ASTM A312 (ASME SA312) ni igipimo gikoreshwa cyane ku miyoboro y'icyuma kidashonga, gitwikira ubwoko bw'imiyoboro idafite umugozi, ivanze, kandi ikonje cyane. Ikunze gukoreshwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi no muri rusange. Igipimo gikubiyemo ibipimo byinshi by'icyuma kidashonga kugira ngo gihuze n'ibisabwa bitandukanye, hamwe n'ibipimo bisanzwe nkaTP304 (S30400), TP316 (S31600), TP304L (S30403), naTP316L (S31603).
Nk'umucuruzi w'imiyoboro y'ibyuma bitagira umugese w'umwuga kandi wizewe mu Bushinwa,Botop Steelyiyemeje gutanga ibikoresho by'imiyoboro y'icyuma kitagira umugese byiza cyane bifite ibiciro bishimishije kandi bigatangwa vuba ku mishinga yawe. Twandikire kugira ngo ubone inkunga yihariye iturutse ku ikipe yacu y'inararibonye.
Ibikoresho byatanzwe hakurikijwe ASTM A312 bigomba kubahiriza ibisabwa muri iki gitabo gishya cyaASTM A999keretse bivuzwe ukundi hano.
Ibisabwa nko kuba imiterere y’ibinyabutabire, imiterere y’imashini, isuzuma ry’amazi, isuzuma ritangiza, hamwe n’ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu byose bigomba kubahiriza ingingo z’ingenzi za A999.
Ingano zose muri ASTM A312 ni ibyuma bitarangwamo ifu, bityo imiterere yabyo irimo chromium (Cr) na nikeli (Ni) nyinshi kugira ngo bibe birwanya ingese, bikomere cyane mu bushyuhe bwinshi, kandi birambe muri rusange mu bihe bitandukanye bya serivisi.
| Icyiciro | Imiterere, % | |||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni | Mo | |
| TP304 | 0.08 ntarengwa | Ibipimo ntarengwa bya 2.00 | 0.045 ntarengwa | Ibipimo ntarengwa bya 0.030 | 1.00 ntarengwa | 18.00 ~ 20.00 | 8.0 ~ 11.0 | — |
| TP304L | 0.035 ntarengwa | Ibipimo ntarengwa bya 2.00 | 0.045 ntarengwa | Ibipimo ntarengwa bya 0.030 | 1.00 ntarengwa | 18.00 ~ 20.00 | 8.0 ~ 13.0 | — |
| TP316 | 0.08 ntarengwa | Ibipimo ntarengwa bya 2.00 | 0.045 ntarengwa | Ibipimo ntarengwa bya 0.030 | 1.00 ntarengwa | 16.00 ~ 18.00 | 11.0 ~ 14.0 | 2.0 ~ 3.0 |
| TP316L | 0.035 ntarengwa | Ibipimo ntarengwa bya 2.00 | 0.045 ntarengwa | Ibipimo ntarengwa bya 0.030 | 1.00 ntarengwa | 16.00 ~ 18.00 | 11.0 ~ 14.0 | 2.0 ~ 3.0 |
Ku muyoboro wa TP316 ushongeshejwe, ingano ya nikeli (Ni) igomba kuba hagati ya 10.0 na 14.0%.
| Imiterere ya mekanike | TP304 / TP316 | TP304L / TP316L | |
| Ibisabwa ku gukurura | Imbaraga zo Gufata | 75 ksi [515 MPa] umunota | 70 ksi [485 MPa] min |
| Imbaraga z'umusaruro | 30 ksi [205 MPa] umunota | 25 ksi [170 MPa] min | |
| Kurekura muri mm 2 cyangwa 50 | Uburebure: 35% iminota Impinduka: 25% iminota | ||
| Ikizamini cyo Kugorora | Ibizamini byo gufunga bigomba gukorwa kuri 5% by'imiyoboro iva kuri buri gice cyatunganyijwemo ubushyuhe. | ||
| Ikizamini cyo Kubora kw'Ubushorishori | Igipimo cy'igihombo cy'icyuma cyo gusudira ku cyuma cy'ibanze kigomba kuba hagati ya 0.90 na 1.1. (Ikizamini ntigikenewe keretse iyo byavuzwe mu itegeko ryo kugura) | ||
Iyo igipimo ngenderwaho cy'isuzuma ry'ingaruka kuriserivisi y'ubushyuhe buri hasini uburebure bwa metero 15-lbf (20 J) cyangwa kwaguka kwa mm 0.38 ku ruhande, urwego rwa TP304 na TP304L byemewe n'amategeko agenga ubwato bukoresha umuvuduko wa ASME, Igice cya VIII, Icyiciro cya 1, hamwe n'amategeko agenga imiyoboro y'ibinyabutabire n'ibinyabutabire, ANSI B31.3, kugira ngo bikoreshwe ku bushyuhe buri hasi nka -425°F [-250°C] nta byangombwa bitanzwe n'ibizamini by'ingaruka.
Ubusanzwe ubundi buryo bwa AISI bwo gukoresha icyuma kidashonga ni bwo bwemewe ku bushyuhe buri munsi ya -325°F [-200°C] nta gupima ingaruka.
Uburyo Umukozi Akora
Imiyoboro ya ASTM A312 TP304, TP316, TP304L, na TP316L ishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo butatu:umushororo(SML), uburyo bwo gusudira bwikora (WLD), naikoreshwa mu bukonje bwinshi (HCW), kandi ishobora kurangizwa ishyushye cyangwa ikonje nkuko bikenewe.
Uko uburyo bwo gusudira bwaba buri kose, nta cyuma cyuzuza kigomba kongerwamo mu gihe cyo gusudira.
Umuyoboro wasudiwe n'umuyoboro wa HCW wa NPS 14 n'umuto bigomba kugira umuyoboro umwe ureshya. Umuyoboro wasudiwe n'umuyoboro wa HCW ufite ingano irenga NPS 14 bigomba kugira umuyoboro umwe ureshya cyangwa bigakorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gushushanya no gusudira ibice bibiri bireshya by'umushongi w'amazi iyo byemejwe n'umuguzi. Ibizamini byose byo gusudira, gusuzuma, kugenzura, cyangwa gutunganya bigomba gukorwa kuri buri mushongi wo gusudira.
Uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe
Imiyoboro yose y'icyuma ya ASTM A312 igomba kuba ifite uburyo bwo kuyikoresha mu kuyitaho.
Uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwa TP304, TP316, TP304L, na TP316L bugomba kuba bukubiyemo gushyushya umuyoboro kugeza nibura kuri 1900°F (1040°C) no kuzimya mu mazi cyangwa gukonjesha vuba hakoreshejwe ubundi buryo.
Igipimo cyo gukonjesha kigomba kuba gihagije kugira ngo hirindwe ko karubide yongera kandi gishobora kwemezwa n'ubushobozi bwo kunyura muri ASTM A262, Practice E.
Ku miyoboro ya A312 idakora neza, ako kanya nyuma yo gushyuha, mu gihe ubushyuhe bw'umuyoboro butari munsi y'ubushyuhe bw'umusaruro bwagenwe, buri muyoboro ugomba kuzimwa mu mazi ukwawo cyangwa ugakonjeshwa vuba hakoreshejwe ubundi buryo.
Buri muyoboro ugomba gukorerwa ikizamini cy’amashanyarazi kidasenya cyangwa ikizamini cya hydrostatic. Ubwoko bw’ikizamini kizakoreshwa ni ubwakozwe n’uwagikoze, keretse iyo byavuzwe ukundi mu itegeko ryo kugura.
Uburyo bwo gupima bugomba gukorwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa na ASTM A999.
Ku miyoboro ifite ibikoresho bingana cyangwa binini kurusha NPS 10, hashobora gukoreshwa ikizamini cya sisitemu aho gukoresha ikizamini cya hydrostatic. Iyo ikizamini cya hydrostatic kitakozwe, ikimenyetso kigomba kuba kirimo "NH".
Imiyoboro irangiye igomba kuba igororotse kandi ifite ishusho nk'iy'umuntu.
Umuyoboro ugomba kuba udafite ubunini kandi wanduza uduce tw'icyuma two hanze. Gusiga, guturika, cyangwa kurangiza ubuso si itegeko iyo umuyoboro urimo gushyuha cyane. Umuguzi yemerewe gusaba ko umuyoboro urangiye ukoreshwa mu gusukura.
Gukuraho inenge hakoreshejwe gusya biremewe, mu gihe ubugari bw'inkuta butagabanutse bukagera munsi y'ubwemewe mu Gice cya 9 cya ASTM A999.
| Umushushanyi wa NPS | Kwihanganirana, % ifishi y'izina | |
| Birarangiye | Munsi | |
| 1/8 kugeza kuri 2 1/2 harimo, ikigereranyo cyose cya t/D | 20.0 | 12.5 |
| 3 kugeza kuri 18 harimo t/D kugeza kuri 5% harimo | 22.5 | 12.5 |
| Kuva kuri 3 kugeza kuri 18 harimo t/D ＞ 5% | 15.0 | 12.5 |
| 20 cyangwa nini, ivanze, ibipimo byose bya t/D | 17.5 | 12.5 |
| 20 cyangwa nini, nta mugozi, t/D kugeza kuri 5% harimo. | 22.5 | 12.5 |
| 20 cyangwa nini, idahindagurika, t/D ＞ 5% | 15.0 | 12.5 |
t = Ubunini bw'urukuta rwihariye; D = Gutondeka Diameter yo hanze.
Botop Steel itanga uburyo butandukanye bwo gupakira ku mishinga yawe, kuva ku gupakira imifuka iboshye no gupakira imifuka ya pulasitiki kugeza ku gupakira imifuka y'ibiti, igenzura ko ikoreshwa neza, irindwa mu gihe cyo kuyitwara, no kubahiriza ibisabwa n'umushinga.
Ibikoresho:imiyoboro n'ibikoresho bya ASTM A312 by'icyuma kidashonga;
Icyiciro:TP304, TP316, TP304L, na TP316L
Ingano:1/8" kugeza kuri 30", cyangwa byahinduwe hakurikijwe ibyo ukeneye;
Uburebure:Uburebure butunguranye cyangwa gukata hakurikijwe amabwiriza;
Gupfunyika:Imifuka iboshye, imifuka ya pulasitiki, amasanduku y'ibiti, n'ibindi.
Inkunga:EXW, FOB, CIF, CFR;
MOQ:metero 1;
Amategeko yo kwishyura:T/T cyangwa L/C;
Igiciro:Twandikire kugira ngo umenye ibiciro bigezweho.
