Umuyoboro w'icyuma wa ASTM A556 ukoreshwa cyane cyane nk'umuyoboro w'icyuma cya karuboni gikonjeshwa n'ubukonje ku byuma bishyushya amazi bikoresha imiyoboro.
Ikoreshwa ryayo ni umuyoboro w'icyuma udakora neza ufite umurambararo w'inyuma uri hagati ya mm 15.9-31.8 n'ubugari bw'urukuta butari munsi ya mm 1.1.
Iyi nkuru yibanda ku miyoboro y'icyuma ntabwo irimo imiyoboro ya U ivugwa mu buryo busanzwe.
Umurambararo wo hanze: 5/8 - 1 1/4 in. [15.9 - 31.8 mm].
Ubunini bw'urukuta: ≥ 0.045 muri [1.1 mm].
ASTM A556 ishyira mu byiciro bitatu,Icyiciro cya A2, Icyiciro cya B2, naIcyiciro cya C2.
imiyoboro y'ibyuma igomba gukorwa naumushororogutunganya kandi bigomba gukururwa ukonje.
Imiyoboro y'icyuma ikonje idafite umugozi itanga ubuziranenge bwo hejuru n'irangira ryiza ry'ubuso mu gihe itunganya imiterere mito kandi ikongera imiterere yayo nk'imbaraga n'ubukana. Imiterere idafitanye umugozi ituma imiyoboro irushaho gukomera no gutekana iyo ishyizwe mu gitutu n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, bigatuma ikoreshwa mu nganda zisaba ubushishozi n'imikorere myiza.
Ariko, imiyoboro y'icyuma ikonje idafite umugozi irahenze cyane kuyikora kuko uburyo bwo kuyikora bugoye kandi busaba imikorere n'ibikoresho bigezweho. Byongeye kandi, umusaruro wayo muke cyane, cyane cyane mu gukora ingano nini, ntabwo uhendutse nk'uburyo bwo kuyizungurutsa ishyushye, kandi rimwe na rimwe hashobora kubaho igihombo kinini cy'ibikoresho, bigabanyiriza ikoreshwa ryayo mu bikorwa bimwe na bimwe.
Imiyoboro ikonje igomba kuvurwa ubushyuhe nyuma y’uko ikonje irenga ubushyuhe bwa nyuma ku bushyuhe bwa 1200°F [640°C] cyangwa irenga kugira ngo ishobore koroha neza kugira ngo inyurwe mu mpapuro z’imiyoboro kandi ihuze n’imiterere ya mekanike nk’uko byavuzwe.
Niba hakozwe isesengura ry'ibicuruzwa, reba ASTM A751 kugira ngo ubone uburyo bwo kubigerageza.
1. Umutungo wo gukurura
Uburyo bwo gupima: ASTM A450 Igice cya 7.
Ku matsinda y'imiyoboro igera kuri 50, umuyoboro umwe ugomba gutoranywa kugira ngo upimwe.
Ku matsinda y'imiyoboro irenga 50, imiyoboro ibiri igomba gutoranywa kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu igeragezwa.
2. Ubukomere
Uburyo bwo gupima: ASTM A450 Igice cya 23.
Ingero z'ibipimo bivuye mu miyoboro ibiri yo gupima muri buri gice zigomba gupimwa ubukana bwa Brinell cyangwa Rockwell.
Ubukomere bw'umuyoboro wa Rockwell ntibugomba kurenza ubugaragara ku mbonerahamwe.
| Icyiciro | Ubukomere |
| Icyiciro cya A2 | 72 HRBW |
| Icyiciro cya B2 | 79 HRBW |
| Icyiciro cya C2 | 89 HRBW |
3. Ikizamini cyo Kugabanya Ubushyuhe
Uburyo bwo gupima: ASTM A450 Igice cya 19.
Ikizamini cyo gupima imiterere y’icyuma kigomba gukorwa ku rugero rumwe ruturutse ku mpera za buri muyoboro w’icyuma urangiye uhereye ku miyoboro itarenze 125 iturutse kuri buri muyoboro.
4. Ikizamini cyo Gutwika
Uburyo bwo gupima: ASTM A450 Igice cya 21.
Ibizamini byo gutwika bigomba gukorwa ku rugero rumwe ruturutse ku mpera ya buri muyoboro warangiye, hatoranijwe imiyoboro itarenze 125 muri buri cyiciro.
Nta gipimo cy’amazi gisabwa ku miyoboro y’icyuma.
Ariko, buri muyoboro wa U ugomba gupimwa hifashishijwe amazi adahumanya.
Buri muyoboro ugomba kugeragezwa hakoreshejwe igikoresho cyo gupima kidasenya gishobora kubona inenge mu gice cyose cy’umuyoboro nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe bw’ubuso nyuma yo gukurura ubukonje bwa nyuma.
Uburyo bwo gupima budasenya bwa SpecificationE213IbisobanuroE309(ku bikoresho bya ferromagnetike), IbisobanuroE426(ku bikoresho bitari ibya rukuruzi), cyangwa IbisobanuroE570ishobora gutoranywa kugira ngo ikorerwe ikizamini.
Ibipimo bikurikira ntibireba igice cya U-tube cyagonze.
Umuyoboro warangiye ugomba kuba udafite igipimo ariko ushobora kuba ufite agapira k'ubuso bwa oxide hejuru.
Imiyoboro irangiye igomba kuba igororotse kandi ifite impera zoroshye zidafite uduce duto. Imiyoboro igomba kuba ifite ishusho nk'iy'umuntu kandi idafite inenge zo hejuru zidashobora gukurwaho mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko.
Gukuraho inenge zo hejuru nko gufata ibimenyetso, kugorora, ibimenyetso byoroheje bya mandrel na die, imyobo migufi, n'imiterere y'ibipimo ntibizakenerwa mu gihe biri mu rugero rwemewe rw'inkuta.
Imbere n'inyuma by'umuyoboro urangiye bigomba gusigwa kugira ngo hirindwe ingese mu gihe cyo kuwutwara.
Ibyuma bisanzwe byo gusiga niamavuta yo kwirinda ingese, verniscyangwaamarangi.
Guhitamo ibikoresho byo gusiga akenshi biterwa n'ibisabwa byihariye by'umuyoboro w'icyuma, aho ugenewe gukoreshwa, n'igihe cyo kurindwa.
Ibishyushya amazi yo mu bwoko bwa Tubular: Iyi ni imwe mu mikoreshereze ikunze gukoreshwa cyane mu miyoboro y'icyuma ya ASTM A556.
Mu nganda z'amashanyarazi, ibyuma bishyushya amazi bikoreshwa mu gushyushya amazi ashyushya amazi, akenshi bikoresha umwuka ushyushye. Gukoresha ubu bwoko bw'imiyoboro y'icyuma bituma ingufu z'ubushyuhe zikwirakwira neza, bikongera imikorere myiza y'ingufu muri rusange n'imikorere ya sisitemu.
Utwuma duhindura ubushyuhe n'utwuma dukonjesha: Kubera ubushobozi bwayo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe no kurwanya ingese, imiyoboro y'icyuma ya ASTM A556 irakwiriye no gukoreshwa mu bundi bwoko bw'ibikoresho bihindura ubushyuhe n'ibigabanya ubushyuhe, bikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye bw'ibinyabutabire, peteroli, n'izindi nganda.
Sisitemu z'umwuka zikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi: Kuba imiyoboro ya ASTM A556 irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi bituma ikoreshwa mu buryo bw'umwuka w'umuvuduko mwinshi n'izindi porogaramu zisaba umuvuduko mwinshi cyane n'ubushyuhe.
ASTM A179/A179M- Iki ni igipimo ngenderwaho cy’ibikoresho bishyushya ibyuma bikonjesha bikoresha ubushyuhe bwa karuboni hamwe n’imiyoboro ya condenser kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu buryo bw’ubushyuhe.
ASTM A192/A192M- Igaragaza ibisabwa mu bya tekiniki ku miyoboro ya boiler ya karuboni idakora neza ku ma boiler akoreshwa mu gutanga umuvuduko mwinshi.
ASTM A210/A210M- Ibisanzwe ku miyoboro ya boiler y'icyuma idafite umugozi ikoreshwa mu gukaraba karuboni n'icyuma cya karuboni-manganese ku ma boiler n'amashyushya menshi.
ASTM A213/A213M- Itanga amahame ngenderwaho ku bubiko bw'icyuma gishyushya ubushyuhe n'icyuma gishyushya ubushyuhe, imiyoboro ishyushya ubushyuhe n'iy'amashanyarazi.
ASTM A249/A249M- Ibisanzwe bikoreshwa kuri boiler y'icyuma cya austenitic, superheater, imashini ihindura ubushyuhe, n'imiyoboro ya condenser.
ASTM A334/A334M- Ibisanzwe ku miyoboro ya karuboni n'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu buryo budafite umugozi kandi buvanze neza kugira ngo gikoreshwe mu buryo butuma amazi ahindagurika.
Buri kimwe muri ibi bipimo ngenderwaho kireba imiyoboro y'icyuma ikoreshwa mu byuma bihindura ubushyuhe, ibyuma bishyushya cyangwa ibindi bisa nabyo. Igipimo ngenderwaho gifatwa gishingiye ku bisabwa byihariye mu gukoresha, nko ubushyuhe bwo gukoresha, igipimo cy'umuvuduko, hamwe no kudakomera kw'ingufu.
Kuva yashingwa mu 2014, Botop Steel yabaye ikigo gikomeye mu kugurisha imiyoboro y'icyuma cya karuboni mu majyaruguru y'Ubushinwa, kizwiho gutanga serivisi nziza, ibicuruzwa byiza, n'ibisubizo byuzuye.
Iyi kompanyi itanga imiyoboro itandukanye y’icyuma cya karuboni n’ibindi bifitanye isano, birimo imiyoboro y’icyuma idakora neza, ERW, LSAW, na SSAW, ndetse n’urutonde rwuzuye rw’imiyoboro n’ibice bifunganye. Ibicuruzwa byayo byihariye birimo kandi alloys nziza n’ibyuma bitarangirika bya austenitic, byakozwe kugira ngo bihuze n’ibikenewe mu mishinga itandukanye y’imiyoboro.
