ASTM A178imiyoboro y'icyuma ni imiyoboro ya ERW (amashanyarazi arwanya amashanyarazi) yoicyuma cya karuboni na karuboni-manganeseikoreshwa nk'imiyoboro ya boiler, imiyoboro ya boiler, imiyoboro ishyushya cyane, n'intego z'umutekano.
Ikwiriye imiyoboro y'icyuma ifite umurambararo wo hanze wa mm 12.7-127 n'ubugari bw'urukuta buri hagati ya mm 0.9-9.1.
Imiyoboro ya ASTM A178 ikwiriye imiyoboro ikoreshwa mu kugabanya ubukana ifiteumurambararo wo hanze uri hagati ya 1/2 na 5 muri [12.7 - 127 mm] n'ubugari bw'inkuta buri hagati ya 0.035 - 0.360 muri [0.9 - 9.1 mm]Nubwo hari izindi ngano zihari uko bikenewe, mu gihe izi mashini zujuje ibisabwa byose muri ubu buryo.
Hari ibyiciro bitatu byo guhangana n'ahantu hatandukanye ho gukoreshwa.
Icyiciro cya A, Icyiciro cya C, n'Icyiciro cya D.
| Icyiciro | Ubwoko bw'icyuma cya karuboni |
| Icyiciro cya A | Icyuma gikozwe muri karuboni nkeya |
| Icyiciro cya C | Icyuma giciriritse cya karuboni |
| Icyiciro cya D | Icyuma cya Karuboni-Manganese |
Ibikoresho byatanzwe hakurikijwe iyi ngingo bigomba kuba bihuye n'ibisabwa muri iyi nyandiko igezweho ya Specification A450/A450M. keretse bivuzwe ukundi.
Icyiciro cya AnaIcyiciro cya CNtukavuge icyuma runaka; hitamo ibikoresho fatizo bikwiye uko bikenewe.
Icyuma cyaIcyiciro cya Dazicwa.
Icyuma cyishwe gikorwa hifashishijwe ibintu bigabanya ubushyuhe (urugero: silikoni, aluminiyumu, manganese, nibindi) mu cyuma gishongeshejwe mu gihe cyo gukora icyuma, bityo bikagabanya cyangwa bigakuraho umwuka wa ogisijeni mu cyuma.
Ubu buryo bwo kuvura butuma icyuma kirushaho kuba kimwe kandi kigakomera, bukongera imiterere yacyo mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, kandi bugatuma kidatwarwa n'ingufu.
Bityo rero, ibyuma byishwe bikoreshwa cyane mu bikorwa aho hakenewe urwego rwo hejuru rw'ubumwe n'imiterere myiza ya mekanike, nko gukora imiyoboro y'umuvuduko, ibyuma bishyushya, n'ibice binini by'imiterere.
Imiyoboro y'icyuma ikorwa hakoreshejweERWinzira yo gukora.
ERW (Uburinzi bw'amashanyarazi bwasutswe)ni inzira ikwiriye cyane mu gukora imiyoboro y'icyuma cya karuboni.
Kubera ibyiza byo gusudira cyane, ubuso bworoshye imbere n'inyuma, umuvuduko wihuse wo gukora, n'igiciro gito, ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nyinshi n'ubwubatsi.
ASTM A178umuyoboro w'icyumaigomba kuvurwa ubushyuhemu gihe cyo gukora. Ikoreshwa mu kunoza imiterere ya mekanike n'uburyo imiterere y'umuyoboro ihagaze neza, ndetse no gukuraho imihangayiko ishobora kuba yarashyizwe mu gihe cyo gusudira.
Nyuma yo gusudira, imiyoboro yose igomba gushyushwa ku bushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 900 cyangwa irenga hanyuma hagakurikiraho gukonjesha mu kirere cyangwa mu cyumba gikonjesha cy’itanura rigenzurwa n’ikirere.
Imiyoboro ikonje cyaneigomba kuvurwa ubushyuhe nyuma yo gukurura ubukonje bwa nyuma ku bushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 650 cyangwa hejuru.
Iyo isesengura ry'ibicuruzwa rikozwe, inshuro igenzura rikorwa rigenwa ku buryo bukurikira.
| Gushyira mu byiciro | Inshuro zo kugenzura |
| Umurambararo wo hanze ≤ 3in [76.2mm] | Ibice 250/igihe |
| Umurambararo wo hanze ＞ 3in [76.2mm] | Ibice 100/igihe |
| Gutandukanya ukurikije umubare w'ubushyuhe bw'umuyoboro | Kuri buri nomero y'ubushyuhe |
Ibisabwa ku miterere y’imashini ntibireba imiyoboro iri munsi ya 1/8 santimetero [3.2 mm] imbere cyangwa 0.015 santimetero [0.4 mm] y’ubugari.
1. Umutungo wo gukurura
Ku cyiciro cya C na D, ikizamini cyo gukurura kigomba gukorwa ku miyoboro ibiri muri buri gice.
Ku bijyanye no gupima imiyoboro yo mu rwego rwa A, ubusanzwe si ngombwa gupima imiyoboro yo mu rwego rwa A. Ibi biterwa nuko imiyoboro yo mu rwego rwa A ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukoresha umuvuduko muto n'ubushyuhe buke.
Imbonerahamwe ya 3 itanga agaciro k'uburebure buke bwabazwe kuri buri gabanuka rya 1/32 santimetero [0.8 mm] mu bunini bw'urukuta.
Niba ubunini bw'urukuta rw'umuyoboro w'icyuma butari bumwe muri ubu bunini bw'urukuta, bushobora no kubarwa hakoreshejwe formula.
Ibice bya santimetero: E = 48t + 15.00cyangwaIbice bya ISI: E = 1.87t + 15.00
E = uburebure muri mm 2 cyangwa 50, %,
t = ubunini nyabwo bw'ingero, muri. [mm].
2. Ikizamini cyo gukanda
Ibizamini byo gusohora amazi bikorwa ku bice by'imiyoboro bifite uburebure bwa mm 63 bigomba kwihanganira gusohora amazi mu buryo burambuye nta gucika, gucikamo ibice, cyangwa gucikamo ibice ku byuma bisudira.
Ku muyoboro uri munsi ya santimetero 25.4 z'umurambararo wo hanze, uburebure bw'icyitegererezo bugomba kuba inshuro ebyiri n'igice z'umurambararo wo hanze w'umuyoboro. Kugenzura gato ubuso ntibigomba kuba impamvu yo kwangwa.
3. Ikizamini cyo Kugabanya Ubushyuhe
Uburyo bw'igerageza buhuye n'ibisabwa n'ingingo ya 19 ya ASTM A450.
4. Ikizamini cya Flange
Uburyo bw'igerageza buhuye n'ibisabwa n'ingingo ya 22 ya ASTM A450.
5. Ikizamini cyo Gusubira inyuma mu buryo bworoshye
Uburyo bw'igerageza buhuye n'ibisabwa na ASTM A450, Ingingo ya 20.
Isuzuma ry'amashanyarazi rikorwa hifashishijwe amazi cyangwa ritangiza amashanyarazi rikorwa kuri buri muyoboro w'icyuma.
Ibisabwa bikurikije ASTM A450, Ingingo ya 24 cyangwa 26.
Amakuru akurikira aturuka kuri ASTM A450 kandi yujuje ibisabwa ku miyoboro y'icyuma ishongeshejwe gusa.
Guhindagurika kw'ibiro
0 - + 10%.
Guhindagurika k'ubunini bw'urukuta
0 - + 18%.
Guhinduka kwa diameter yo hanze
| Ingano yo hanze | Impinduka zemewe | ||
| in | mm | in | mm |
| OD ≤1 | OD≤ 25.4 | ± 0.004 | ± 0.1 |
| 1 1 ≤1½ | 25.4＜OD ≤38.4 | ± 0.006 | ± 0.15 |
| 1½ OD 2 | 38.1＜ OD＜50.8 | ± 0.008 | ± 0.2 |
| 2≤ OD ＜2½ | 50.8≤ OD ＜63.5 | ± 0.010 | ± 0.25 |
| 2½≤ OD＜3 | 63.5≤ OD ＜76.2 | ± 0.012 | ± 0.30 |
| 3≤ OD ≤4 | 76.2≤ OD ≤101.6 | ± 0.015 | ± 0.38 |
| 4＜OD ≤7½ | 101.6＜OD ≤190.5 | -0.025 - +0.015 | -0.64 - +0.038 |
| 7½＜ OD ≤9 | 190.5＜ OD ≤228.6 | -0.045 - +0.015 | -1.14 - +0.038 |
Nyuma yo gushyira muri boiler, umuyoboro ugomba kuba ushobora kwihanganira kwaguka no kunama nta mvune cyangwa gucikagurika ku byuma bisudira.
Umuyoboro wa superheater ugomba kwihanganira ibikorwa byose bikenewe byo gucura, gusudira, no gupfunyika nta nenge.
Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu miyoboro ya boiler, imiyoboro ya boiler, imiyoboro ya superheater, n'inkombe zitekanye.
ASTM A178 Icyiciro cya AKuba umuyoboro wa karuboni nkeya bituma woroha neza kandi ukagira imbaraga nyinshi mu kuwukoresha udahura n’umuvuduko mwinshi.
Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukoresha umuvuduko muto n'ubushyuhe buringaniye nka boilers zifite umuvuduko muto (urugero, boilers zo mu rugo, inyubako nto z'ibiro cyangwa boilers z'uruganda) n'izindi boilers zihindura ubushyuhe mu bidukikije bifite ubushyuhe buke.
ASTM A178 Icyiciro Cifite ingano nyinshi ya karuboni na manganese, ibyo bigatuma iyi tube ikomera kandi irwanya ubushyuhe mu gihe ikora cyane.
Bikwiriye gukoreshwa mu gukoresha umuvuduko uringaniye n'ubushyuhe buringaniye nk'amaboilers yo mu nganda n'amazi ashyushye, asanzwe akenera umuvuduko n'ubushyuhe bwinshi kurusha amaboilers yo mu rugo.
ASTM A178 Icyiciro cya Dimiyoboro ifite ingano nyinshi ya manganese na silikoni ikwiye kugira ngo itange imbaraga nziza no kwirinda ubushyuhe, bigatuma iguma mu bushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi kandi ikwiriye kwihanganira imimerere mibi yo gukora.
Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa ahantu hashyuha cyane n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, nko muri boilers za sitasiyo z'amashanyarazi n'ibishyushya cyane mu nganda.
1. ASTM A179 / ASME SA179: Imashini ihindura ubushyuhe bworoheje n'imiyoboro ya condenser idafite umushongi kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu buryo butuma umwuka uhindagurika. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bidukikije bifite umuvuduko muto, isa n'iya ASTM A178 mu miterere ya shimi n'iya mashini.
2. ASTM A192 / ASME SA192: Imiyoboro ya boiler y'icyuma cya karuboni idafite umuvuduko mwinshi. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora inkuta z'amazi, ibintu bigabanya ubukana n'ibindi bice by'umuvuduko ku boiler z'umuvuduko mwinshi cyane.
3. ASTM A210 / ASME SA210: Itwikira boiler y'icyuma gishyushya cyane hamwe n'imiyoboro ikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko uringaniye.
4. DIN 17175: Imiyoboro n'imiyoboro by'icyuma bitagira umushongi bikoreshwa mu bidukikije birimo umuvuduko mwinshi n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora imiyoboro y'umwuka ikoreshwa mu byuma bishyushya n'imiyoboro y'umuvuduko.
5. EN 10216-2: Ashyiraho imiterere ya tekiniki ku miyoboro n'imiyoboro idafite umugozi ikozwe mu byuma bidakoresha aloyi n'ibyuma bifite imiterere yihariye y'ubushyuhe bwinshi kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu gihe cy'umuvuduko.
6. JIS G3461: Itwikira imiyoboro y'icyuma cya karuboni ku byuma bishyushya n'ibihindura ubushyuhe. Ikwiriye mu bihe byo guhana ubushyuhe buri munsi n'ubushyuhe buri hagati.
Turi uruganda rukora imiyoboro ya karubone ikoze mu byuma bishyushye kandi rutanga serivisi nziza ruturutse mu Bushinwa, tukaba tunatanga imiyoboro y'ibyuma bishyushye kandi bidafite umugozi, tuguha ibisubizo bitandukanye by'imiyoboro y'ibyuma!
Ku bibazo byose cyangwa kumenya byinshi ku byo dutanga, ntutindiganye kutwandikira. Ibisubizo byawe byiza by'imiyoboro y'icyuma biri hano!
