Ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'icyuma gikozwe mu byuma bikozwe mu ruganda
Icyo bitaumuyoboro w'icyuma gikozwe mu byumani ukongeramo ibintu bimwe na bimwe bya alloy bishingiye ku cyuma cya karuboni, nka Si, Mn, W, V, Ti, Cr, Ni, Mo, nibindi, bishobora kongera imbaraga, gukomera, gukomera, gusudira, nibindi. Ibyuma bya alloy bishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe ingano y'ibintu bya alloy, kandi mu nganda no mu buzima, ibyuma bya alloy bizakoreshwa mu nganda runaka, kandi ni ibisanzwe gushyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe icyo bigamije.
Gushyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe ibikubiye mu bintu bivangavanze
Icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa alloy buke: ingano yose ya alloy iri munsi ya 5%;
Icyuma giciriritse cy'aloyi: ingano yose ya aloyi ni 5 ~ 10%;
Icyuma kinini cya alloy: ingano yose ya alloy iri hejuru ya 10%.
Gushyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe intego
Ibyuma by'ubwubatsi: icyuma cy'ubwubatsi gito (kizwi kandi nk'icyuma gisanzwe cyoroshye); icyuma gihindura umwuka, icyuma cyazimye kandi gishyushye, icyuma gihindura umwuka; icyuma gitera umupira
Icyuma cy'ibikoresho by'aluji: icyuma cy'ibikoresho byo gukata aluji (harimo icyuma gito cyo gukata aluji, icyuma cyihuta cyane); icyuma cy'aluji (harimo icyuma gikonje, icyuma gishyushye); icyuma cyo gupima ibikoresho
Icyuma cyihariye: icyuma kidashonga, icyuma kidashyuha, icyuma kidashira, nibindi.
Nimero y'icyuma cya alloy
Icyuma cy'ubwubatsi gifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi gikozwe mu buryo bwa aloyi ntoya
Izina ry'ikirango cyayo ritondekanyijwe mu buryo butatu: inyuguti ya pinyin yo mu Bushinwa (Q) ihagarariye aho umusaruro ugarukira, agaciro ntarengwa k'umusaruro, n'ikimenyetso cy'urwego rw'ubuziranenge (A, B, C, D, E). Urugero, Q390A bivuze icyuma gifite imbaraga nkeya kandi gifite imbaraga nyinshi gifite imbaraga z'umusaruro σs=390N/mm2 n'urwego rw'ubuziranenge A.
Icyuma cy'ubwubatsi bw'aluminiyumu
Izina ry'ikirango cyayo rigizwe n'ibice bitatu: "imibare ibiri, ibimenyetso icumi by'ibintu + imibare". Imibare ibiri ya mbere igaragaza inshuro 10.000 z'igice cy'uburemere bwa karuboni mu cyuma, ikimenyetso cy'ikintu kigaragaza ibintu bivangavanze biri mu cyuma, naho imibare iri inyuma y'ikimenyetso cy'ikintu igaragaza inshuro 100 z'igice cy'uburemere bw'ikintu. Iyo igice cy'uburemere bw'ibintu bivangavanze kiri munsi ya 1.5%, muri rusange ibintu gusa ni byo bigaragazwa ariko ntabwo ari agaciro k'imibare; iyo igice cy'uburemere bw'ikigereranyo ari ≥1.5%, ≥2.5%, ≥3.5%, ..., 2 na 3 bigaragazwa neza inyuma y'ibintu bivangavanze, 4, . . . Urugero, 40Cr ifite igice cy'uburemere bwa karuboni Wc = 0.4%, n'igice cy'uburemere bwa chromium WCr <1.5%. Niba ari icyuma cyiza cyane, ongeramo "A" ku mpera y'urwego. Urugero, icyuma cya 38CrMoAlA ni icy'icyuma cy'uburemere bw'icyitegererezo cy ...
Icyuma gifata amapine
Ongeraho "G" (inyuguti ya mbere y'inyuguti ya pinyin y'igishinwa y'ijambo "roll") imbere y'izina ry'ikirango, kandi umubare uri inyuma yacyo ugaragaza inshuro igihumbi z'igice cy'uburemere cya chromium, kandi igice cy'uburemere cya karuboni ntikigaragara. Urugero, icyuma cya GCr15 ni icyuma gifata icyuma gifite uburemere bwa chromium WCr = 1.5%. Niba icyuma gifite chromium gifite ibindi bintu bivangavanze bitari chromium, uburyo bwo kugaragaza ibi bintu ni bumwe n'ubw'icyuma gifata icyuma rusange. Ibyuma bifite icyuma byose ni ibyuma byiza cyane, ariko "A" ntiyongerwaho nyuma y'urwego.
Ibyuma by'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma
Itandukaniro riri hagati y’uburyo bwo kubara ubu bwoko bw’icyuma n’icyuma cy’imiterere y’icyuma ni uko iyo Wc <1%, umubare umwe ukoreshwa mu kugaragaza inshuro igihumbi igice cy’uburemere bwa karuboni; iyo igice cy’uburemere bwa karuboni ari ≥1%, ntabwo kiba cyanditseho . Urugero, icyuma cya Cr12MoV gifite igice cy’uburemere bwa karuboni cya Wc = 1.45% ~ 1.70%, bityo ntabwo kiba cyanditseho ; igice cy’uburemere bwa Cr ni 12%, kandi ibice by’uburemere bya Mo na V byombi biri munsi ya 1.5%. Urundi rugero ni icyuma cya 9SiCr, Wc yacyo isanzwe = 0.9%, naho WCr isanzwe ni <1.5%. Ariko, icyuma cy’ibikoresho byihuta ni ikintu kidasanzwe, kandi igice cy’uburemere bwa karuboni gisanzwe ntabwo cyanditseho uko cyaba kingana kose. Kubera ko icyuma cy’ibikoresho by’icyuma n’icyuma cy’ibikoresho byihuta ari icyuma cyiza cyane, nta mpamvu yo gushyiraho "A" nyuma y’urwego rwacyo.
Icyuma kidashyuha n'icyuma kidashyuha
Umubare uri imbere y'ubu bwoko bw'icyuma ugaragaza inshuro igihumbi z'igice cy'uburemere bwa karuboni. Urugero, icyuma cya 3Crl3 bivuze ko igice cy'uburemere mpuzandengo Wc = 0.3%, naho igice cy'uburemere mpuzandengo WCr = 13%. Iyo igice cy'uburemere cya karuboni Wc ≤ 0.03% na Wc ≤ 0.08%, bigaragazwa na "00" na "0" imbere y'ikirango, nka 00Cr17Ni14Mo2,0Cr19Ni9 icyuma, nibindi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-13-2023