ASTM A335 P11Umuyoboro w'icyuma ni umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite umugozi ukozwe mu cyuma gishyuha cyane, witwa UNS K11597.
P11 ni icyuma gikozwe muri chromium-molybdenum gifite chromium iri hagati ya 1.00-1.50% n'igice cya molybdenum kiri hagati ya 0.44-0.65%.
Ikunze gukoreshwa mu byuma bishyushya, ibishyushya cyane, n'ibihindura ubushyuhe mu bigo by'amashanyarazi n'inganda zikora imiti.
Ibisabwa mu rwego rwa tekinikiASME SA335naASTM A335ni bimwe, bityo kugira ngo byorohe kwerekana, tuzakoresha "ASTM A335" kugira ngo twereke izi ngingo ebyiri.
Ibikoreshol: Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite umugozi wa ASTM A335 P11;
OD: 1/8"- 24";
WT: hakurikijweASME B36.10ibisabwa;
Gahunda: SCH10, SCH20, SCH30,SCH40, SCH60,SCH80, SCH100, SCH120, SCH140 na SCH160;
Indangamuntu: indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, XS, XXS;
Guhindura: Ingano z'imiyoboro zidasanzwe nazo zirahari, ingano zihariye zirahari iyo ubisabye;
Uburebure: Uburebure bwihariye n'ubudasa;
Icyemezo cya IBR: Dushobora kuvugana n'ikigo cy'ubugenzuzi cy'uruhande rwa gatatu kugira ngo tubone icyemezo cya IBR hakurikijwe ibyo ukeneye, imiryango yacu y'ubugenzuzi bw'ubufatanye ni BV, SGS, TUV, n'ibindi;
Iherezo: Impera y'umuyoboro igororotse, ifite imigozi, cyangwa ivanze;
Ubuso: Umuyoboro woroheje, irangi, n'ubundi buryo bwo kurinda by'agateganyo, gukuraho ingese no kuzisiga, gusiga galvanized na plastic, n'ubundi buryo bwo kuzirinda igihe kirekire;
Gupakira: Agasanduku k'imbaho, umukandara w'icyuma cyangwa insinga z'icyuma, icyuma gikingira imiyoboro ya pulasitiki cyangwa icyuma, nibindi.
Keretse bivuzwe ukundi muri A335, ibikoresho byatanzwe hakurikijwe iyi ngingo bigomba kubahiriza ibisabwa n'ibikubiye muri iyi nyandiko igezweho.A999/A999M.
Umuyoboro w'icyuma wa ASTM A335 ugomba kubaumushororoImiyoboro y'icyuma idafunze itanga ubwizerwe n'ubumwe iyo ishyizwe mu bidukikije birimo umuvuduko mwinshi n'ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Idafite umugozi ishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro by’umwihariko nk’ifite ikoreshwa rikonje n’ifite ishyushye, bitewe n’uburyo ikoreshwa n’ingano yayo.
Gushushanya ukonje bikunze gukoreshwa ku dusate duto cyangwa ku miyoboro isaba ubwiza bwo hejuru n'ubwiza bwiza bw'ubuso. Gutunganya bishyushye bikunze gukoreshwa mu gukora imiyoboro minini y'icyuma igororotse kandi ifite inkuta nini.
Hasi hari imbonerahamwe y'ibikorwa byo gukora imiyoboro y'icyuma ishyushye kandi idahindagurika.
Gutunganya ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho bya P11 bishobora kuba ari ugushyiramo ibintu byuzuye cyangwa isothermal annealing cyangwa gushyushya nyuma yo kuvugurura, kandi iyo bihinduramo ibintu no gushyushya, ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya bugomba kuba nibura 1200°F (650°C).
Dukurikije imiterere y'ibinyabutabire, dushobora kubona byoroshye koP11 ni aloyi ya chromium-molybdenum.
Aloyi za Chromium-molybdenum ni ubwoko bw'ibyuma bifite chromium (Cr) na molybdenum (Mo) nk'ibintu by'ingenzi bivangavanga. Kongeramo ibi bintu byongera cyane imbaraga, ubukana, kudashira, no kudashira kw'icyuma. Mu bushyuhe bwinshi, aloyi za Cr-Mo zishobora kugumana imiterere myiza ya mekanike n'imiterere ihamye.
Cr: yongera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ogisijeni no kurwanya ingese mu cyuma gikoze mu cyuma, bifasha gukora firime ikomeye ya ogisijeni, kandi bikarinda ibikoresho kwangirika kw'ibintu.
Mo: Yongera imbaraga z'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma, cyane cyane iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru, yongera imbaraga zo guhangana n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi yongera imbaraga z'ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'ikintu.
1. Umutungo wo gukurura
Ikizamini cyo gukurura gikunze gukoreshwa mu gupimaimbaraga zo gutanga umusaruro, imbaraga zo gukurura, naelongation ya gahunda y'igerageza ry'imiyoboro y'icyuma, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu miterere y'ibikoresho by'igerageza.
AImbonerahamwe ya 5 itanga agaciro ntarengwa kabazwe.
Iyo ubugari bw'urukuta buri hagati y'agaciro kavuzwe haruguru, agaciro gato k'uburebure gagenwa n'uburyo bukurikira:
Uburebure, P11: E = 48t + 15.00 [E = 1.87t + 15.00]
Inyura, P11: E = 32t + 15.00 [E = 1.25t + 15.00]
aho:
E = uburebure muri mm 2 cyangwa 50, %,
t = ubunini nyabwo bw'ibipimo, muri. [mm].
2. Ubukomere
Umuyoboro wa P11 wo mu rwego rwo hejuru ntusaba isuzuma ry'ubukomere.
Agaciro k'ubukomere bw'ifatizo karatangwa hepfo.
Indwara ya Annealed:
Ubukomere busanzwe buri hagati ya 150 na 200 HB.
Imiterere isanzwe kandi ishyushye:
Ubukomere buri hagati ya 170 na 220 HB.
Imiterere ikomeye kandi ishyushye:
Ubukomere bushobora kugera kuri 250 kugeza kuri 300 HB cyangwa birenga, bitewe n'ubushyuhe n'igihe bikonjesha.
3. Porogaramu z'igerageza ku buryo bw'ubushake
Ibintu bikurikira byo kugerageza ntabwo ari ibintu byo kugerageza bikenewe, nibiba ngombwa bishobora kugenwa binyuze mu biganiro.
Isesengura ry'ibicuruzwa
Ikizamini cyo Kugorora
Ikizamini cyo Kunama
Ibizamini by'imiterere y'icyuma n'ibizamini byo gushushanya
Fotografiya
Fotografiya ku bice bimwe na bimwe
Ikizamini cya P11 cyo gupima amazi kigomba kubahiriza ibisabwa bikurikira.
Umurambararo wo hanze ＞ santimetero 250 n'ubugari bw'urukuta ≤ santimetero 0.75 [19 mm]: iki cyagombye kuba ikizamini cya hydrostatic.
Izindi ngano zo gupima amashanyarazi zidasenya.
Ibisabwa bikurikira mu isuzuma rya hydrostatic byakusanyijwe hakurikijwe ibisabwa na ASTM A999:
Ku byuma bya ferritic alloy na stainless steel tubes, urukuta rushyirwamo igitutu kitari munsi ya60% by'imbaraga z'umusaruro muto wavuzwe.
Umuvuduko w'amazi ugomba kugumaho nibura mu gihe 5snta gusohoka cyangwa izindi nenge.
Umuvuduko w'amaziishobora kubarwa hakoreshejwe formula:
P = 2St/D
P = igitutu cy'ikizamini cya hydrostatic muri psi [MPa];
S = umuvuduko w'urukuta rw'imiyoboro muri psi cyangwa [MPa];
t = ubunini bw'urukuta bwagenwe, ubunini bw'urukuta bw'izina hakurikijwe inomero ya ANSI yagenwe cyangwa inshuro 1.143 z'ubunini bw'urukuta bwagenwe, muri. [mm];
D = umurambararo w'inyuma wagaragajwe, umurambararo w'inyuma ujyanye n'ingano y'umuyoboro wa ANSI wavuzwe, cyangwa umurambararo w'inyuma wabazwe wongeraho 2t (nk'uko byasobanuwe haruguru) ku murambararo w'imbere wavuzwe, muri. [mm].
Buri muyoboro ugomba gusuzumwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusuzuma budasenya hakurikijwe ImyitozoE213, ImyitozoE309, cyangwa ImyitozoE570.
Impinduka zemewe mu bugari
Ku muyoboro watumijwe kuriumurambararo w'imbere, umurambararo w'imbere ntugomba gutandukana kurenza ± 1% ugereranije n'umurambararo w'imbere wavuzwe.
Gutanga imiyoboro ya terefone byatumijwe muNPS [DN] cyangwa diameter yo hanzentibigomba gutandukana n'umurambararo wo hanze urenze uwavuzwe mu mbonerahamwe iri hepfo.
Impinduka zemewe mu bunini bw'urukuta
Ibipimo by'ubugari bw'urukuta bigomba gukorwa hakoreshejwe calipers za mekanike cyangwa ibikoresho byo gupima bidasenya byapimwe neza kandi bifite ubuziranenge bukwiye. Mu gihe habayeho impaka, igipimo cyagenwe hakoreshejwe calipers za mekanike ni cyo kizakoreshwa.
Ubunini bw'urukuta n'umurambararo wo hanze kugira ngo harebwe niba byujuje ibi bisabwa ku muyoboro wategetswe na NPS [DN] n'inomero ya gahunda bigaragazwa muriASME B36.10M.
Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa mu byuma bishyushya, ibishyushya cyane, n'ibihindura ubushyuhe mu bigo by'amashanyarazi n'inganda zikora imiti.
Amabati: P11 ikoreshwa cyane mu kubaka boilers bitewe nuko irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko, cyane cyane mu bice bihura n'ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko ukabije.
Ishyushya cyane: Ikoreshwa mu kongera ubushyuhe bw'umwuka kugira ngo yongere imikorere myiza y'ubushyuhe. p11 ituma imbaraga n'uburambe by'ibikoresho bigumana nubwo byaba biri ku bushyuhe bwinshi.
Ibikoresho byo guhinduranya ubushyuhe: P11 yongera ingese no kudakoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'ibikoresho bihindura ubushyuhe, bityo bikarushaho kuba byiza kandi bikagira umutekano mu byuma.
Sisitemu zo gufunga imiyoboro: Imiyoboro y'amazi mu nganda zikora imiti ikunze gukenera gutwara amazi cyangwa umwuka ushyushye cyane. Ingufu z'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'imiterere myiza ya P11 bituma iba nziza kuri izi nganda.
a) Ni iki ASTM A335 P11 ihwanye na cyo?
GB/T 5310: 12CrMo;
DIN 17175: 10CrMo9-10 (1.7380);
EN 10216-2: 10CrMo9-10;
BS 3604: 10CrMo9-10;
JIS G3462: STPA23;
GOST 550-75: 12Kh1MF.
b)Ese P11 ni icyuma gikoresha aloyi nkeya?
Yego, P11 ni icyuma gito gifite aloyi nkeya.
Icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma cya karuboni cyongewemo ikintu kimwe cyangwa byinshi bivangavanga (urugero: chromium, molybdenum, nickel, nibindi) , hamwe n'ibikubiye mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma muri rusange biri hagati ya 1 na 5%.
c)Ni iyihe mbaraga zo gukurura za ASTM A335 P11?
Ingufu nke zo gukurura ni 415 MPa [60 ksi].
d)Ni iyihe mbaraga z'umusaruro za ASTM A335 P11?
Ingufu nke zo gukurura ni 205 MPa [30 ksi].
e) Ni ubuhe bushyuhe ntarengwa bwa ASTM A335 P11?
Mu bidukikije bitanga ogisijeni: Ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwa serivisi busanzwe buba kuri 593°C (1100°F).
Mu bidukikije bidakoresha ogisijeni: ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwa serivisi bushobora kugerwaho bugera kuri 650°C (1200°F).
f)Ese A335 P11 ni magnetic?
Ni rukuruzi ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba. Iyi miterere ishobora kugira akamaro mu bikorwa bimwe na bimwe, nko mu gihe ibikoresho bikenewe kugira ngo bihuzwe n'ibikoresho byo gupima rukuruzi.
g)Igiciro cya ASTM A335 P11 ni ikihe?
Ibiciro biratandukanye bitewe n'isoko, twandikire kugira ngo ubone ibiciro nyabyo.
