Bitewe n'uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora, imiyoboro y'icyuma idafite umushongi ishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri:umuyoboro w'icyuma ushyushye (extrusion) udafite umugozin'umuyoboro w'icyuma ukonje (uzingiye) udakora neza.Imiyoboro ikonje (izungurutse)bigabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri: imiyoboro izengurutse n'imiyoboro ifite ishusho.
Incamake y'Ibikorwa
Umuyoboro w'icyuma ushyushye (ufite icyuma kidasohoka): umuyoboro uzunguruka udafite icyuho, utobora imiyoboro itatu, utobora umuyoboro ukomeza cyangwa utobora, utobora umuyoboro udafite icyuho, utobora ikimenyetso cya hydraulic test (cyangwa ugaragaza inenge) mu bubiko.
Umuyoboro w'icyuma gikonje (uzungurutse) udafite umugozi: umuyoboro uzengurutse udafite ikintu gishyushya umutwe utoboye amavuta yo gusiga aside (umuringa upfundikiye) igishushanyo gikonjesha gikonjesha (gupfundika gikonje) ububiko bw'ikimenyetso gishyushya gikozwe mu muyoboro udafite ikintu gishyushya.
Imiyoboro y'icyuma idafite umushono igabanyijemo ubwoko bukurikira bitewe n'uburyo ikoreshwamo butandukanye:
GB/T8162-2008 (umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite umushono ku nyubako). Ikoreshwa cyane cyane ku nyubako rusange n'imashini. Ibikoresho byayo (ikirango): icyuma cya karuboni 20, icyuma cya 45; icyuma cya alloy Q345, 20Cr, 40Cr, 20CrMo, 30-35CrMo, 42CrMo n'ibindi.
GB/T8163-2008 (umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite umushongi wo gutwara amazi). Ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutwara imiyoboro y'amazi ku bikoresho binini n'iby'ikoranabuhanga. Ibikoresho bihagarariye (ikirango) ni 20, Q345, n'ibindi.
GB3087-2008 (umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite umushongi ukoreshwa mu byuma bishyushya umuvuduko muto n'uciriritse). Ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu byuma bishyushya umuvuduko muto n'uciriritse mu byuma bishyushya umuvuduko muto n'uciriritse mu nganda no mu byuma bishyushya mu ngo. Ibikoresho biyigize ni icyuma No. 10 na No. 20.
GB5310-2008 (imiyoboro y'icyuma idakora neza ikoreshwa mu byuma bitanga umuvuduko mwinshi). Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu masanduku n'imiyoboro itwara amazi ashyushye cyane n'umuvuduko mwinshi ku mashanyarazi no ku byuma bitanga ingufu za kirimbuzi. Ibikoresho biyiranga ni 20G, 12Cr1MoVG, 15CrMoG, nibindi.
GB5312-1999 (icyuma cya karuboni n'icyuma cya karuboni-manganese cy'icyuma kidakora ku bwato). Ikoreshwa cyane cyane ku miyoboro y'igitutu cya I na II ku byuma bishyushya amato n'ibishyushya cyane. Ibikoresho bifatika ni ibyuma bifite uburebure bwa 360, 410, 460, nibindi.
GB6479-2000 (umuyoboro w'icyuma udakora neza ukoreshwa mu bikoresho by'ifumbire mvaruganda bifite umuvuduko mwinshi). Ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutwara imiyoboro y'amazi ashyushye cyane n'umuvuduko mwinshi ku bikoresho by'ifumbire. Ibikoresho bingana na 20, 16Mn, 12CrMo, 12Cr2Mo n'ibindi nk'ibyo.
GB9948-2006 (umuyoboro w'icyuma utagira umushongi wo gusya peteroli). Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu byuma bishyushya, mu byuma bihindura ubushyuhe n'imiyoboro yo gutwara amazi mu byuma bishongesha peteroli. Ibikoresho biyigize ni 20, 12CrMo, 1Cr5Mo, 1Cr19Ni11Nb n'ibindi nk'ibyo.
GB18248-2000 (umuyoboro w'icyuma udakora neza wa silindiri za gaze). Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora silindiri zitandukanye za gaze na hydraulic. Ibikoresho biyigize ni 37Mn, 34Mn2V, 35CrMo, n'ibindi nk'ibyo.
GB/T17396-1998 (umuyoboro w'icyuma ushyushye udafite umugozi wo gukoresha ibikoresho bya hydraulic). Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora ibikoresho bya hydraulic mine, inkingi, n'izindi hydraulic silinda n'inkingi. Ibikoresho byayo ni 20, 45, 27SiMn n'ibindi nk'ibyo.
GB3093-1986 (umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite umuvuduko mwinshi kuri moteri za mazutu). Ukoreshwa cyane cyane ku muyoboro w'amavuta ufite umuvuduko mwinshi wo guterwa moteri za mazutu. Umuyoboro w'icyuma muri rusange ni umuyoboro ukonje ukururwa, kandi ibikoresho byawo ni 20A.
GB/T3639-1983 (umuyoboro w'icyuma ukozwe mu buryo bukonje cyangwa bukonje). Ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu nyubako za mekanike, ibikoresho by'umuvuduko wa karuboni, imiyoboro y'icyuma ifite ubuziranenge bwo hejuru n'ubuso bwiza. Uhagarariye ibikoresho 20, 45 by'icyuma n'ibindi.
GB/T3094-1986 (umuyoboro w'icyuma ukonje ukozwe mu buryo butagira umugozi). Ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora ibice bitandukanye by'imiterere n'ibice, ibikoresho ni icyuma cy'imiterere cya karuboni cyiza cyane n'icyuma cy'imiterere gito.
GB/T8713-1988 (umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite umurambararo w'imbere ukoreshwa mu byuma bikozwe mu mazina ya hydraulic na pneumatic). Ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora imiyoboro y'icyuma idafite umurambararo ikonje cyangwa ikonje ifite umurambararo w'imbere ukoreshwa mu byuma bikozwe mu mazina ya hydraulic na pneumatic. Ibikoresho byawo ni ibyuma 20, 45 n'ibindi.
GB13296-2007 (imiyoboro y'icyuma kidakora neza ikoreshwa mu byuma bishyushya n'ibishyushya). Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu byuma bishyushya, ibishyushya binini, ibishyushya bishyushya, ibishyushya bikonjesha, imiyoboro ishyushya, nibindi by'ibigo by'imiti. Imiyoboro y'icyuma irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi, kandi irwanya ingese. Ibikoresho biyiranga ni 0Cr18Ni9, 1Cr18Ni9Ti, 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti n'ibindi nk'ibyo.
GB/T14975-2002 (umuyoboro w'icyuma kidafunze udafite umugozi ukozwe mu cyuma). Ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu miterere rusange (gushushanya hoteli, resitora) n'umuyoboro w'icyuma mu kwangirika k'ikirere na aside kandi ufite imbaraga runaka mu miterere y'ibicuruzwa bya shimi. Ibikoresho biyiranga ni 0-3Cr13, 0Cr18Ni9, 1Cr18Ni9Ti, 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti n'ibindi nk'ibyo.
GB/T14976-2002 (umuyoboro w'icyuma kidafunze udafite umugozi wo gutwara amazi). Ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutwara ibintu byangiza. Ibikoresho bihagarariye ni 0Cr13, 0Cr18Ni9, 1Cr18Ni9Ti, 0Cr17Ni12Mo2, 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti n'ibindi nk'ibyo.
YB/T5035-1993 (imiyoboro y'icyuma idafite umushono ikoreshwa mu gufunga imiyoboro y'imodoka). Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora ibyuma by'imiterere ya karuboni byiza cyane n'ibyuma by'imiterere ya alloy bifite umushono ushyushye kandi udafite umushono ku miyoboro y'imodoka ifite umushono n'imiyoboro y'imiyoboro y'imodoka. Ibikoresho biyiranga ni 45, 45Mn2, 40Cr, 20CrNi3A n'ibindi nk'ibyo.
API SPEC5CT-1999 (Ibisobanuro by'isanduku n'imiyoboro) yakusanyijwe kandi igashyirwa ahagaragara n'Ikigo cy'Abanyamerika gishinzwe Peteroli ("Abanyamerika") kandi ikoreshwa cyane ku isi yose. Muri byo: Isanduku: umuyoboro usohoka mu iriba uturutse ku butaka ugakoreshwa nk'urukuta rw'iriba, kandi imiyoboro ihuzwa n'umuyoboro. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi ni urwego rw'icyuma nka J55, N80, P110, n'urwego rw'icyuma nka C90 na T95 birwanya ingese ya hydrogen sulfide. Ingano yayo y'icyuma gito (J55, N80) ishobora guterwa n'umuyoboro w'icyuma. Ingano: Umuyoboro winjizwa mu gisanduku uva ku buso bw'ubutaka ukagera ku rwego rw'amavuta, kandi imiyoboro igahuzwa n'umuyoboro cyangwa igice cy'umubiri. Akazi kayo ni uko icyuma gitanga amavuta gitwara amavuta kuva ku rwego rw'amavuta kikayageza ku butaka binyuze mu muyoboro w'amavuta. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi ni J55, N80, P110, n'urwego rw'icyuma nka C90 na T95 birwanya ingese ya hydrogen sulfide. Ibyuma byayo byo mu rwego rwo hasi (J55, N80) bishobora guterwa n'imiyoboro y'icyuma ivanze.
API SPEC 5L-2000 (Umuyoboro w'umurongoIbisobanuro), byakusanyijwe kandi bigatangazwa n'Ikigo cy'Abanyamerika gishinzwe Peteroli, bikoreshwa ku isi yose.
Umuyoboro w'amazi: Ni peteroli, gazi cyangwa amazi bikura umuyoboro mu butaka bikawujyana mu nganda zikora peteroli na gazi binyuze mu muyoboro w'amazi. Umuyoboro w'amazi ugizwe n'ubwoko bubiri bw'imiyoboro idafunze kandi ivanze, kandi impera z'imiyoboro zifite impera zigororotse, impera z'imigozi n'impera z'imigozi; uburyo bwo guhuza ni gusudira impera, guhuza, guhuza imigozi n'ibindi nk'ibyo. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi by'umuyoboro ni urwego rw'icyuma nka B, X42, X56, X65 na X70.
Dufite ububiko bw'imiyoboro y'icyuma gikozwe muri karuboni na aloyi. Niba ufite ikibazo, twandikire ukoresheje uburyo bukurikira bwo kuduhamagara.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Nzeri-01-2022