Q345 ni ibikoresho by'icyuma. Ni icyuma gikoresha aloyi nkeya (C<0.2%), gikoreshwa cyane mu bwubatsi, ibiraro, ibinyabiziga, amato, imiyoboro y'umuvuduko, nibindi. Q yerekana imbaraga z'umusaruro w'iki gikoresho, naho 345 ikurikira ivuga ku gaciro k'umusaruro w'iki gikoresho, kangana na 345 MPa. Kandi agaciro k'umusaruro kazagabanuka uko ubunini bw'igikoresho bwiyongera.
Q345 ifite imiterere myiza ya mekanike, imikorere myiza yemewe n'ubushyuhe buri hasi, imiterere myiza ya pulasitiki no gusudira, kandi ikoreshwa nk'inyubako, ibice bya mekanike, inyubako, ibice rusange by'inyubako z'icyuma, bishyushye cyangwa bisanzwe, bishobora gukoreshwa mu nyubako zitandukanye mu turere dukonje turi munsi ya -40°C.
Gushyira mu byiciro
Q345 ishobora kugabanywamo Q345A,Q345B, Q345C, Q345D, Q345E hakurikijwe icyiciro. Icyo bagereranya ahanini ni ubushyuhe bw'ihungabana.
Urwego rwa Q345A, nta ngaruka;
Urwego rwa Q345B, ingaruka z'ubushyuhe busanzwe bwa dogere 20;
Urwego rwa Q345C, ni ingaruka za dogere 0;
Urwego rwa Q345D, ni -20 dogere;
Urwego rwa Q345E, ni -40 dogere.
Ku bushyuhe butandukanye bw'ihungabana, agaciro k'ihungabana na ko karatandukanye.
imiterere y'ibinyabutabire
Q345A：C≤0.20,Mn ≤1.7，Si≤0.55，P≤0.045，S≤0.045，V 0.02~0.15；
Q345B：C≤0.20， Mn ≤1.7，Si≤0.55，P≤0.040，S≤0.040，V 0.02~0.15；
Q345C：C≤0.20，Mn ≤1.7，Si≤0.55，P≤0.035，S≤0.035，V 0.02~0.15，Al≥0.015；
Q345D：C≤0.20，Mn ≤1.7，Si≤0.55，P≤0.030，S≤0.030，V 0.02~0.15，Al≥0.015；
Q345E：C≤0.20，Mn ≤1.7，Si≤0.55，P≤0.025，S≤0.025，V 0.02~0.15，Al≥0.015；
ugereranije na Mn 16
Ibyuma bya Q345 bisimbura ubwoko bwa kera bwa 12MnV, 14MnNb, 18Nb, 16MnRE, 16Mn n'ubundi bwoko bw'ibyuma, ntabwo ari ugusimbura icyuma cya 16Mn gusa. Ku bijyanye n'imiterere ya shimi, 16Mn na Q345 nabyo biratandukanye. Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, hari itandukaniro rinini mu bunini bw'itsinda ry'ubunini bw'ibyuma bibiri bitewe n'itandukaniro ry'imbaraga z'umusaruro, kandi ibi bizatera impinduka mu bunini bwemewe bw'ibikoresho bifite ubunini bumwe na bumwe. Kubwibyo, ntibikwiye gukoresha gusa ubunini bwemewe bw'icyuma cya 16Mn kuri Q345, ariko ubunini bwemewe bugomba kongera kugenwa hakurikijwe ingano nshya y'itsinda ry'ubunini bw'icyuma.
Igipimo cy'ibintu by'ingenzi bigize icyuma cya Q345 muri rusange ni kimwe n'icy'icyuma cya 16Mn, itandukaniro ni uko ibintu bya alloy bya V, Ti na Nb byongerwaho. Uduce duto twa V, Ti, na Nb dutuma ibyuma bivangavanze bishobora kunoza ibinyampeke, bikongera cyane ubukomere bw'icyuma, kandi bikongera cyane imiterere y'icyuma. Niyo mpamvu kandi ubunini bw'icyuma bushobora kongerwamo. Kubwibyo, imiterere y'icyuma cya Q345 igomba kuba nziza kurusha icyuma cya 16Mn, cyane cyane ko imikorere yacyo y'ubushyuhe buke idahari mu cyuma cya 16Mn. Uburemere bwemewe bw'icyuma cya Q345 buri hejuru gato y'icyuma cya 16Mn.
kugereranya imikorere
Q345Dumuyoboro udafite umushonoImiterere ya mekanike:
Ingufu zo gukurura: 490-675 Ingufu zo gutanga umusaruro: ≥345 Uburebure: ≥22
Q345Bumuyoboro udafite umushonoImiterere ya mekanike:
Ingufu zo gukurura: 490-675 Ingufu zo gutanga umusaruro: ≥345 Uburebure: ≥21
Imiterere y'imiyoboro ya Q345A idafite umugozi:
Ingufu zo gukurura: 490-675 Ingufu zo gutanga umusaruro: ≥345 Uburebure: ≥21
Imiterere y'imiyoboro ya Q345C idakora neza:
Ingufu zo gukurura: 490-675 Ingufu zo gutanga umusaruro: ≥345 Uburebure: ≥22
Imiterere y'imiyoboro ya Q345E idafite umugozi:
Ingufu zo gukurura: 490-675 Ingufu zo gutanga umusaruro: ≥345 Uburebure: ≥22
Uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa
Icyuma cya Q345D ugereranije n'icyuma cya Q345A, B, C. Ubushyuhe bw'igerageza ry'ingufu z'ubushyuhe buke ni buke. Imikorere myiza. Ingano y'ibintu byangiza P na S iri hasi ugereranyije n'iya Q345A, B na C. Igiciro ku isoko kiri hejuru ugereranyije na Q345A, B, C.
Ibisobanuro bya Q345D:
① Igizwe na Q + umubare + ikimenyetso cy’ubuziranenge + ikimenyetso cy’uburyo bwo gukuraho ogisijeni. Umubare wayo w’icyuma ubanjirijwe na "Q", ugaragaza aho icyuma gikura, kandi umubare uri inyuma yayo ugaragaza agaciro k’aho icyuma gikura muri MPa. Urugero, Q235 ihagarariye icyuma cy’imiterere ya karuboni gifite aho icyuma gikura (σs) cya 235 MPa.
②Niba bibaye ngombwa, ikimenyetso kigaragaza urwego rw'ubuziranenge n'uburyo bwo gukuraho ogisijeni gishobora gushyirwaho ikimenyetso inyuma y'inomero y'icyuma. Ibimenyetso by'urwego rw'ubuziranenge ni A, B, C, D uko bikurikirana. Ikimenyetso cy'uburyo bwo gukuraho ogisijeni: F bisobanura icyuma gishyuha; b bivuga icyuma cyishwe kimwe; Z bivuga icyuma cyishwe; TZ bivuga icyuma cyishwe cyihariye, kandi icyuma cyishwe ntigishobora gushyirwaho ibimenyetso, ni ukuvuga ko Z na TZ byombi bishobora gusibwa. Urugero, Q235-AF bivuga icyuma gishyuha cyo mu rwego rwa A.
③ Icyuma cya karuboni gikoreshwa mu bintu byihariye, nk'icyuma cyo mu kiraro, icyuma cyo mu mazi, nibindi, ahanini gikoresha uburyo bwo kugaragaza icyuma cy’imiterere ya karuboni, ariko inyuguti igaragaza icyo gikoreshwa yongerwa ku mpera y'inomero y'icyuma.
Intangiriro y'ibikoresho
| ikintu | C≤ | Mn | Si≤ | P≤ | S≤ | Al≥ | V | Nb | Ti |
| ibikubiye | 0.2 | 1.0-1.6 | 0.55 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.015 | 0.02-0.15 | 0.015-0.06 | 0.02-0.2 |
Imiterere ya mekanike ya Q345C ni iyi ikurikira (%):
| Igipimo cy'imiterere y'imashini | Uburebure (%) | Ubushyuhe bw'ikizamini 0℃ | MPa ifite imbaraga zo gukurura | Aho umusaruro ugarukira MPa≥ |
| agaciro | δ5≥22 | J≥34 | σb (470-650) | σs （324-259） |
Iyo ubugari bw'urukuta buri hagati ya mm 16-35, σs≥325Mpa; iyo ubugari bw'urukuta buri hagati ya mm 35-50, σs≥295Mpa
2. Imiterere y'icyuma cya Q345 cyo gusudira
2.1 Kubara ingano ya karuboni (Ceq)
Ceq = C + Mn / 6 + Ni / 15 + Cu / 15 + Cr / 5 + Mo / 5 + V / 5
Nibara Ceq = 0.49%, biruta 0.45%, bigaragara ko imikorere yo gusudira y'icyuma cya Q345 atari myiza cyane, kandi ingamba zikomeye z'ikoranabuhanga zigomba gutegurwa mu gihe cyo gusudira.
2.2 Ibibazo bishobora kubaho mu byuma bya Q345 mu gihe cyo gusudira
2.2.1 Uburyo bwo gukomera mu gace kagizweho ingaruka n'ubushyuhe
Mu gihe cyo gusudira no gukonjesha icyuma cya Q345, imiterere ya martensite irazima ikorwa byoroshye mu gace kagizweho n'ubushyuhe, ibyo byongera ubukana no kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'agace kari hafi y'umugozi. Ingaruka ni imikaka nyuma yo gusudira.
2.2.2 Uburyo bwo kwibasirwa n'ubukonje
Uduce two gusudira tw’icyuma cya Q345 ahanini ni uduce dukonje.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-20-2023