Umuyoboro w'icyuma wa AS 1579ni umuyoboro w'icyuma ukozwe mu buryo bwa "butt weld arc" ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutwara amazi n'amazi mabi ufite umurambararo wo hanze wa ≥ 114 mm no ku miyoboro ifite umuvuduko utarenga 6.8 MPa.
Imiyoboro y'amazi ni imiterere y'uruziga ijyanwa mu butaka kandi ntikoreshwa mu kugenzura umuvuduko w'amazi imbere mu butaka.
Umurambararo muto wo hanze ni 114mm, nubwo nta mbogamizi yihariye ku bunini bw'umuyoboro ariko ingano nziza ziratangwa.
Bigomba gukorwa mu buryo bwasesenguwe cyangwa bw’imiterere y’icyuma gishyushye gikozwe mu buryo buhuye na AS/NZS 1594 cyangwa AS/NZS 3678.
Bitewe n'uko ikoreshwa burundu, iracyashyirwa mu byiciro bikurikira:
Imiyoboro yapimwe hifashishijwe amazibigomba gukorwa bivuye mu isesengura cyangwa urwego rw'imiterere y'icyuma gishyushye gikozwe mu byuma bishyushye bikurikije AS/NZS 1594 cyangwa AS/NZS 3678.
Imiyoboro n'imiyoboro idapimwe hifashishijwe amaziigomba gukorwa mu cyuma cy’imiterere gikurikije AS/NZS 1594 cyangwa AS/NZS 3678.
Ubundi buryo,imirundobishobora gukorwa mu rwego rwo gusesengura hakurikijwe AS/NZS 1594., muri icyo gihe icyuma kigomba gupimwa mu buryo bwa mashini hakurikijwe AS 1391 kugira ngo cyerekane ko cyujuje ibisabwa byagenwe n'umuguzi.
Umuyoboro w'icyuma wa AS 1579 ukorwa hakoreshejwegusudira umugozi.
Udusudi twose tugomba kuba dusudiwe mu buryo bwuzuye.
Gusudira umugozi bikoresha ubushyuhe bw'umugozi w'amashanyarazi kugira ngo bishongeshe ibikoresho by'icyuma kandi bikore umugozi uhujwe hagati y'ibyuma kugira ngo bikore imiterere y'umuyoboro w'icyuma uhoraho.
Uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa mu gukora ubushuhe bwa arc ni SAW (Sumerged Arc Welding), izwi kandi nkaDSAW, zishobora gushyirwa mu byiciroLSAW(SAWL) na SSAW (HSAW) hakurikijwe icyerekezo cy'aho umusego w'igitereko uherereye.
Uretse SAW, hari ubundi bwoko bwo gusudira arc nka GMAW, GTAW, FCAW, na SMAW. Uburyo butandukanye bwo gusudira arc bufite imiterere yabwo n'uburyo bwo kuyikoresha, kandi guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gusudira biterwa n'ibipimo by'umuyoboro w'icyuma ugomba gukorwa, ingengo y'imari, n'ibisabwa mu bwiza.
Amabwiriza ubwayo ntagaragaza neza imiterere yihariye y’ibinyabutabire n’imiterere ya mekanike, kuko akenshi ibi biterwa n’amahame yihariye y’icyuma nka AS/NZS 1594 cyangwa AS/NZS 3678, asobanura neza ibisabwa mu byuma bikoreshwa mu gukora iyo miyoboro.
AS 1579 igaragaza gusa ingano ya karuboni.
Igipimo cya karuboni (CE) cy'icyuma ntikigomba kurenza 0.40.
CE = Mn / 6 + (Cr + Mo + V) / 5 + (Ni + Cu) / 15
CE ni igipimo cy'ingenzi gikoreshwa mu gusuzuma ubushobozi bwo gusudira bw'icyuma. Bifasha kumenya ubukomere bushobora kubaho mu cyuma nyuma yo gusudira bityo bigasuzuma ubushobozi bwo gusudira.
Isuzuma ry'umuvuduko w'amazi rikenewe kuri buri muyoboro w'icyuma w'amazi cyangwa amazi yanduye ukoreshwa mu gutwara abantu.
Ubusanzwe imiyoboro y'amazi ntabwo isabwa gupimwa hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga kuko ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutwara imizigo y'inyubako aho kwikorera imbaraga z'imbere mu mubiri.
Amahame y'igerageza
Umuyoboro ufunze ku mpera zose kandi ushyirwamo umuvuduko w’amazi.
Igenzurwa niba ifite imbaraga ku gitutu kigaragaza igitutu cy’imiterere y’umuyoboro. Igenzurwa niba ifunze neza ku gitutu cy’umuyoboro.
Ibitutu byo mu igerageza
Igitutu ntarengwa cy’umuyoboro w’icyuma ni 6.8 MPa. Iki gitutu ntarengwa gishyirwaho n’umupaka ntarengwa w’ibikoresho byo gupima igitutu cya 8.5 MPa.
Pr= 0.72×(2×SMYS×t)/OD cyangwa Pr= 0.72×(2×NMYS×t)/OD
Pr: Igitutu gipimirwa, muri MPa;
SMYS: Ingufu ntoya z’umusaruro zagaragajwe, muri MPa;
NMYS: Ingufu ntoya zo gutanga umusaruro, muri MPa;
tUbugari bw'urukuta, muri mm;
OD: Umurambararo wo hanze, muri mm.
Mu bihe byihutirwa, ingufu z'igihe gito zishobora gutuma umuvuduko w'imiyoboro wiyongera. Muri ibi bihe, ingufu ntarengwa zemewe zivanze zigomba kugenwa n'uwagennye, ariko ntizigomba kurenza 0.90 x SMYS.
Pt= 1.25Pr
Nyuma y'igeragezwa ry'imbaraga, nta gucika cyangwa gusohoka kw'umuyoboro w'igerageza bigomba kubaho.
90% by'imbaraga z'umusaruro muto wagenwe (SMYS) cyangwa imbaraga z'umusaruro muto wagenwe (NMYS) cyangwa 8.5 MPa, icyo ari cyo cyose kiri munsi.
Pl= Pr
Ikizamini cyo kuva amazi kigomba gukorwa ku muyoboro.
Mu gihe cyo gupima amazi asohoka, nta mazi asohoka ashobora kugaragara ku buso bw'umuyoboro.
Imiyoboro yose yo gupima idakoresha amazi igomba kugira ubugari bw'urukuta butari munsi ya mm 8.0.
UmuyoboroIgomba gupimwa 100% by'imashini zayo zo gusudira zitangiza hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa ultrasound cyangwa radiografiya hakurikijwe AS 1554.1 Category SP kandi ikubahiriza ibisabwa byagenwe byo kwemerwa.
Isuzuma ritangiza imiyoboro y'ibirundo by'ibice ritangiza ubwikoreziku miyoboro y'imiyoboroIbisubizo by'ibizamini bigomba kubahiriza ibisabwa na AS/NZS 1554.1 Class SP. Iyo igenzura rigaragaje ko ritubahirije ibirango, isudira yose iri kuri uwo muyoboro igomba gusuzumwa.
Imiyoboro n'ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gutwara amazi n'imyanda bigomba kurindwa ingese hakoreshejwe uburyo bukwiye bwo gusiga. Gusiga bigomba gukoreshwa hakurikijwe AS 1281 na AS 4321.
Ku bijyanye n'amazi meza, bagomba kubahiriza AS/NZS 4020. Intego ni ukureba ko ibyo bicuruzwa, iyo bihuye n'amazi, bitagira ingaruka mbi ku bwiza bw'amazi, nko kwanduzanya ibinyabutabire, kwanduzanya kwa mikorobe, cyangwa guhindura uburyohe n'isura y'amazi.
Ubuso bw'inyuma bw'umuyoboro, butarenze mm 150 uvuye ku mpera, bugomba gushyirwaho amakuru akurikira neza kandi ahoraho:
a) Nimero yihariye y'uruhererekane, ni ukuvuga inomero ya tube;
b) Aho byakorewe;
c) Umurambararo wo hanze n'ubugari bw'urukuta;
d) Nimero isanzwe, ni ukuvuga AS 1579;
e) Izina cyangwa ikirango cy'uruganda;
f) Igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'umuyoboro w'igerageza rya hydrostatic (ku muyoboro w'icyuma gusa wakorewe isuzuma rya hydrostatic);
g) Ikimenyetso cyo gupima kitangiza (NDT) (gusa ku muyoboro w'icyuma wakorewe isuzuma ritangiza).
Uruganda rugomba guha Umuguzi icyemezo cyashyizweho umukono kivuga ko umuyoboro wakozwe hakurikijwe ibisabwa n'Umuguzi n'iri Tegeko.
ASTM A252: Yagenewe imiyoboro y'ibyuma kandi ikubiyemo imiterere irambuye ya mekanike n'ibipimo by'imiti ku byiciro bitatu by'imikorere.
EN 10219: ijyanye n'imiyoboro y'icyuma ikonje ishongeshejwe kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu nyubako harimo n'imiyoboro.
ISO 3183: Umuyoboro w'icyuma ukoreshwa mu nganda za peteroli na gaze, ufite ubuziranenge n'imbaraga bikenewe bituma uba mwiza no gutwara imiyoboro.
API 5L: Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu miyoboro y'ubwikorezi mu nganda za peteroli na gaze, amahame meza atuma ikoreshwa mu gukora imiyoboro iremereye cyane.
CSA Z245.1: Igena imiyoboro y'icyuma n'ibikoresho byo gutwara peteroli na gaze, binakwiriye imiyoboro.
ASTM A690: Yagenewe imiyoboro y'ibyuma ikoreshwa mu mazi n'ahandi nk'aho, ishimangira uburyo bwo kurwanya ingese.
JIS A 5525: Umuyoboro w'icyuma usanzwe utwikiriwe n'Abayapani ku miyoboro, harimo ibikoresho, uburyo bwo gukora, ingano n'ibisabwa mu mikorere.
GOST 10704-91: Umuyoboro w'icyuma ugororotse ushongeshejwe n'amashanyarazi kugira ngo ukoreshwe mu nyubako no mu buhanga, harimo n'imiyoboro y'amazi.
GOST 20295-85: Ibisobanuro birambuye ku miyoboro y'icyuma ikoreshwa mu gutwara peteroli na gaze, bigaragaza imikorere yayo mu gihe cy'umuvuduko mwinshi no mu bidukikije bikomeye, ikoreshwa ku miyoboro y'amazi.
Kuva yashingwa mu 2014, Botop Steel yabaye ikigo gikomeye mu kugurisha imiyoboro y'icyuma cya karuboni mu majyaruguru y'Ubushinwa, kizwiho gutanga serivisi nziza, ibicuruzwa byiza, n'ibisubizo byuzuye.
Iyi kompanyi itanga imiyoboro itandukanye y’icyuma cya karuboni n’ibindi bifitanye isano, harimo imiyoboro y’icyuma idakora neza, ERW, LSAW, na SSAW, ndetse n’urutonde rwuzuye rw’imiyoboro n’ibice by’imiyoboro.
Ibikoresho byayo byihariye birimo kandi aloi nziza n'ibyuma bitagira umugese bya austenitic, byakozwe kugira ngo bihuze n'ibyo imishinga itandukanye y'imiyoboro isaba.
