API 5L X70 (L485)ni ubwoko bw'umuyoboro w'icyuma ukoreshwa mu nganda za peteroli na gaze mu gutwara imiyoboro, witiriwe niburaimbaraga z'umusaruro wa psi 70,300 (485 MPa), kandi igizwe n'imiyoboro idafite umugozi n'ifite ibyuma bivanze kandi igabanyijemo urwego rubiri rw'ibicuruzwa, PSL1 na PSL2. Muri PSL1, X70 ni yo ifite urwego rwo hejuru, mu gihe muri PSL2 nayo ari imwe mu miyoboro y'icyuma iri hejuru.
Umuyoboro w'icyuma wa API 5L X70 ukwiriye cyane cyane ibyo gutwara abantu mu ntera ndende kandi ukoresha umuvuduko mwinshi bitewe n'imbaraga zawo nyinshi no kudakomera. Kugira ngo ushobore kwihanganira umuvuduko mwinshi, umuyoboro w'icyuma wa X70 ukunze kuba ufite inkuta nini kugira ngo ukomere kandi urambe bihagije.
Botop Steelni umwuga mu gukora imiyoboro y'icyuma ya LSAW ifite inkuta nini kandi ifite uburebure bubiri iherereye mu Bushinwa.
Aho iherereye: Umujyi wa Cangzhou, Intara ya Hebei, mu Bushinwa;
Igiteranyo cy'ishoramari: miliyoni 500 z'amanyarwanda;
Ubuso bw'uruganda: metero kare 60.000;
Ubushobozi bwo gukora buri mwaka: toni 200.000 z'imiyoboro y'icyuma ya JCOE LSAW;
Ibikoresho: Ibikoresho bigezweho byo gukora no gupima;
Ubuhanga bwihariye: Gukora imiyoboro y'icyuma ya LSAW;
Icyemezo: Icyemezo cya API 5L.
Ibisabwa mu gutanga
Imiterere y'itangwa ni uko umuyoboro w'icyuma ushyushye cyangwa utunganywa iyo witeguye gushyikirizwa umukiriya nyuma yo kuwukora. Imiterere y'itangwa ni ingenzi kugira ngo umuyoboro ube ufite imiterere ikenewe ya mekanike n'ubuziranenge bw'imiterere yawo.
Bitewe n'urwego rwa PSL n'uko imodoka ihagaze, X70 ishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bikurikira:
PSL1: X70 (L485);
PSL2: X70Q (L485Q) na X70M (L485M);
Inyuguti z'inyuma za PSL2 Q na M zisobanura:
Q: Yazimye kandi irashyuha;
M: Ikozwe mu buryo bwa Thermomechanical izungurutse cyangwa ikozwe mu buryo bwa thermomechanical;
Uburyo bwemewe bwo gukora API 5L X70
Uburyo bwo gukora X70 burimo byombiidasobekeranye kandi ivanzeimiterere, ishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bikurikira:
Muri ibi,SAWL(LSAW) ni bwo buryo bukunze gukoreshwa cyane mu gukora imashini zisukwa za X70 kandi bufite akamaro mu gukora imiyoboro y'icyuma ifite uburebure bunini kandi ifite inkuta nini.
Nubwo imiyoboro y'icyuma idakora neza ifatwa nk'amahitamo meza bitewe n'imiterere yayo mu bihe bimwe na bimwe bikomeye, ubugari ntarengwa bw'imiyoboro y'icyuma idakora neza bukunze kugarukira kuri mm 660. Ubu bunini bushobora guteza ikibazo iyo habayeho imishinga minini y'imiyoboro yo gutwara abantu ikora intera ndende.
Mu buryo bunyuranye, inzira ya LSAW ishobora gukora imiyoboro ifite umurambararo wa mm 1.500 n'ubugari bw'inkuta bugera kuri mm 80. Kandi igiciro gishobora kuba cyiza kurusha icyuma kidasobanyijemo umugozi.
API 5L X70 Imiterere y'ibinyabutabire
Imiterere ya chimique ya PSL 1 ifite t ≤ 25.0 mm (0.984 in.)
Imiterere ya chimique ya PSL 2 ifite t ≤ 25.0 mm (0.984 in.)
Ku bicuruzwa by'imiyoboro y'icyuma ya PSL2 byasesenguwe hakoreshejweingano ya karuboni ya ≤0.12%, CE ingana na karubonePCMishobora kubarwa hakoreshejwe formula ikurikira:
CEPCM= C + Si / 30 + Mn / 20 + Cu / 20 + Ni / 60 + Cr / 20 + Mo / 15 + V / 15 + 5B
Ku bicuruzwa by'imiyoboro y'icyuma ya PSL2 byasesenguwe hakoreshejweibipimo bya karuboni > 0.12%, CE ingana na karubonellwishobora kubarwa hakoreshejwe formula iri hepfo:
CEllw= C + Mn / 6 + (Cr + Mo + V) / 5 + (Ni + Cu) / 15
Imiterere ya shimi ifite t ＞ 25.0 mm (0.984 in.)
Bigomba kugenwa binyuze mu biganiro kandi bigahindurwa ku buryo bukwiye hashingiwe ku bisabwa ku buryo bw'imiti byavuzwe haruguru.
Imiterere ya API 5L X70 ya Mechanical
Imiterere yo Gufata
Imiterere ya PSL1 X70 yo gukurura
Imiterere ya PSL2 X70 yo gukurura
Icyitonderwa: Ibisabwa birambuye muriAPI 5L X52, ishobora kurebwa nibiba ngombwa.
Andi magerageza ya tekiniki
Porogaramu ikurikira y'igeragezaikoreshwa gusa ku bwoko bw'imiyoboro y'icyuma ya SAW.
Ikizamini cyo kunama gikoreshwa mu gusonera;
Ikizamini cyo gukomera k'umuyoboro ukozwe mu buryo bukonje;
Igenzura rya macro ry'umushono ushongeshejwe;
kandi gusa ku muyoboro w'icyuma wa PSL2: ikizamini cy'ingaruka za CVN n'ikizamini cya DWT.
Ibintu byo gupima n'inshuro zo gupima ku bundi bwoko bw'imiyoboro biboneka mu mbonerahamwe ya 17 na 18 y'amahame ngenderwaho ya API 5L.
Ikizamini cy'amazi
Igihe cy'ikizamini
Ingano zose z'imiyoboro y'icyuma idakora kandi ivanze ifite D ≤ 457 mm (18 in.):igihe cy'ikizamini ≥ 5segonda;
Umuyoboro w'icyuma ushongeshejwe D > 457 mm (18 in.):igihe cy'ikizamini ≥ 10s.
Inshuro zo kugerageza
Buri muyoboro w'icyumakandi nta gusohoka kw'amazi kugomba kuva mu gice cyo gusudira cyangwa ku muyoboro mu gihe cyo kugerageza.
Ibitutu by'ibizamini
Igitutu cy'ikizamini cya hydrostatic P cya aumuyoboro w'icyuma usanzwebishobora kubarwa hakoreshejwe formula.
P = 2St/D
Sni umuvuduko wa hoop. agaciro kangana n'imbaraga ntoya zagaragajwe z'umusaruro w'umuyoboro w'icyuma wa xa, muri MPa (psi);
tni ubugari bw'urukuta bwagaragajwe, bugaragazwa muri milimetero (inchi);
Dni umurambararo w'inyuma wavuzwe, ugaragazwa muri milimetero (inchi).
Igenzura ritangiza ibidukikije
Ku miyoboro ya SAW, uburyo bubiri,UT(isuzuma rya ultrasonic) cyangwaRT(ibizamini bya radiyografiya), ubusanzwe bikoreshwa.
ET(isuzuma rya elegitoroniki) ntirikoreshwa ku miyoboro ya SAW.
Imigozi ishongeshejwe ku miyoboro ishongeshejwe ifite ubunini bwa ≥ L210/A n'umurambararo wa ≥ mm 60.3 (inchi 2.375) igomba gusuzumwa mu buryo butangiza ubunini n'uburebure (100%) nk'uko byavuzwe.
Isuzuma rya UT ritangiza ibidukikije
Isuzuma rya RT ritangiza imiterere
Ku muyoboro wa SAW na COW, imiyoboro igomba gusuzumwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kugenzura hakoreshejwe radiyo mu ntera ya mm 200 (8.0 in) uvuye kuri buri mpera y'umuyoboro, igomba gusuzumwa hakoreshejwe radiyo.
Imbonerahamwe y'ingengabihe y'imiyoboro ya API 5L
Kugira ngo byorohere kureba no gukoresha, twateguye gahunda y'amadosiye ya PDF. Ushobora buri gihe gukuramo no kureba izi nyandiko nibiba ngombwa.
Garagaza umurambararo wo hanze n'ubunini bw'urukuta
Ingano zisanzwe z'umurambararo w'inyuma n'ubugari bw'inkuta z'umuyoboro w'icyuma zitangwa muriISO 4200naASME B36.10M.
Ubwihangane mu Bipimo
Ibisabwa na API 5L ku bushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu bingana bisobanuwe mu buryo burambuyeAPI 5L Icyiciro BKugira ngo wirinde gusubiramo, ushobora gukanda ku nyuguti y'ubururu kugira ngo urebe ibisobanuro birambuye.
Inenge zisanzwe n'ibisanwa
Ku miyoboro ya SAW, ubusembwa bukurikira bukunze kuboneka: impande zacitse, ubushyuhe bw'imirongo, imiterere y'inyuma, ubusumbane bw'imiterere y'ishusho, uduce duto, n'ibindi.
Inenge zabonetse binyuze mu igenzura ry’amaso zigomba kwemezwa, gushyirwa mu byiciro, no gukurwaho ku buryo bukurikira.
a) Ubujyakuzimu ≤ 0.125t, kandi ntibigire ingaruka ku bunini bw'urukuta rwemewe rw'ikosa bigomba kugenwa nk'ikosa ryemewe kandi bigomba gukurwaho hakurikijwe ingingo ya C.1.
b) Inenge zirenze toni 0.125 z'ubujyakuzimu zidakora ku bunini bw'urukuta rwemewe zifatwa nk'inenge kandi zigomba gukurwaho no kongera gukosora hakurikijwe C.2 cyangwa zigatabwa hakurikijwe C.3.
c) Inenge igize ingaruka ku bunini bw'urukuta rwemewe igomba kumenyekana nk'inenge kandi igakurwaho hakurikijwe C.3.
Ibara ry'ibara
Iyo ubisabye, ikimenyetso cy'amabara kingana na mm 50 (inchi 2) z'umurambararo gishobora gusigwa irangi imbere muri buri muyoboro w'icyuma kugira ngo byoroshye gutandukanya ibikoresho bitandukanye.
| Icyiciro cy'imiyoboro | Ibara ry'irangi |
| L320 cyangwa X46 | Umukara |
| L360 cyangwa X52 | Icyatsi kibisi |
| L390 cyangwa X56 | Ubururu |
| L415 cyangwa X60 | Umutuku |
| L450 cyangwa X65 | Umweru |
| L485 cyangwa X70 | Umuhengeri-umuhondo |
| L555 cyangwa X80 | Umuhondo |
Ibyuma bya X70 bingana iki?
ISO 3183 - L485: Iki ni icyuma gikozwe mu muyoboro w’amazi gikurikije ibipimo mpuzamahanga kandi gifite imiterere isa na API 5L X70.
CSA Z245.1 - GR 485: Iki ni igipimo cy'icyuma cyemewe n'ishyirahamwe ry'ibipimo bya Kanada ku miyoboro ya peteroli na gaze.
EN 10208-2 - L485MB: Iyi ni icyuma gikoreshwa mu gukora imiyoboro y’amazi hakurikijwe amahame y’Uburayi agenga imiyoboro yo gutwara peteroli na gaze.
Gupfuka
Ntabwo duha abakiriya bacu imiyoboro y'icyuma ya X70 nziza gusa, ahubwo tunatanga ubwoko bwinshi bwa serivisi zo gusiga kugira ngo duhuze n'ibyo imishinga itandukanye ikeneye.
Gusiga irangi: Amarangi gakondo atanga uburinzi bw'ibanze ku ingese kandi akwiriye ahantu hatari habi cyane cyangwa ku burinzi bw'agateganyo.
Gutwikira FBE: Ishyirwa ku buso bw'umuyoboro w'icyuma hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutera amashanyarazi hanyuma igakira n'ubushyuhe. Iyi mvange ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya imiti n'uburibwe kandi ikwiriye imiyoboro yo munsi y'ubutaka cyangwa iyo munsi y'amazi.
Gusiga irangi rya 3LPE: Igizwe n'agapira ka epoxy, agapira gafatana, n'agapira ka polyethylene, itanga uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya ingese no kurinda ikoranabuhanga ku buryo butandukanye bwo gutwara imiyoboro yo munsi y'ubutaka.
Gusiga irangi rya 3LPP: Kimwe na 3LPE, irangi rya 3LPP rigizwe n'ibice bitatu, ariko rikoresha polypropylene nk'urwego rwo hanze. Iri rangi rifite ubushobozi bwo kwirinda ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi rikwiriye gukoreshwa mu miyoboro mu bushyuhe bwinshi.
Ingufu zishobora gutoranywa hashingiwe ku buryo bwihariye bwo gukoresha n'ibisabwa n'umuyoboro kugira ngo imiyoboro ya API 5L X70 ikomeze kuba yizewe kandi itekanye mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha.
Impamvu zo Kuduhitamo ku muyoboro w'icyuma wa X70
1. Inganda zifite icyemezo cya API 5L: Inganda zacu zifite icyemezo cya API 5L, gihamya ko ibicuruzwa bifite ubuziranenge bwo hejuru kuva aho biva bikagera ku bicuruzwa birangiye kandi bikaba bifite inyungu ku giciro.
2. Ubwoko bwinshi bw'imiyoboro: Ntabwo turi abakora imiyoboro y'ibyuma ivanze gusa, ahubwo turi n'abakora imiyoboro y'ibyuma bidakora neza, kandi dushobora gutanga ubwoko bwinshi bw'imiyoboro ishobora guhaza ibyo imishinga itandukanye ikeneye.
3. Ibikoresho byuzuye byo gushyigikira: Uretse imiyoboro y'icyuma, dushobora kandi gutanga imigozi, inkokora, n'ibindi bikoresho biyishyigikira, tugatanga ibisubizo byo kugura umushinga wawe ahantu hamwe.
4. Serivisi yihariye: Dushobora gutanga ibisubizo byihariye hakurikijwe ibyo abakiriya bakeneye byihariye, harimo no gukora no gutunganya imiyoboro y'ibyuma bifite imiterere yihariye.
5. Serivisi zihariye: Kuva yashingwa mu 2014, iyi sosiyete yitabiriye imishinga myinshi y’ubwubatsi ndetse inakusanya ubunararibonye bwinshi muri uru rwego, bituma itanga serivisi zihariye n’ubufasha.
6. Gusubiza vuba no gushyigikira: Itsinda ryacu rishinzwe abakiriya rishobora gutanga ubufasha bwihuse n'ubufasha bw'inzobere mu bya tekiniki kugira ngo ibibazo byawe n'ibyo ukeneye bikemuke ku gihe.
