Ibyuma by'ubwubatsini ibikoresho bisanzwe by'ubwubatsi bikozwe mu byuma bimwe na bimwe kandi biza mu buryo butandukanye busanzwe bw'inganda (cyangwa "porofiles"). Ibipimo by'ibyuma by'ubwubatsi bikozwe mu buryo bwihariye bw'imiti n'imiterere ya mekanike byagenewe gukoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye.
Mu Burayi, ibyuma by'ubwubatsi bigomba kubahiriza amahame y'UburayiEN 10025, iyoborwa na Komite y’Uburayi ishinzwe kugenzura ibyuma n’ibyuma (ECISS), itsinda rito rya Komite y’Uburayi ishinzwe kugenzura ibyuma (CEN).
Hari ingero nyinshi z'imiterere y'ibyuma by'ubwubatsi by'i Burayi, nka S195, S235, S275, S355, S420 na S460. Muri iyi nkuru, tuzibanda ku miterere y'ibinyabutabire, imiterere y'imashini n'ikoreshwa rya S235, S275 na S355, imiterere itatu y'ibyuma by'ubwubatsi ikoreshwa mu mishinga itandukanye y'ubwubatsi mu Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi.
Dukurikije icyiciro cya Eurocode, ibyuma by’ubwubatsi bigomba kugaragazwa n’ibimenyetso bisanzwe birimo ariko bitagarukira kuri S, 235, J2, K2, C, Z, W, JR na JO, aho:
Bitewe n'uburyo ibintu bikorwamo, imiterere ya shimi, n'ikoreshwa ryabyo, inyuguti z'inyongera n'ibyiciro bishobora gukoreshwa mu kugaragaza urwego rw'icyuma cyangwa ibicuruzwa runaka.
Ishyirwa mu byiciro rya EU si igipimo ngenderwaho ku isi yose, bityo amanota menshi afite imiterere imwe ya shimi n'iy'imashini ashobora gukoreshwa mu bindi bice by'isi. Urugero, ibyuma by'ubwubatsi bikorerwa ku isoko rya Amerika bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa na American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Kode mpuzamahanga zitangizwa na "A" hagakurikiraho icyiciro gikwiye, nka A36 cyangwaA53.
Mu bihugu byinshi, ibyuma by’inyubako bigenzurwa kandi bigomba kuzuza ibisabwa byihariye ku miterere, ingano, imiterere ya shimi n’imbaraga.
Imiterere y'ibinyabutabire mu byuma by'ubwubatsi ni ingenzi cyane kandi igenzurwa cyane. Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi kigena imiterere y'ibyuma. Mu mbonerahamwe iri hepfo urabona urwego ntarengwa rw'ibice bimwe na bimwe bishobora guhinduka biboneka mu byiciro by'ibyuma by'ubwubatsi by'i Burayi S235,S275na S355.
Imiterere y'ibinyabutabire mu byuma by'ubwubatsi ni ingenzi cyane kandi igenzurwa neza. Ni ikintu cy'ingenzi kigena imiterere y'ibyuma. Mu mbonerahamwe iri hepfo urabona igipimo ntarengwa cy'ibintu bimwe na bimwe bigenzurwa mu byuma by'ubwubatsi by'i Burayi S235, S275 na S355.
Imiterere y'ibinyabutabire by'icyuma cy'ubwubatsi ni ingenzi cyane ku bahanga kandi bizatandukana bitewe n'urwego byagenewe gukoreshwa. Urugero, S355K2W ni icyuma cy'ubwubatsi gikomeye, cyitwa K2, gifite imiterere y'ibinyabutabire yagenewe kurwanya ikirere cyane - W. Kubwibyo, imiterere y'ibinyabutabire by'icyuma cy'ubwubatsi itandukanye gato n'isanzwe.Icyiciro cya S355.
Imiterere ya mekanike y'icyuma cy'ubwubatsi ni yo ishingiro ry'ishyirwa mu byiciro n'ikoreshwa ryacyo. Nubwo imiterere ya shimi ari yo kintu cy'ingenzi kigena imiterere ya mekanike y'icyuma, ni ngombwa kandi kumenya ibipimo ntarengwa by'imiterere ya mekanike cyangwa imikorere yayo, nko gukomera kw'umusaruro n'imbaraga zo gukurura, nk'uko byasobanuwe mu buryo burambuye hepfo.
Imbaraga z'umusaruro w'icyuma zipima imbaraga nke zisabwa kugira ngo icyuma gihinduke burundu. Uburyo bwo kwita amazina bukoreshwa mu ihame ry'i Burayi rya EN10025 ryerekeza ku mbaraga nke z'umusaruro w'icyuma cyapimwe ku bunini bwa mm 16.
Ingufu zo gukurura ibyuma zifitanye isano n'aho ibintu bihinduka burundu iyo birambuye cyangwa birambuye mu buryo burambuye ku burebure bwabyo.
Ibyuma by’ubwubatsi biza mu byiciro bitandukanye, ariko akenshi bigurishwa mbere y’uko bishyirwa mu ishusho yihariye yagenewe gukoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye. Urugero, ibyuma by’ubwubatsi bigurishwa nk’imiringa ya I, imiringa ya Z, imiringa y’amasanduku, ibice by’ubwubatsi bidafite aho bibohera (HSS), imiringa ya L, n’ibice by’icyuma ni ibintu bisanzwe.
Bitewe n'ikoreshwa ry'icyuma cyifuzwa, injeniyeri agaragaza urwego rw'icyuma—ubusanzwe kugira ngo gihuze n'imbaraga nkeya, uburemere ntarengwa, n'ibikenewe mu gihe cy'ikirere—hamwe n'imiterere y'igice—ugereranyije n'aho gikenewe n'imitwaro cyangwa imizigo iteganijwe.
Ibyuma by’ubwubatsi bifite uburyo bwinshi bwo kubikoresha, kandi uburyo bikoreshwamo buratandukanye. Ni ingirakamaro cyane kuko bitanga uburyo bwihariye bwo guhuza neza no gukomera byizewe. Ibyuma by’ubwubatsi ni ikintu gikunze gukoreshwa n’abahanga bashaka kongera imbaraga cyangwa ibikoresho bifite ishusho ya S mu gihe bagabanya uburemere bwabyo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 13 Mata 2023