ASTM A335 P91, izwi kandi nkaASME SA335 P91, ni umuyoboro w'icyuma wa ferritic alloy udafite umugozi wo gutanga serivisi ku bushyuhe bwinshi, UNS No. K91560.
Ifite niburaimbaraga zo gukurura za 585 MPa(85 ksi) n'imibare micyeimbaraga z'umusaruro wa 415 MPa(60 ksi).
P91ahanini ikubiyemo ibintu bivangavanze nka chromium na molybdenum, kandi hari n'ibindi bintu bitandukanye bivangavanze, bigizeicyuma gifite aloyi nyinshi, bityo ifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi irwanya ingese neza cyane.
Byongeye kandi, P91 iboneka mu bwoko bubiri,Ubwoko bwa 1naUbwoko bwa 2, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zitanga amashanyarazi, mu nganda zitunganya amashanyarazi, mu nganda zikora imiti, mu bikoresho by'ingenzi, no mu miyoboro y'amazi mu bidukikije birimo ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi.
Umuyoboro w'icyuma wa P91 ugabanyijwemo ubwoko bubiri, Ubwoko bwa 1 n'Ubwo Ubwoko bwa 2.
Ubwo bwoko bwombi ni bumwe mu bijyanye n'imiterere ya mekanike n'ibindi bisabwa nko gutunganya ubushyuhe,hamwe n'itandukaniro rito mu miterere y'imiti n'uburyo bwihariye bwo kuyikoresha.
Ibikubiye mu ruganda: Ugereranyije n'ubwoko bwa 1, imiterere y'imiti yo mu bwoko bwa 2 irakomeye cyane kandi irimo ibintu byinshi bivangavanze kugira ngo bitange ubushyuhe bwiza no kwirinda ingese.
Porogaramu: Bitewe n’imiterere myiza y’ibinyabutabire, ubwoko bwa 2 bukwiriye cyane ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane cyangwa ahantu hashobora kwangiza cyane, cyangwa mu bikorwa aho bisaba imbaraga nyinshi no kuramba.
Umuyoboro w'icyuma wa ASTM A335 ugomba kubaumushororo.
Uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bukozwe mu buryo bunoze bushyirwa mu byicirokurangiza bishyushyenagukururwa n'ubukonje.
Hasi hari igishushanyo mbonera cy'uburyo bwo kurangiza bushyushye.
By’umwihariko, P91, umuyoboro w’icyuma ukoresha ibyuma byinshi, ukunze gukoreshwa ahantu hakomeye haterwa n’ubushyuhe bwinshi n’umuvuduko mwinshi, umuyoboro w’icyuma udafite umugozi urimo imbaraga zingana kandi ushobora gukorwamo inkuta nini, bityo bigatuma habaho umutekano mwinshi no kugabanya amafaranga.
P91 Imiyoboro yose igomba guterwa ubushyuhe kugira ngo imiterere mito y'umuyoboro irusheho kuba myiza, inoze imiterere yayo, kandi yongere ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko mwinshi.
| Icyiciro | Ubwoko bw'Ubushyuhe | Guhindura Ubushyuhe mu buryo Busanzwe | Ubushyuhe bupima |
| Ubwoko bwa P91 n'ubwoko bwa 2 | kuvugurura no gushyushya cyangwa | 1900 - 1975 ℉ [1040 - 1080 ℃] | 1350 ~ 1470 ℉ [730 - 800 ℃] |
| guhosha no gukangura | 1900 - 1975 ℉ [1040 - 1080 ℃] | 1350 - 1470 ℉ [730 - 800 ℃] |
Ibice bya P91 Ubwoko bwa 1 bya shimi
| Icyiciro | Imiterere, % | ||||||
| Ubwoko bwa 1 bwa P91 | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Mo |
| 0.08 - 0.12 | 0.30 - 0.60 | Ibipimo ntarengwa bya 0.020 | 0.010 ntarengwa | 0.20 - 0.50 | 8.00 - 9.50 | 0.85 - 1.05 | |
| V | N | Ni | Al | Nb | Ti | Zr | |
| 0.18 - 0.25 | 0.030 - 0.070 | Ibipimo ntarengwa bya 0.40 | 0.02 ntarengwa | 0.06 - 0.10 | 0.01 ntarengwa | 0.01 ntarengwa | |
Ibice bya P91 Ubwoko bwa 2 bya shimi
| Icyiciro | Imiterere, % | ||||||
| Ibice bya P91 Ubwoko bwa 2 by'ibinyabutabire | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Mo |
| 0.07 - 0.13 | 0.30 - 0.50 | Ibipimo ntarengwa bya 0.020 | 0.005 ntarengwa | 0.20 - 0.40 | 8.00 - 9.50 | 0.80 - 1.05 | |
| V | Ni | Al | N | Igipimo cya N/Al | Nb | Ti | |
| 0.16 - 0.27 | Ibipimo ntarengwa bya 0.20 | 0.02 ntarengwa | 0.035 - 0.070 | ≥ 4.0 | 0.05 - 0.11 | 0.01 ntarengwa | |
| Zr | Sn | Sb | As | B | W | Cu | |
| 0.01 ntarengwa | 0.01 ntarengwa | 0.003 ntarengwa | 0.01 ntarengwa | 0.001 ntarengwa | 0.05 ntarengwa | 0.10 ntarengwa | |
Ukurikije amashusho abiri ari hejuru, biroroshye kubona itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibintu bya shimi byo mu bwoko bwa 1 n’ibyo mu bwoko bwa 2 n’ibibujijwe.
1. Umutungo wo gukurura
Ikizamini cyo gukurura gikunze gukoreshwa mu gupimaimbaraga zo gutanga umusaruro, imbaraga zo gukurura, naelongation ya gahunda y'igerageza ry'imiyoboro y'icyuma, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu miterere y'ibikoresho by'igerageza.
| Ubwoko bwa P91 n'ubwoko bwa 2 | |||
| Imbaraga zo gukurura | 85 ksi [585 MPa] umunota | ||
| Imbaraga z'umusaruro | iminota 60 ksi [415 MPa] | ||
| Kurekura | Ibisabwa ku burebure | Indashyikirwa | Impinduka |
| Uburebure bwa mm 2 cyangwa 50, (cyangwa 4D), ubugari, %; Uburebure bw'ibanze bw'urukuta rufite ubugari bwa santimetero 8 no hejuru, ibizamini byo gupima, no ku bunini bwose buto bwageragejwe mu gice cyose. | 20 | — | |
| Iyo hakoreshejwe icyitegererezo gisanzwe cy’uburebure bwa santimetero 2 cyangwa 50 cyangwa ingano ntoya ingana n’uburebure bwa gage bungana na 4D (inshuro 4 z’umurambararo) | 20 | 13 | |
| Ku bipimo bya strip, hagomba gukurwaho igabanywa rya buri santimetero 0.8 z'ubugari bw'urukuta ruri munsi ya santimetero 5/16 z'uburebure bw'ibanze bw'ingingo zikurikira z'ijanisha. | 1 | — | |
2. Ubukomere
Uburyo butandukanye bwo gupima ubukana bushobora gukoreshwa, harimo Vickers, Brinell, na Rockwell.
| Icyiciro | Brinell | Vickers | Rockwell |
| Ubwoko bwa P91 n'ubwoko bwa 2 | 190 - 250 HBW | 196 - 265 HV | 91 HRBW - 25HRC |
Ubugari bw'urukuta <0.065 in. [1.7 mm]: Nta gipimo cy'ubukomere gisabwa;
Ubugari bw'urukuta rwa santimetero 1.7 ≤ <0.200 inch. [5.1 mm]: Hagomba gukoreshwa ikizamini cyo gukomerera cya Rockwell;
Ubugari bw'urukuta ≥ 0.200 in. [5.1 mm]: ikoreshwa ry'ikizamini cyo gukomera cya Brinell cyangwa ikizamini cyo gukomera cya Rockwell.
Ikizamini cyo gukomerera cya Vickers gikoreshwa ku bunini bwose bw'inkuta z'imiyoboro. Uburyo bwo gupima bukorwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa na E92.
3. Ikizamini cyo Kugabanya Ubushyuhe
Igerageza rigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe Ingingo ya 20 y'amahame ngenderwaho ya ASTM A999.
4. Ikizamini cyo Kugonda
Koroga ku bushyuhe bwa 180° ku cyumba, nta cyuho kigomba kugaragara inyuma y'igice cyagonze.
Ingano > NPS25 cyangwa D/t ≥ 7.0: Ikizamini cyo kunama kigomba gukorwa nta kizamini cyo kunama.
5. Porogaramu z'igerageza za P91 zikenewe
Ibintu bikurikira byo kugerageza ntabwo ari ibintu byo kugerageza bikenewe, nibiba ngombwa bishobora kugenwa binyuze mu biganiro.
S1: Isesengura ry'ibicuruzwa
S3: Ikizamini cyo Kugabanya Ubushyuhe
S4: Ibizamini by'imiterere y'icyuma n'ibizamini byo gushushanya
S5: Fotografi
S6: Fotografi ku bice bimwe na bimwe
S7: Uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bunyuranye-ubwoko bwa P91 ubwoko bwa 1 n'ubwoko bwa 2
Ikizamini cya P91 hydro kigomba kubahiriza ibisabwa bikurikira.
Umurambararo wo hanze ＞ santimetero 250 n'ubugari bw'urukuta ≤ santimetero 0.75 [19 mm]: iki cyagombye kuba ikizamini cya hydrostatic.
Izindi ngano zo gupima amashanyarazi zidasenya.
Ku byuma bya ferritic alloy na stainless steel tubes, urukuta rushyirwamo igitutu kitari munsi ya60% by'imbaraga z'umusaruro muto wavuzwe.
Umuvuduko w'amazi ugomba kugumaho nibura mu gihe 5snta gusohoka cyangwa izindi nenge.
Umuvuduko w'amaziishobora kubarwa hakoreshejwe formula:
P = 2St/D
P = igitutu cy'ikizamini cya hydrostatic muri psi [MPa];
S = umuvuduko w'urukuta rw'imiyoboro muri psi cyangwa [MPa];
t = ubunini bw'urukuta bwagenwe, ubunini bw'urukuta bw'izina hakurikijwe inomero ya ANSI yagenwe cyangwa inshuro 1.143 z'ubunini bw'urukuta bwagenwe, muri. [mm];
D = umurambararo w'inyuma wagaragajwe, umurambararo w'inyuma ujyanye n'ingano y'umuyoboro wa ANSI wavuzwe, cyangwa umurambararo w'inyuma wabazwe wongeraho 2t (nk'uko byasobanuwe haruguru) ku murambararo w'imbere wavuzwe, muri. [mm].
Umuyoboro wa P91 ugenzurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa E213. Igipimo ngenderwaho cya E213 kireba cyane cyane ibizamini bya ultrasound (UT).
Iyo byasobanuwe mu buryo bwihariye mu ikurikiranya, bishobora no gusuzumwa hakurikijwe uburyo bwo gupima bwa E309 cyangwa E570.
Ubusanzwe E309 ikoreshwa mu kugenzura amashanyarazi (electromagnetic current), mu gihe E570 ari uburyo bwo kugenzura bukoresha imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ya eddy.
Impinduka zemewe mu bugari
Ku muyoboro watumijwe kuriumurambararo w'imbere, umurambararo w'imbere ntugomba gutandukana kurenza ± 1% ugereranije n'umurambararo w'imbere wavuzwe.
Gutanga imiyoboro ya terefone byatumijwe muNPS [DN] cyangwa diameter yo hanzentibigomba gutandukana n'umurambararo wo hanze urenze uwavuzwe mu mbonerahamwe iri hepfo.
Impinduka zemewe mu bunini bw'urukuta
Ibipimo by'ubugari bw'urukuta bigomba gukorwa hakoreshejwe calipers za mekanike cyangwa ibikoresho byo gupima bidasenya byapimwe neza kandi bifite ubuziranenge bukwiye. Mu gihe habayeho impaka, igipimo cyagenwe hakoreshejwe calipers za mekanike ni cyo kizakoreshwa.
Ubunini bw'urukuta n'umurambararo wo hanze kugira ngo harebwe niba byujuje ibi bisabwa ku muyoboro wategetswe na NPS [DN] n'inomero ya gahunda bigaragazwa muriASME B36.10M.
Inenge
Ubusembwa bwo hejuru bufatwa nk'ubusembwa iyo burenze 12.5% by'ubunini bw'urukuta cyangwa burenze ubunini bw'urukuta buke.
Ubudasa
Ibirango bya mekanike, ibikomere, n'imyobo, aho inenge zose ziba zirenze 1/16 in. [1.6 mm].
Ibirango n'ibisebe bisobanurwa nk'ibirango by'insinga, imigozi, ibimenyetso by'ubuyobozi, ibimenyetso byo kuzunguruka, gushwanyagurika kw'umupira, amanota, ibimenyetso byo gupfuka, n'ibindi nk'ibyo.
Gusana
Inenge zishobora gukurwaho hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusya, mu gihe ubugari bw'urukuta busigaye butaba buri munsi y'ubunini bw'urukuta buke cyane.
Gusana bishobora gukorwa no gusudira ariko bigomba kubahiriza ibisabwa na A999.
Gusana byose byo gusudira muri P91 bigomba gukorwa hakoreshejwe imwe muri izi nzira zo gusudira n'ibikoresho bikoreshwa: SMAW, A5.5/A5.5M E90XX-B9:SAW, A5.23/A5.23M EB9 + flux idafite aho ihuriye; GTAW, A5.28/A5.28M ER90S-B9; na FCAW A5.29/A5.29M E91TI-B9. Byongeye kandi, igiteranyo cy'ibipimo bya Ni+Mn by'ibikoresho byose byo gusudira byakoreshejwe mu gusudira P91 Ubwoko bwa 1 n'ubwoko bwa 2 ntibigomba kurenza 1.0%.
Umuyoboro wa P91 ugomba gushyuha kuri 1350-1470 °F [730-800 °C] nyuma yo gusana imashini isuka.
Ubuso bwo hanze bw'umuyoboro w'icyuma wagenzuwe bugomba kuba burimo ibi bikurikira:
Izina cyangwa ikirango cy'umukora; inomero isanzwe; urwego; uburebure n'ikimenyetso cy'inyongera "S".
Ibimenyetso by'umuvuduko w'amazi n'ibizamini bitangiza mu mbonerahamwe iri hepfo nabyo bigomba gushyirwamo.
Iyo umuyoboro usanwe hakoreshejwe gusudira, ugomba gushyirwaho ikimenyetso "WR".
p91 Ubwoko (Ubwoko bwa 1 cyangwa Ubwoko bwa 2) bugomba kugaragazwa.
| ASME | ASTM | EN | GB |
| ASME SA335 P91 | ASTM A213 T91 | EN 10216-2 X10CrMoVNb9-1 | GB/T 5310 10Cr9Mo1VNbN |
Ibikoreshol: Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite umugozi wa ASTM A335 P91;
OD: 1/8"- 24";
WT: hakurikijweASME B36.10ibisabwa;
Gahunda: SCH10, SCH20, SCH30,SCH40, SCH60,SCH80, SCH100, SCH120, SCH140 na SCH160;
Indangamuntu:STD (isanzwe), XS (ikomeye cyane), cyangwa XXS (ikomeye cyane inshuro ebyiri);
Guhindura: Ingano z'imiyoboro zidasanzwe nazo zirahari, ingano zihariye zirahari iyo ubisabye;
Uburebure: Uburebure bwihariye n'ubudasa;
Icyemezo cya IBR: Dushobora kuvugana n'ikigo cy'ubugenzuzi cy'uruhande rwa gatatu kugira ngo tubone icyemezo cya IBR hakurikijwe ibyo ukeneye, imiryango yacu y'ubugenzuzi bw'ubufatanye ni BV, SGS, TUV, n'ibindi;
Iherezo: Impera y'umuyoboro igororotse, ifite imigozi, cyangwa ivanze;
Ubuso: Umuyoboro woroheje, irangi, n'ubundi buryo bwo kurinda by'agateganyo, gukuraho ingese no kuzisiga, gusiga galvanized na plastic, n'ubundi buryo bwo kuzirinda igihe kirekire;
Gupakira: Agasanduku k'imbaho, umukandara w'icyuma cyangwa insinga z'icyuma, icyuma gikingira imiyoboro ya pulasitiki cyangwa icyuma, nibindi.
