Umuyoboro w'icyuma wa ASTM A214 ni umuyoboro w'icyuma cya karuboni ukoreshwa mu bushyuhe, ukoreshwa mu byuma bihindura ubushyuhe, mu byuma bikonjesha, n'ibindi bikoresho bisa nabyo byo kohereza ubushyuhe. Ubusanzwe ukoreshwa ku byuma bifite umurambararo wo hanze utarenze mm 76.2.
Ubusanzwe ingano z'imiyoboro y'icyuma zikoreshwa nintarengwa na santimetero 76.2.
Izindi ngano z'umuyoboro w'icyuma wa ERW zishobora gushyirwaho, mu gihe uwo muyoboro wujuje ibindi bisabwa byose muri ibi bisobanuro.
Ibikoresho byatanzwe hakurikijwe iyi ngingo bigomba kuba bihuye n'ibisabwa muri iyi nyandiko igezweho ya Specification A450/A450M. keretse bivuzwe ukundi.
Imiyoboro igomba gukorwa nagusudira hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi (ERW).
Kubera ikiguzi cyayo gito cyo gukora, ubuhanga bwayo mu ngero zo hejuru, imbaraga n'uburambe byayo, hamwe n'uburyo bworoshye bwo gushushanya, umuyoboro w'icyuma wa ERW wabaye ibikoresho bikunzwe cyane mu buryo butandukanye bwo gukwirakwiza imiyoboro y'inganda, ubwubatsi, ndetse n'imishinga itandukanye y'ibikorwa remezo.
Nyuma yo gusudira, imiyoboro yose igomba gushyuha ku bushyuhe bwa dogere 900 cyangwa irenga hanyuma hagakurikiraho gukonjesha mu kirere cyangwa mu cyumba gikonjesha cy'itanura rigenzurwa.
Imiyoboro ikururwa n'ubukonje igomba kuvurwa ubushyuhe nyuma y'uko ikururwa n'ubukonje bwa nyuma ku bushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 650 cyangwa birenga.
| C(Karuboni) | Mn(Manganese) | P(Fosifore) | S(Sulfure) |
| ntarengwa 0.18% | 0.27-0.63 | ntarengwa 0.035% | ntarengwa 0.035% |
Ntibyemewe gutanga ingano z'icyuma gikozwe mu byuma bisaba by'umwihariko kongeramo ikindi kintu icyo ari cyo cyose kitari ibyavuzwe.
Ibisabwa na tekiniki ntibikurikizwa ku miyoboro ifite umurambararo w'imbere uri munsi ya 0.126 in [mm 3.2] cyangwa ubugari buri munsi ya 0.015 in [mm 0.4].
Umutungo wo gukurura
Nta bisabwa byihariye ku miterere y'ibikoresho byo gukurura muri ASTM A214.
Ibi biterwa nuko ASTM A214 ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu byuma bihindura ubushyuhe n'ibikonjesha. Imiterere n'imikorere y'ibi bikoresho ntabwo akenshi bishyira igitutu kinini ku muyoboro. Mu buryo bunyuranye, hitabwaho cyane ubushobozi bw'umuyoboro bwo kwihanganira igitutu, ubushobozi bwawo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe, ndetse no kudahura n'ingufu.
Ikizamini cyo Kugorora
Ku muyoboro ushongeshejwe, uburebure bw'igice cy'igerageza bukenewe ntabwo buri munsi ya santimetero 100 (4 inches).
Igerageza ryakozwe mu ntambwe ebyiri:
Intambwe ya mbere ni ikizamini cy'ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu mu buryo buciriritse, imbere cyangwa inyuma y'umuyoboro w'icyuma, nta cyuho cyangwa imvune bigomba kubaho kugeza igihe intera iri hagati y'ibipande iri munsi y'agaciro ka H kabazwe hakurikijwe formula ikurikira.
H=(1+e)t/(e+t/D)
H= intera iri hagati y'amasahani arambuye, muri. [mm],
t= ubugari bw'urukuta rw'umuyoboro bwagenwe, muri.[mm],
D= umurambararo w'inyuma w'umuyoboro, muri. [mm],
e= 0.09 (guhinduka kuri buri gice cy'uburebure) (0.09 ku cyuma gifite karuboni nkeya (karuboni ntarengwa yagenwe ni 0.18% cyangwa munsi yayo)).
Intambwe ya kabiri ni ikizamini cy'ubunyangamugayo, bizakomeza guhindurwa kugeza igihe icyitegererezo cyamenetse cyangwa inkuta z'imiyoboro zihurira. Mu gihe cyose cyo gupima, niba habonetse ibikoresho bifite laminated cyangwa bitameze neza, cyangwa niba imashini idafite ibikoresho yuzuye, igomba kwangwa.
Ikizamini cya Flange
Igice cy'umuyoboro kigomba kuba gishobora gushyirwa ku ruhande rw'imfuruka iburyo ku mubiri w'umuyoboro nta gucika cyangwa inenge zishobora kwangwa hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n'ibicuruzwa.
Ubugari bw'icyuma gikozwe mu byuma bya karuboni na alloy bugomba kuba munsi y'ijanisha.
| Ingano yo hanze | Ubugari bwa Flange |
| Kugeza kuri 2½ in [63.5 mm], harimo | 15% bya OD |
| Hejuru ya 2½ kugeza kuri 3¾ [63.5 kugeza 95.2], harimo | 12.5% bya OD |
| Hejuru ya 3¾ kugeza kuri 8 [95.2 kugeza 203.2], harimo | 15% bya OD |
Ikizamini cyo Gusubira inyuma cyo Kugorora
Umuyoboro wa santimetero 100 urangije gusukurwa mu bunini kugeza kuri mm 12.7 z'umurambararo wo hanze ugomba gucibwamo ibice 90° ku mpande zombi z'umuyoboro hanyuma icyitegererezo kigafungurwa kandi kigapfundikirwa hamwe n'umuyoboro aho umuyoboro ugonga cyane.
Nta kimenyetso cy'uko imiyoboro idashoboye kwinjira cyangwa ko hari aho ihurira bitewe no gukuraho itara mu gice cyo gusudira.
Ikizamini cy'Ubukomere
Ubukomere bw'umuyoboro ntibugomba kurenza72 HRBW.
Ku miyoboro ifite ubugari bwa mm 5.1 no hejuru yayo, hagomba gukoreshwa ikizamini cyo gukomera cya Brinell cyangwa Rockwell.
Isuzuma ry'amashanyarazi rikorwa hifashishijwe amazi cyangwa ritangiza amashanyarazi rikorwa kuri buri muyoboro w'icyuma.
Ikizamini cy'amazi
Itsindaagaciro ntarengwa k'umuvudukobigomba kugumana nibura iminota 5 nta gusohoka kw'amazi.
Igitutu gito cyane cya hydrostatic test gifitanye isano n'umurambararo w'inyuma n'ubugari bw'urukuta rw'umuyoboro. Kirashobora kubarwa hakoreshejwe formula.
Ibice bya santimetero 100: P = 32000 t/DorIbice bya SI: P = 220.6 t/D
P= igitutu cy'ikizamini cya hydrostatic, psi cyangwa MPa,
t= ubunini bw'urukuta bwagenwe, muri mm cyangwa muri mm,
D= umurambararo wo hanze wagaragajwe, muri. cyangwa mm.
Igitutu ntarengwa cyo kugerageza, kubahiriza ibisabwa biri hepfo.
| Ingano y'umuyoboro wo hanze | Igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'amazi, psi [MPa] | |
| OD <1 muri | OD ＜25.4 mm | 1000 [7] |
| 1≤ OD ＜1½ muri | 25.4≤ OD ＜38.1 mm | 1500 [10] |
| 1½≤ OD ＜2 muri | 38.≤ OD ＜50.8 mm | 2000 [14] |
| 2≤ OD ＜3 muri | 50.8≤ OD ＜76.2 mm | 2500 [17] |
| 3≤ OD ＜5 muri | 76.2≤ OD ＜127 mm | 3500 [24] |
| OD ≥5 muri | OD ≥127 mm | 4500 [31] |
Ikizamini cy'amashanyarazi kitangiza
Buri muyoboro ugomba gusuzumwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gupima butangiza ibintu hakurikijwe Ibisobanuro E213, Ibisobanuro E309 (ibikoresho bya ferromagnetique), Ibisobanuro E426 (ibikoresho bitari ibya magnetique), cyangwa Ibisobanuro E570.
Amakuru akurikira aturuka kuri ASTM A450 kandi yujuje ibisabwa ku miyoboro y'icyuma ishongeshejwe gusa.
Guhindagurika kw'ibiro
0 - + 10%, nta kugabanuka kw'ibiciro.
Uburemere bw'umuyoboro w'icyuma bushobora kubarwa hakoreshejwe formula.
W = C(Dt)t
W= uburemere, Ib/ft [kg/m],
C= 10.69 kuri Ibice bya Inch [0.0246615 kuri Ibice bya SI],
D= umurambararo wo hanze wagaragajwe, muri. [mm],
t= ubugari bw'urukuta buke bwagenwe, muri. [mm].
Guhindagurika k'ubunini bw'urukuta
0 - + 18%.
Itandukaniro ry'ubugari bw'urukuta rw'igice kimwe cy'umuyoboro w'icyuma kingana na 0.220 muri [5.6 mm] no hejuru yarwo ntirigomba kurenga ± 5% by'ubugari bw'urukuta rw'icyo gice.
Ubugari bw'urukuta busanzwe ni impuzandengo y'ubugari bw'urukuta bunini kandi buto cyane muri icyo gice.
Guhinduka kwa diameter yo hanze
| Ingano yo hanze | Impinduka zemewe | ||
| in | mm | in | mm |
| OD ≤1 | OD ≤ 25.4 | ± 0.004 | ± 0.1 |
| 1＜ OD ≤1½ | 25.4＜ OD ≤38.4 | ± 0.006 | ± 0.15 |
| 1½ ＜ OD ＜2 | 38.1＜ OD ＜50.8 | ± 0.008 | ± 0.2 |
| 2≤ OD ＜2½ | 50.8≤ OD ＜63.5 | ± 0.010 | ± 0.25 |
| 2½≤ OD ＜3 | 63.5≤ OD ＜76.2 | ± 0.012 | ± 0.30 |
| 3≤ OD ≤4 | 76.2≤ OD ≤101.6 | ± 0.015 | ± 0.38 |
| 4＜ OD ≤7½ | 101.6＜ OD ≤190.5 | -0.025 - +0.015 | -0.64 - +0.038 |
| 7½＜ OD ≤9 | 190.5＜ OD ≤228.6 | -0.045 - +0.015 | -1.14 - +0.038 |
Amavuta arangiye agomba kuba adafite igipimo. Ingano nto ya ogisijeni ntigomba gufatwa nk'igipimo.
Buri muyoboro ugomba kuba wanditseho ikimenyetso gisobanutse neza kirimoIzina cyangwa ikirango cy'uruganda, inomero y'ibisobanuro, na ERW.
Izina cyangwa ikimenyetso cy'uwakoze bishobora gushyirwa kuri buri muyoboro burundu binyuze mu kuzingurura cyangwa kuzishyiraho ikimenyetso gito mbere yo kuzihindura.
Iyo hashyizweho ikimenyetso kimwe ku muyoboro n'intoki, iki kimenyetso ntikigomba kuba munsi ya mm 200 uvuye ku mpera imwe y'umuyoboro.
Ubudahangarwa ku bushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko: Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko ni ingenzi cyane muri sisitemu yo guhanahana ubushyuhe.
Uburyo bwiza bwo gutwara ubushyuhe: Ibikoresho n'uburyo bwo gukora iyi mashini y'icyuma bitanga ubushobozi bwiza bwo gutwara ubushyuhe ku bikorwa bisaba guhanahana ubushyuhe neza.
Ubushuhe: Indi nyungu ni uko zishobora guhuzwa neza hakoreshejwe gusudira, bigatuma gushyiraho no kubungabunga byoroha.
Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu byuma bihindura ubushyuhe, ibikoresho bikonjesha, n'ibindi bikoresho bisa nabyo byo kohereza ubushyuhe.
1. Ibikoresho byo guhinduranya ubushyuhe: Mu nganda zitandukanye, ibikoresho bihindura ubushyuhe bikoreshwa mu kohereza ingufu z'ubushyuhe ziva ku mazi amwe (amazi cyangwa gaze) zijya ku yandi bitazibujije gukoranaho. Imiyoboro y'icyuma ya ASTM A214 ikoreshwa cyane muri ubwo bwoko bw'ibikoresho kuko ishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko ushobora kubaho muri icyo gikorwa.
2. Kondensiteri: Kondensi zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukuraho ubushyuhe mu bikorwa byo gukonjesha, urugero nko muri sisitemu zo gukonjesha no gukonjesha, cyangwa mu guhindura umwuka ushyushye mu mazi mu bigo by'amashanyarazi. Zikoreshwa muri izi sisitemu kubera ko zitwara ubushyuhe neza kandi zifite imbaraga za mekanike.
3. Ibikoresho byo guhanahana ubushyuhe: Ubu bwoko bw'umuyoboro w'icyuma bukoreshwa no mu bindi bikoresho byo guhanahana ubushyuhe nk'ibikoresha ubushyuhe n'ibikoresho byo gukonjesha, nk'ibikoresho bishyushya n'ibikonjesha.
ASTM A179: ni umuyoboro w'icyuma gishyushya ubushyuhe n'umuyoboro w'icyuma gikonjesha. Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa mu bikoresho bisa, nko mu bikoresho bishyushya ubushyuhe n'ibikoresho bishyushya. Nubwo A179 idashyushya, itanga imiterere isa yo gushyushya ubushyuhe.
ASTM A178: Itwikira imiyoboro ya karuboni na karuboni-manganese byuma bisukwa. Iyi miyoboro ikoreshwa muri boiler na superheaters, kandi ishobora no gukoreshwa mu buryo bwo guhanahana ubushyuhe hamwe n'ibikenewe bimwe, cyane cyane aho ibikoresho bisukwa bikenewe.
ASTM A192: itwikira imiyoboro y'icyuma cya karuboni idakora neza kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu buryo bushyushye cyane. Nubwo iyi miyoboro igenewe gukoreshwa cyane cyane mu bidukikije birimo umuvuduko mwinshi n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, ibikoresho byayo n'uburyo ikorwamo bituma iba ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu bindi bikoresho byo kohereza ubushyuhe bisaba imbaraga nyinshi n'ubushyuhe.
Turi uruganda rukora imiyoboro ya karubone ikoze mu byuma bishyushye kandi rutanga serivisi nziza ruturutse mu Bushinwa, tukaba tunatanga imiyoboro y'ibyuma bishyushye kandi bidafite umugozi, tuguha ibisubizo bitandukanye by'imiyoboro y'ibyuma!
Ku bibazo byose cyangwa kumenya byinshi ku byo dutanga, ntutindiganye kutwandikira. Ibisubizo byawe byiza by'imiyoboro y'icyuma biri hano!
