ASTM A106umuyoboro w'icyuma ni umugozi udafite umushonoumuyoboro w'icyuma cya karuboniikwiriye gukoreshwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi.Ikoreshwa cyane mu nzego nyinshi nko mu nganda za peteroli na gaze, inganda zitanga ingufu n'inganda zikora imiti.
By'umwihariko,ASTM A106 Icyiciro BImiyoboro y'amazi ikunzwe cyane mu bikorwa byinshi kubera ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhaza ibisabwa mu mikorere ya mashini nyinshi z'ubwubatsi ndetse no ku giciro gito.
ASME SA106 = ASTM A106.
ASME SA106 na ASTM A106 birangana mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho n'imitungo, kandi bifite ibisabwa bimwe, ariko biri mu bigo bitandukanye bisohora inyandiko kandi bikoreshwa mu kubahiriza sisitemu zitandukanye zo kwemeza.
Ingano y'umurambararo: DN 6 - DN 1200 [NPS 1/8 - NPS 48];
Ingano y'inyuma: 10.3 - 1219 mm [0.405 - 48 in.];
Ubunini bw'urukutani nk'uko bigaragazwa muriASME B 36.10.
Ibyiciro bisanzwe by'ubugari bw'inkuta niGahunda ya 40naGahunda ya 80.
Ingano z'imiyoboro itari isanzwe zishobora gukoreshwa, mu gihe zujuje ibisabwa byose by'iyi kode.
ItsindaASTM A106gisanzwe gifite amanota atatu atandukanye,Icyiciro cya A, Icyiciro cya B, n'Icyiciro cya C.
Imbaraga z'umusaruro n'imbaraga zo gukurura byiyongera uko urwego rungana, ibyo bikaba bikoreshwa mu guhangana n'ahantu hatandukanye hakoreshwa.
Icyuma kigomba kuba icyuma cyishwe.
Umuyoboro w'icyuma wa ASTM A106 ugomba gukorwa hakoreshejweinzira yo gukora nta muvuduko.
Bitewe n'ingano y'umuyoboro n'uburyo ukoreshwa, bishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bitandukanyebyarangiye bishyushyenagukururwa n'ubukonjeubwoko.
DN ≤ 40 [NPS ≤ 1 1/2], ishobora gutuma ishyushye irangira cyangwa ikonje, ahanini ikaba ikonje.
DN ≥ 50 [NPS ≥ 2] igomba kuba ishyushye cyane. Imiyoboro y'icyuma ikonje kandi idahindagurika iraboneka iyo uyisabye.
Hasi hari igishushanyo mbonera cy'uburyo umuyoboro w'icyuma ushyushye ukozwe neza kandi udafite umugozi urimo gukorwa.
Imbonerahamwe y'imigendekere y'umusaruro ikozwe mu buryo bukonje ishobora kugaragara ukanze kuriImiyoboro y'icyuma cya karuboni ikozwe mu buryo bukonje ya ASTM A556.
Imiyoboro y'icyuma ishyushye kandi ikonje ifite imiterere ya mekanike, ubwiza bw'ubuso, n'ubuziranenge bw'ibipimo ndetse n'itandukaniro ry'ibipimo.
Imiyoboro ishyushye ikorwa ku bushyuhe bwinshi kandi ifite ubukonje bwiza ariko ubuso bwayo bugoye kandi ifite ubuziranenge buke; mu gihe imiyoboro ikonje ikorwa hakoreshejwe pulasitiki mu bushyuhe bw'icyumba kandi ifite imbaraga nyinshi, ubuso bworoshye, kandi igenzura neza uburebure, bigatuma ikoreshwa mu buryo busaba ubushishozi n'imikorere myiza.
Ikururwa n'ubukonjeimiyoboro igomba guterwa ubushyuhe kuUbushyuhe bugera kuri 1200°F [650°C]cyangwa hejuru nyuma yo gukurura ubukonje bwa nyuma.
Ishyushye cyaneimiyoboro y'icyuma ubusanzwe ntikenera kongera gushyushya.
Niba hakenewe uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe ku muyoboro w'icyuma ushyushye, ubushyuhe bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bugomba kuba hejuru y'ubushyuheUbushyuhe bugera kuri 650°C.
Gutunganya ubushyuhe byongera imiterere y’umuyoboro, byongera imiterere y’imashini, byongera ubudahangarwa bw’ingufu, byongera ubushobozi bwo gukora, byongera ubuziranenge bw’ibipimo, ndetse byongera ibisabwa n’ibipimo byihariye, bityo byongera cyane imikorere rusange n’uburyo umuyoboro ukwiriye.
a Kuri buri kugabanuka kwa 0.01% munsi y’umubare ntarengwa wa karuboni wagenwe, kwiyongera kwa 0.06% bya manganese hejuru y’umubare ntarengwa wagenwe kuzemererwa kugeza ku mubare ntarengwa wa 1.35%.
b Keretse umuguzi yabigennye ukundi, kuri buri kugabanuka kwa 0.01% munsi y’umubare ntarengwa wa karuboni wagenwe, kwiyongera kwa 0.06% bya manganese hejuru y’umubare ntarengwa wagenwe kuzemererwa kugeza ku kigero ntarengwa cya 1.65%.
cCr, Cu, Mo, Ni, na V ntibigomba kurenza 1% by'ibikubiye muri ibi bintu bitanu.
Icyiciro cya A, B na Cbitandukanye mu miterere yabyo ya shimi, cyane cyane mu bijyanye n'ingano ya karuboni na manganese.
Izi tandukaniro zigira ingaruka ku miterere y’imashini n’uburyo ikoreshwa ry’imiyoboro. Uko karuboni iba nyinshi, ni ko umuyoboro uba ukomeye, ariko gukomera kwawo gushobora kugabanuka. Ubwiyongere bw’ingano ya manganese bugira uruhare mu gukomera no gukomera kw’icyuma.
Umutungo wo gukurura
A: Uburebure buke muri mm 50 bugomba kugenwa n'ikigereranyo gikurikira:
Ibice bya santimetero-pound:e = 625.000A0.2/UO.9
Ibice bya Sl:e = 1940A0.2/U0.9
e: uburebure buke muri santimetero 50, %, bugera kuri 0.5% hafi,
A: agace k'igice cy'ikizamini cy'igerageza ry'umuvuduko, muri.2[mm2], hashingiwe ku murambararo w'inyuma cyangwa ubugari bw'ingero busanzwe n'ubugari bw'urukuta, buzungurutswe kuri 0.01 inches hafi2[1 mm2].
(Niba ubuso bwabazwe bungana cyangwa burenga 0.75 muri2[500 mm]2], hanyuma agaciro ka 0.75 muri2[500 mm]2] izakoreshwa.),
U: imbaraga zagenwe zo gukurura, psi [MPa].
Ikizamini cyo kunama
Ku miyoboro ya DN 50 [NPS 2] n'imito, hagomba kubaho uburebure buhagije bw'umuyoboro kugira ngo umuyoboro ukonje uhinduke muri dogere 90 udasenyutse ku giti cy'umugozi gifite umurambararo ukubye inshuro 12 umurambararo wo hanze w'umuyoboro.
Ku gipimo cya OD > santimetero 635, niba OD/T ≤ 7, ikizamini cyo kunama kirakenewe kugira ngo ugonde 180° nta gucika ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba. Imbere mu gice cyanamye ni santimetero 1.
Ikizamini cyo Kugorora
Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite umugozi wa ASTM A106 ntugomba gupimwa neza, ariko imikorere y'umuyoboro igomba kuba yujuje ibisabwa.
Keretse bibaye ngombwa by’umwihariko, buri muyoboro ugomba gupimwa amazi cyangwa ugapimwa amashanyarazi nta kuyangiza, kandi rimwe na rimwe byombi.
Iyo nta suzuma ryakozwe hifashishijwe amazi cyangwa ritangiza, umuyoboro ugomba gushyirwaho ikimenyetso cya "NH".
Ikizamini cy'amazi
Agaciro k'umuvuduko w'amazi ntikagomba kuba munsi ya 60% by'imbaraga z'umusaruro ntarengwa zagenwe.
Ishobora kubarwa hakoreshejwe formula ikurikira:
P = 2St/D
P = igitutu cy'ikizamini cya hydrostatic muri psi cyangwa MPa,
S = umuvuduko w'urukuta rw'imiyoboro muri psi cyangwa MPa,
t = ubunini bw'urukuta bw'izina, ubunini bw'urukuta bw'izina bujyanye n'umubare wagenwe wa ANSI, cyangwa inshuro 1.143 z'ubunini bw'urukuta bw'izina, muri. [mm],
D = umurambararo w'inyuma wagaragajwe, umurambararo w'inyuma ujyanye n'ingano y'umuyoboro wa ANSI wavuzwe, cyangwa umurambararo w'inyuma wabazwe wongeraho 2t (nk'uko byasobanuwe haruguru) ku murambararo w'imbere wavuzwe, muri. [mm].
Iyo hakozwe ikizamini cy'umuvuduko w'amazi, umuyoboro w'icyuma ugomba gushyirwaho ikimenyetsoigitutu cyo gupima.
Ikizamini cy'amashanyarazi kitangiza
Ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ubundi buryo bwo gupima amazi mu buryo bwa hydrostatic.
Umubiri wose wa buri muyoboro ugomba gukorerwa isuzuma ry'amashanyarazi ritangiza amashanyarazi hakurikijweE213, E309cyangwaE570ibipimo ngenderwaho.
Niba hakozwe ikizamini kidasenya, “NDE"Bigomba kugaragazwa ku buso bw'umuyoboro."
Misa
Uburemere nyabwo bw'umuyoboro bugomba kuba buri mu rugero rwa97.5% - 110%cy'uburemere bwagenwe.
Ingano y'inyuma
Ubunini
Ubunini bw'urukuta buke = 87.5% by'ubunini bw'urukuta bwagenwe.
Uburebure
Ishobora gushyirwa mu byicirouburebure bwagenwe, uburebure bumwe butunguranye, nauburebure bubiri butunguranye.
Uburebure bwagenwe: nk'uko bisabwa n'itegeko.
Uburebure bumwe butunguranye: metero 4.8-6.7 [16-22ft].
5% by'uburebure byemerewe kuba munsi ya metero 4.8 [16 ft], ariko ntibibe bigufi kurusha metero 3.7 [12 ft].
Uburebure bubiri butunguranye: Uburebure bw'ikigereranyo ni metero 10.7 [futi 35] naho uburebure bw'ikigereranyo ni metero 6.7 [futi 22].
Tanu ku ijana by'uburebure byemerewe kuba munsi ya metero 6.7 [futi 22], ariko ntibibe bigufi kurusha metero 4.8 [futi 16].
Umuyoboro w'icyuma wa ASTM A106 ukoreshwa cyane mu nganda nyinshi bitewe nuko urwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi.
1. Inganda zikora peteroli na gaze: Umuyoboro w'icyuma wa ASTM A106 ukoreshwa cyane mu miyoboro ya peteroli na gazi ikoreshwa kure, ibikoresho byo gucukura, n'inganda zitunganya peteroli, aho udashobora gushyuha cyane no gushyuha cyane bituma habaho umutekano no kwizerwa mu bidukikije bikomeye.
2. Inganda zitanga amashanyarazi: Ikoreshwa mu miyoboro y'amazi irimo ubushyuhe bwinshi, ikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi, ihinduranya ubushyuhe, na sisitemu yo gutanga umwuka ushyushye cyane kugira ngo itange imikorere ihamye n'igihe kirekire cyo kuyikoresha mu bihe bikomeye.
3. Ibimera by'imiti: Imiyoboro y'icyuma ya ASTM A106 ikoreshwa mu nganda zikora imiti mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi ikoreshwa mu byuma bitanga umuvuduko mwinshi, imiyoboro y'umuvuduko, iminara yo gukaraba, n'ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe bwinshi n'imiti ihumanya kugira ngo irebe ko ibikorwa byayo birangwa n'umutekano n'imikorere myiza.
4. Inyubako n'ibikorwa remezo: Ikoreshwa mu bushyuhe, guhumeka, no gukonjesha (HVAC) ndetse no mu buryo bwo kurinda inkongi y'umuriro kugira ngo ikore neza kandi igire umutekano mu nyubako.
ASTM A53 Icyiciro BnaAPI 5L Icyiciro B ni ubundi buryo busanzwe bwo gusimbura ASTM A106 Grade B.
Ku bijyanye n'ikimenyetso cy'imiyoboro y'icyuma idakora neza, dukunze kubona imiyoboro y'icyuma yujuje ibi bipimo bitatu icyarimwe, bigaragaza ko ifite urwego rwo hejuru rw'ubuziranenge mu bijyanye n'imiterere ya shimi, imiterere ya mekanike, n'ibindi.
Uretse ibikoresho bisanzwe byavuzwe haruguru, hari ibindi bipimo bisa na ASTM A106 mu bijyanye n'imiterere y'ibinyabutabire n'imiterere ya mekanike.
GB/T 5310: Shyira ku muyoboro w'icyuma udakora neza kuri boiler ifite umuvuduko mwinshi.
JIS G3454: Ku muyoboro w'icyuma cya karuboni wo gukoresha imiyoboro y'umuvuduko.
JIS G3455: Bikwiriye imiyoboro y'icyuma cya karuboni ku miyoboro ifite umuvuduko mwinshi.
JIS G3456: Imiyoboro y'icyuma cya karuboni ku miyoboro ikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi.
EN 10216-2: Imiyoboro y'icyuma idafite umushongi ikoreshwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi.
EN 10217-2: Imiyoboro y'icyuma ishongeshejwe kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu bushyuhe bwinshi.
GOST 8732: Imiyoboro y'icyuma idafite umushongi ikoreshwa mu gukoresha umuvuduko mwinshi n'ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Buri gice cy'imiyoboro y'icyuma idafite umugozi ya ASTM A106 cyagenzuwe neza cyangwa kigasuzumwa n'umwuga w'abandi mbere yo kuva mu ruganda, ari na byo dushimangira ko dufite ubuziranenge kandi ko tudahinduka ku bakiriya.
Igenzura ry'umurambararo wo hanze
Igenzura ry'ubunini bw'urukuta
Igenzura ry'Uburyo bwo Kugororoka
Igenzura rya UT
Igenzura rya nyuma
Igenzura ry'isura
Nubwo twita ku bwiza bw'ibicuruzwa byacu, tunatanga uburyo butandukanye bwo gupfunyika kugira ngo duhuze n'ibikenewe mu gutwara no kubika ibintu bitandukanye. Kuva ku gupfunyika gakondo kugeza ku gupfunyika mu buryo bwihariye, twiyemeje gutanga uburinzi bwiza bushoboka kuri buri mashini z'icyuma zoherezwa kugira ngo zigugereho mu mutekano kandi nta kwangirika.
Igishushanyo cy'umukara
Ingofero za pulasitiki
3LPE
Igipfunyika
Itara ry'amashanyarazi
Guhuza no Gushyiramo
Izi suzuma ntizemera gusa ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa byacu ahubwo zigaragaza n'umurava dutanga kuri serivisi zacu. Twiteguye gukorana namwe kugira ngo dutange ibisubizo by'imiyoboro y'icyuma ya ASTM A106 GR.B ikwiriye imishinga yanyu hamwe na serivisi nziza kandi ijyanye n'ubuhanga.
Kuva yashingwa mu 2014,Botop Steelyabaye ikigo gikomeye mu kugurisha imiyoboro y'icyuma cya karuboni mu majyaruguru y'Ubushinwa, kizwiho gutanga serivisi nziza, ibicuruzwa byiza, n'ibisubizo byuzuye.
Iyi kompanyi itanga imiyoboro itandukanye y’icyuma cya karuboni n’ibindi bifitanye isano, birimo imiyoboro y’icyuma idakora neza, ERW, LSAW, na SSAW, ndetse n’urutonde rwuzuye rw’imiyoboro n’ibice bifunganye. Ibicuruzwa byayo byihariye birimo kandi alloys nziza n’ibyuma bitarangirika bya austenitic, byakozwe kugira ngo bihuze n’ibikenewe mu mishinga itandukanye y’imiyoboro.
Umuyoboro w'icyuma kidakora neza wa ASTM A53 Gr.A & Gr. B wa karuboni ukoresha icyuma kidakora neza cya karuboni gikoreshwa mu muyoboro wa peteroli na gaze
Imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi y'icyuma cya karuboni cya ASTM A556 gikonje gikozwe mu byuma bishyushya amazi
Umuyoboro w'icyuma kidafunze wa ASTM A334 wo mu cyiciro cya 1 cya karuboni
Umuyoboro wa ASTM A519 w'icyuma kidafite umuvuduko uvanze na karuboni na aloyi
Umuyoboro w'icyuma utagira umuvuduko wa JIS G3455 STS370 wo gutanga serivisi y'umuvuduko mwinshi
Imiyoboro ya ASTM A192 y'icyuma cya karuboni gikoreshwa mu gushyushya umuvuduko mwinshi
Umuyoboro wa JIS G 3461 STB340 w'icyuma gishyushya icyuma cya karuboni kidakora neza
Imiyoboro ya AS 1074 y'icyuma kidakora neza ikoreshwa mu mirimo isanzwe
Umuyoboro w'icyuma utagira umugozi wa API 5L GR.B wo gutunganya ibikoresho bya mekanike uremereye
Umuyoboro w'icyuma kidakora neza wa ASTM A53 Gr.A & Gr. B wa karuboni ukoresha icyuma kidakora neza cya karuboni gikoreshwa mu muyoboro wa peteroli na gaze
