ASTM A334Icyiciro cya 1ni umuyoboro w'icyuma cya karuboni udafite umugozi kandi uvanze kugira ngo uhabwe serivisi ikoresha ubushyuhe buke.
Ifite ingano ntarengwa ya karuboni 0.30%, ingano ya manganese 0.40-1.60%, imbaraga nkeya zo gukurura 380Mpa (55ksi), n'imbaraga zo gutanga umusaruro 205Mpa (30ksi).
Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutwara amazi mu bidukikije bifite ubushyuhe buke, ibikoresho bikonjesha, n'ibindi bikorwa by'inganda bisaba ubudahangarwa ku bushyuhe buke.
ASTM A334 ifite amanota menshi yo guhangana n'ibidukikije bitandukanye bifite ubushyuhe buke, aribyo:Icyiciro cya 1, Icyiciro cya 3, Icyiciro cya 6, Icyiciro cya 7, Icyiciro cya 8, Icyiciro cya 9, n'Icyiciro cya 11.
Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'icyuma, icyuma cya karuboni n'icyuma cya alloy.
Icyiciro cya 1naIcyiciro cya 6byombi ni ibyuma bya karuboni.
Bishobora gukorwa nainzira zidafite umugozi cyangwa zivanze.
Mu gukora imiyoboro y'icyuma idakora neza, hari inzira ebyiri zo kuyikora,Irangijwe ishyushye cyangwa ikonje.
Amahitamo ashingira ahanini ku ikoreshwa rya nyuma ry'umuyoboro, ingano y'umuyoboro, n'ibisabwa byihariye ku miterere y'ibikoresho.
Hasi hari igishushanyo mbonera cy'uburyo bwo gukora bushyushye kandi butarimo imitako.
Itsindakurangiza bishyushyeUburyo bwo gushyushya umuyoboro w'icyuma kugeza ku bushyuhe bwinshi hanyuma ugashyiraho umuyoboro urimo kuwuzungurutsa cyangwa kuwusohora. Ubu buryo bubaho ku bushyuhe bwinshi kandi bufasha kunoza imiterere y'ibikoresho, bityo bikongera ubukana bwabyo muri rusange no kuba bimwe.
Uburyo bwo kurangiza bushyushye bukwiriye cyane cyane mu gukora imiyoboro minini n'inkuta nini, ikoreshwa cyane mu miyoboro itwara abantu benshi no mu nyubako, kandi ikwiriye gukorwa cyane bitewe n'uko ihendutse.
Ikururwa n'ubukonjeImiyoboro y'icyuma idakora neza itunganywa hakoreshejwe kurambura ibikoresho nyuma yuko bikonjeshejwe neza kugira ngo bigere ku bunini n'imiterere nyayo bikenewe. Ubu buryo bunoza cyane imiterere y'ibicuruzwa no kurangiza neza ubuso bwabyo, mu gihe ingaruka zo gukonjesha zinongera imiterere y'imiyoboro, nko gukomera no kudashira.
Uburyo bwo gushushanya bukonje bukwiriye cyane cyane mu gukora imiyoboro ifite umurambararo muto n'ubugari bw'inkuta nto aho hakenewe ubwiza buhanitse n'ubwiza bw'ubuso bwiza kandi bukoreshwa cyane mu bice nka sisitemu za hydraulic, ibice by'imodoka, n'ibikoresho bifite umuvuduko mwinshi kugira ngo bihuze n'ibikenewe byihariye mu mikorere myiza, nubwo bihenze cyane.
Shyira ubushyuhe bungana na dogere selisiyusi 845 hanyuma ukonjeshe mu kirere cyangwa mu cyumba gikonjesha cy'itanura rigenzurwa n'ikirere.
Niba bikenewe ko habaho gupima, bizakenera kuganirwaho.
Ku bijyanye n'ibipimo byavuzwe haruguru by'imiyoboro y'icyuma idakora neza gusa:
Ongera ushyushye kandi ugenzure ubushyuhe bw'imikorere ishyushye n'ubushyuhe bw'imikorere ishyushye kugeza ku bushyuhe bwo kurangiza buri hagati ya 1550 - 1750 °F [845 - 955℃] hanyuma ukonjeshe mu itanura rigenzurwa kuva ku bushyuhe bwa mbere butari munsi ya 1550 °F [845 °C].
Ubutabire bw'icyiciro cya mbere bwagenewe kuringaniza imbaraga, ubukana, n'ubukonje mu bushyuhe buke kugira ngo bukoreshwe mu bidukikije bifite ubushyuhe buke.
| Icyiciro | C(Karuboni) | Mn(Manganese) | P(Fosifore) | S(Sulfure) |
| Icyiciro cya 1 | ntarengwa 0.30% | 0.40-1.06% | ntarengwa 0.025% | ntarengwa 0.025% |
| Kuri buri kugabanuka kwa 0.01% ya karuboni munsi ya 0.30%, kwiyongera kwa 0.05% ya manganese hejuru ya 1.06% byemerewe kugera kuri 1.35% ya manganese. | ||||
Karuboni ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyongera imbaraga n'ubukomere bw'icyuma, ariko mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe buke, karuboni nyinshi ishobora kugabanya ubukomere bw'icyuma.
Icyiciro cya 1, gifite ingano ntarengwa ya karuboni zigera kuri 0.30%, gishyirwa mu cyiciro cy'icyuma gifite karuboni nke kandi kigenzurwa ku rwego rwo hasi kugira ngo gikomere neza mu bushyuhe buri hasi.
Ingano ntoya z'uburebure zibazwe kuri buri 1/32 santimetero [0.80 mm] mu kugabanuka k'ubugari bw'urukuta.
Igerageza ry'ingaruka ku miyoboro y'icyuma yo mu rwego rwa 1 rirakorwakuri -45°C [-50°F], igamije kugenzura ubukomere n'ubudahangarwa bw'ibikoresho mu bushyuhe buri hasi cyane. Ikizamini gikorwa hifashishijwe ingufu zikwiye zishingiye ku bunini bw'urukuta rw'umuyoboro w'icyuma.
Ingero z'ingaruka za Notched-bar zigomba kuba zo mu bwoko bwa Charpy, hakurikijwe uburyo bwo gupima E23. Ubwoko bwa A, zifite notch ya V.
Uburyo bubiri busanzwe bwo gupima ubukana ni ibizamini bya Rockwell na Brinell.
| Icyiciro | Rockwell | Brinell |
| Icyiciro cya 1 cya ASTM A334 | B 85 | 163 |
Buri muyoboro ugomba gupimwa mu buryo budasenya amashanyarazi cyangwa hifashishijwe amazi hakurikijwe STM A1016/A1016M. Keretse iyo byavuzwe ukundi mu itegeko ryo kugura, ubwoko bw'ikizamini kizakoreshwa bugomba kuba ku bushake bw'uwagikoze.
Uretse ibimenyetso byavuzwe muri Ibisobanuro A1016/A1016M, ibimenyetso bigomba kuba birimo ibishyushye byarangiye, bikonje, bidapfundikiye, cyangwa bisutswe, hamwe n'inyuguti "LT" zikurikiwe n'ubushyuhe bwakoreweho ikizamini cy'ingaruka.
Iyo umuyoboro w'icyuma urangiye udafite ingano ihagije kugira ngo ubone icyitegererezo gito cy'ingaruka, ikimenyetso ntikigomba kuba kirimo inyuguti za LT n'ubushyuhe bw'ikizamini byagaragajwe.
Ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zitandukanye zisaba gukoreshwa mu bushyuhe buke.
Gutwara amazi ashyushye: Umuyoboro w'icyuma wo mu cyiciro cya mbere ukoreshwa cyane mu gutwara amazi ahumanya ikirere nka gaze karemano yashongeshejwe (LNG), gaze ya peteroli yashongeshejwe (LPG), n'ibindi binyabutabire bihumanya ikirere. Ayo mazi akunze gukenera gutwarwa neza ku bushyuhe buri munsi y'ikirere, kandi umuyoboro w'icyuma wo mu cyiciro cya mbere ugumana imiterere yawo bwite n'ubuziranenge bw'imiterere yawo kuri ubu bushyuhe buri hasi.
Sisitemu n'ibikoresho byo gushyira muri firigo: Ikunze gukoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza imiyoboro ikora neza muri izi sisitemu.
Utwuma duhindura ubushyuhe n'utwuma dukonjesha: Ibikoresho bihindura ubushyuhe n'ibikonjesha ni ibintu by'ingenzi mu nganda n'ingufu, akenshi bikoresha imiyoboro y'icyuma yo mu rwego rwa 1 nk'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi. Ibi bikoresho bisaba ibikoresho bigumana imbaraga nyinshi kandi birwanya ingese mu bushyuhe buke kugira ngo bikomeze gukora neza kandi bigire umusaruro mu gihe kirekire.
Ububiko bukonje n'ibikoresho byo gukonjesha: Mu bubiko bukonjesha n'ahandi hantu hakonjesha, imiyoboro y'amazi igomba kujyana n'ubushyuhe buri hasi cyane. Umuyoboro w'icyuma wo mu rwego rwa 1 ushobora gukoreshwa mu kubaka imiyoboro y'amazi muri ibyo bigo kubera ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukomeza gukora ahantu hakonje nta gutsindwa.
1. EN 10216-4: P215NL, P255QL;
2. DIN 17173:TTSt35N;
3. JIS G3460: STPL 380;
4. GB/T 18984: 09Mn2V.
Izi ngamba n'amanota byagenewe kugira imiterere isa cyangwa ingana na ASTM A334 Grade 1, hashingiwe ku miterere y'ubushyuhe buri hasi n'ibindi bipimo ngenderwaho by'imikorere.
Kuva yashingwa mu 2014, Botop Steel yabaye ikigo gikomeye mu kugurisha imiyoboro y'icyuma cya karuboni mu majyaruguru y'Ubushinwa, izwiho gutanga serivisi nziza, ibicuruzwa byiza, n'ibisubizo birambuye. Iyi sosiyete itanga imiyoboro itandukanye y'icyuma cya karuboni n'ibindi bifitanye isano, harimo imiyoboro y'icyuma ya ERW, LSAW, na SSAW, ndetse n'urutonde rwuzuye rw'imiyoboro n'ibice by'imiyoboro.
Ibikoresho byayo byihariye birimo kandi aloi nziza n'ibyuma bitagira umugese bya austenitic, byakozwe kugira ngo bihuze n'ibyo imishinga itandukanye y'imiyoboro isaba.
