoboro w'amavuta.
Imiyoboro y'imirongo irimo imiyoboro idakora kandi ivanze, naho impera z'imiyoboro zifite impera zitambitse, impera z'imigozi n'impera z'imigozi; uburyo bwo guhuza ni gusudira impera, guhuza ikariso, guhuza imigozi, n'ibindi. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi by'umuyoboro ni B, X42, X56, X65, X70 n'ibindi byuma by'agaciro.
Uduce tw’ubusa dukoreshwa mu miyoboro y’icyuma ivanze ni ibyuma byabugenewe cyangwa ibyuma byabugenewe. Bitewe n’ibikoresho n’imikorere yabyo itandukanye, imiyoboro ivanze igabanyijemo imiyoboro ivanze mu itanura, imiyoboro ikoresha amashanyarazi (irwanya uburinzi) n’imiyoboro ivanze mu buryo bwikora. Bitewe n’imiterere yayo ya nyuma, igabanyijemo imiyoboro izengurutse n’imiyoboro ifite imiterere yihariye (kare, irambuye, n’ibindi) ivanze ku mpamvu zitandukanye, kandi igabanyijemo ubwoko bukurikira:
GB/T3091 (umuyoboro w'icyuma ukozwe muri galvanized wo kohereza amazi mu buryo burimo umuvuduko muto). Ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutwara amazi, gazi, umwuka, amavuta no gushyushya amazi ashyushye cyangwa umwuka w'umwuka n'andi mazi akoreshwa mu buryo burimo umuvuduko muto n'ibindi bikorwa. Ibikoresho byawo ni icyuma cyo mu rwego rwa Q235A.
GB/T3092 (umuyoboro w'icyuma ukozwe muri galvanized wo kohereza amazi mu buryo burimo umuvuduko muto). Ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutwara amazi, gazi, umwuka, amavuta no gushyushya amazi ashyushye cyangwa umwuka w'umwuka n'andi mazi akoreshwa mu buryo burimo umuvuduko muto n'ibindi bikorwa. Ibikoresho byawo ni: icyuma cyo mu rwego rwa Q235A.
GB/T14291 (imiyoboro y'icyuma ishongeshejwe kugira ngo itware amazi mu birombe). Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu miyoboro y'icyuma ishongeshejwe igororotse kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu mwuka ufunze, mu gusohora amazi, no mu gusohora umwuka mu mwobo. Ibikoresho byayo ni icyuma cya Q235A na B.
GB/T14980 (Imiyoboro minini y'icyuma ikoreshwa n'amashanyarazi ikoreshwa mu gutwara amazi mu buryo buri hasi). Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutwara amazi, imyanda, gazi, umwuka, umwuka ushyushya n'andi mazi afite umuvuduko muto n'ibindi bikorwa. Ibikoresho byayo ni icyuma cyo mu rwego rwa Q235A.
GB/T12770 (imiyoboro y'icyuma idafunze ikoreshwa mu byuma bi ...
GB/T12771 (imiyoboro y'icyuma idafunze ikoreshwa mu gutwara amazi). Ibikoresho bihagarariye ni 0Cr13, 0Cr19Ni9, 00Cr19Ni11, 00Cr17, 0Cr18Ni11Nb, 0017Cr17Ni14Mo2, nibindi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-14-2023