API 5L Icyiciro Bumuyoboro w'icyuma ukorwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa birebaAPI 5Lkandi ikoreshwa cyane mu buryo bwo gutwara imiyoboro mu nganda za peteroli na gaze.
Icyiciro cya Bishobora kandi kwitwaL245Ikiranga ni uko imbaraga nkeya z'umuyoboro w'icyuma ari245 MPa.
Umuyoboro wa API 5L uboneka mu byiciro bibiri by'ibicuruzwa:PSL1ikoreshwa cyane cyane muri sisitemu zisanzwe zo gutwara abantu, mu gihePSL2ikwiriye indwara zikomeye cyane zifite imbaraga nyinshi za mekanike n'ibipimo bikomeye byo gupima.
Uburyo bwo gukora bushobora kuba nta nkomyi (SMLS), ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi risukwa (ERW), cyangwa umugozi wometseho umugozi (SAW) kugira ngo ihuze n'ibikenewe mu gushyiraho no gukora.
Botop Steelni umwuga mu gukora imiyoboro y'icyuma ya LSAW ifite inkuta nini kandi ifite uburebure bubiri iherereye mu Bushinwa.
Aho iherereye: Umujyi wa Cangzhou, Intara ya Hebei, mu Bushinwa;
Igiteranyo cy'ishoramari: miliyoni 500 z'amanyarwanda;
Ubuso bw'uruganda: metero kare 60.000;
Ubushobozi bwo gukora buri mwaka: toni 200.000 z'imiyoboro y'icyuma ya JCOE LSAW;
Ibikoresho: Ibikoresho bigezweho byo gukora no gupima;
Ubuhanga bwihariye: Gukora imiyoboro y'icyuma ya LSAW;
Icyemezo: Icyemezo cya API 5L.
Icyiciro cya API 5L cy'icyiciro cya B
Igabanyijemo ubwoko butandukanye bushingiye ku byiciro bitandukanye by’ibicuruzwa (PSL) ndetse n’imiterere y’ibicuruzwa.
Uku gushyira mu byiciro bituma guhitamo umuyoboro ukwiye w'amashanyarazi birushaho kuba ingenzi kugira ngo bihuze n'ibyo umushinga runaka ukeneye n'ibyo akarere gakoreramo gakeneye.
PSL1: B.
PSL2: BR;BN;BQ;BM.
Imiyoboro myinshi yihariye ya PSL 2 ikoreshwa mu bikorwa byihariye byo gutanga serivisi.
Ahantu hadakora serivisi: BNS; BQS; BMS.
Serivisi zikorerwa mu mahanga: BNO; BQO; BMO.
Gukoresha bisaba ubushobozi bwo gukurura pulasitiki mu gihe kirekire: BNP; BQP; BMP.
Ibisabwa mu gutanga
| PSL | Imiterere y'ibyo umuntu asabwa gutanga | Ingano y'imiyoboro/Ingano y'icyuma | |
| PSL1 | Uko byazingurutse, bizingurutse, bizingurutse, bikozwe mu buryo bwa thermomechanical ... kandi bikozwe mu buryo bwa termomechanical; cyangwa, nibabyumvikanyweho, byazimijwe kandi bigakonjeshwa ku muyoboro wa SMLS gusa | B | L245 |
| PSL 2 | Uko byazinguruwe | BR | L245R |
| Guhindura ibintu mu buryo busanzwe, guhindura ibintu mu buryo busanzwe, guhindurwa, cyangwa guhindurwa mu buryo busanzwe no guhindurwa | BN | L245N | |
| Yazimye kandi irashyuha | BQ | L245Q | |
| Ikozwe mu buryo bwa Thermomechanical rolled cyangwa thermomechanical | BM | L245M | |
Imiterere y'umuyoboro w'icyuma itangwa ahanini yerekeye uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kuvura bukorwa mu mpera z'igikorwa cyo gukora umuyoboro w'icyuma, kandi ubu buryo bwo kuvura bufite ingaruka zikomeye ku miterere ya mekanike, kurwanya ingese, no kudahungabana kw'imiterere y'umuyoboro w'icyuma.
Uburyo bwo gukora imiyoboro y'icyuma ya API 5L GR.B
Muri API, umuyoboro wa 5L usanzwe wa Grade B ushobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe imwe mu nzira zo kuwukora mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira.
| API 5L PSL1 Icyiciro B | SMLS | LFW | HFW | SAWL | SAWH | COWL | INKA |
| API 5L PSL2 Icyiciro B | SMLS | — | HFW | SAWL | SAWH | COWL | INKA |
Kugira ngo umenye byinshi ku bijyanye n'igisobanuro cy'incamake y'inzira yo gukora,kanda hano.
LSAWni igisubizo cyiza ku miyoboro minini kandi ifite inkuta nini y'icyuma.
Ikintu cyihariye mu isura ni ukuba hari ubushuhe mu cyerekezo cy’umuyoboro mu buryo burambuye.
Ubwoko bw'Impera y'Umuyoboro
Ubwoko bw'imiyoboro y'icyuma ya API 5L Grade B bushobora gutandukana muri PSL1 na PSL2.
Umuyoboro w'icyuma wa PSL 1 urangira
Impera y'inzogera; Impera isanzwe;Impera isanzwe yo guhuza byihariye; Impera ifite insinga.
Impera y'umugozi: Igarukira gusa ku miyoboro ifite D ≤ 219.1 mm (8.625 in) na t ≤ 3.6 mm (0.141 in) ku mpera y'isoko.
Impera y'imigozi: Umuyoboro w'imigozi ugarukira kuri SMLS n'umuyoboro wa longitudinal seam welded ufite D < 508 mm (20 inches).
Umuyoboro w'icyuma wa PSL 2 urangira
Impera isanzwe.
Ku mpera z'imiyoboro isanzwe, ibisabwa bikurikira bigomba gukurikizwa:
Impande z'umuyoboro usanzwe wa t ≤ 3.2 mm (0.125 in) zigomba gucibwamo kare.
Imiyoboro isanzwe ifite uburebure bwa mm > 3.2 (0.125 in) igomba kuba ifite uburebure bwa metero 30-35 kandi ubugari bw'inyuma y'umuzi w'umuyoboro bugomba kuba 0.8 - 2.4 mm (0.031 - 0.093 in).
Uburyo bwa API 5L Grade B mu gukora imiti
Imiterere y'imiti y'umuyoboro w'icyuma wa PSL1 na PSL2 t > 25.0 mm (0.984 in) igomba kugenwa n'amasezerano.
Imiterere ya chimique ya PSL 1 ifite t ≤ 25.0 mm (0.984 in.)
Imiterere ya chimique ya PSL 2 ifite t ≤ 25.0 mm (0.984 in.)
Ku bicuruzwa by'imiyoboro y'icyuma ya PSL2 byasesenguwe hakoreshejweingano ya karuboni ya ≤0.12%, CE ingana na karubonePCMishobora kubarwa hakoreshejwe formula ikurikira:
CEPCM= C + Si / 30 + Mn / 20 + Cu / 20 + Ni / 60 + Cr / 20 + Mo / 15 + V / 15 + 5B
Ku bicuruzwa by'imiyoboro y'icyuma ya PSL2 byasesenguwe hakoreshejweibipimo bya karuboni > 0.12%, CE ingana na karubonellwishobora kubarwa hakoreshejwe formula iri hepfo:
CEllw= C + Mn / 6 + (Cr + Mo + V) / 5 + (Ni + Cu) / 15
Imitungo ya Mekanike ya API 5L y'icyiciro cya B
Umutungo wo gukurura
Imiterere ya PSL1 GR.B yo gukurura
Imiterere ya PSL2 GR.B yo gukurura
Icyitonderwa: Uburebure buke bwavuzwe, Afbigomba kugenwa hakurikijwe ikigereranyo gikurikira:
Af= C × (Axc0.2/U0.9)
Cni 1940 ku mibare ikoresha ibipimo bya SI na 625.000 ku mibare ikoresha ibipimo bya USC;
Axc ni agace gakoreshwa mu gupima gafite igice cya toni, kagaragazwa muri milimetero kare (inchi kare), nk'uko bikurikira:
1) ku bice by'igerageza by'uruziga, 130 mm2(0.20 in.)2) ku bice by'igerageza bifite umurambararo wa mm 12.7 (in. 0.500) na mm 8.9 (in. 0.350); mm 652(0.10 in.)2) ku bice by'igerageza bifite umurambararo wa mm 6.4 (inchi 0.250);
2) ku bice by'igerageza byuzuye, munsi ya a) 485 mm2(0.75 in.)2) na b) agace k'igice cy'igerageza, T yakuwemo hakoreshejwe umurambararo w'inyuma wagenwe n'ubugari bw'urukuta rwagenwe rw'umuyoboro, izungurutswa kugeza kuri mm 10 hafi2(0.01 in.2);
3) ku bice by'igerageza, munsi ya a) 485 mm2(0.75 in.)2) na b) agace k'igice cy'igerageza, gakozwe hakoreshejwe ubugari bwagenwe bw'igice cy'igerageza n'ubugari bw'urukuta rwagenwe rw'umuyoboro, gazengurutswe kugeza kuri mm 10 hafi2(0.01 in.2);
Uni imbaraga ntoya zo gukurura, zigaragazwa muri megapascals (ibiro kuri santimetero kare).
Ikizamini cyo Kunama
Nta gice cy'icyitegererezo kigomba kwangirika kandi umushongi ntugomba kwangirika.
Ikizamini cyo Kugorora
Ntibikoreshwa ku muyoboro w'icyuma wa LSAW.
BikwiriyeEW, LW, naCWubwoko bw'inganda z'imiyoboro.
Ikizamini cyo kugorora giyobowe
Garagaza imiturire cyangwa uduce twose tw’icyuma gisudira uburebure burenze mm 3.2 (inchi 0.125), uko ubujyakuzimu bwaba buri kose.
Garagaza imiturire cyangwa uduce twose tw’icyuma, HAZ, cyangwa umurongo wa fusion ureshya na mm 3.2 (0.125 in) cyangwa urengeje 12.5% by’ubugari bw’urukuta rwagenwe.
Ikizamini cy'ingaruka za CVN kuri PSL 2 Pipe
Ikizamini cy’ingaruka cya CVN (Charpy V-Notch), uburyo busanzwe bwo gusuzuma ubukomere bw’ibikoresho iyo bihuye n’umutwaro wihuse.
Ibisabwa bikurikira birareba amanota ≤ X60 cyangwa L415.
| Ibisabwa ku ngufu ziterwa na CVN ku muyoboro w'imiyoboro ya PSL 2 | |
| Ingano y'inyuma yagenwe D mm (muri.) | Ingufu zuzuye za CVN Absorbed Energy umunota Kv J (ft.lbf) |
| ≤762 (30) | 27 (20) |
| Kuva kuri 762 (30) kugeza kuri 2134 (84) | 40 (30) |
Ikizamini cya DWT ku muyoboro wa PSL 2 Welded
Igipimo mpuzandengo cy'ubushyuhe bw'ikizamini kuri buri kizamini kigomba kuba ≥ 85% ku bushyuhe bwa 0 °C (32 °F).
Ku miyoboro ifite ubugari bw'urukuta > mm 25.4 (in. 1), ibisabwa mu kwemererwa ikizamini cya DWT bigomba kuganirwaho.
Ikizamini cy'amazi
Igihe cy'ikizamini
Ingano zose z'imiyoboro y'icyuma idakora kandi ivanze ifite D ≤ 457 mm (18 in.):igihe cy'ikizamini ≥ 5segonda;
Umuyoboro w'icyuma ushongeshejwe D > 457 mm (18 in.):igihe cy'ikizamini ≥ 10s.
Inshuro zo gupima
Buri muyoboro w'icyuma.
Ibitutu by'ibizamini
Igitutu cy'ikizamini cya hydrostatic P cya aumuyoboro w'icyuma usanzwebishobora kubarwa hakoreshejwe formula.
P = 2St/D
Sni umuvuduko wa hoop. agaciro kangana n'imbaraga ntoya zagaragajwe z'umusaruro w'umuyoboro w'icyuma wa xa, muri MPa (psi);
Kuri API 5L Icyiciro B, ijanisha ni 60% ku gipimo gisanzwe cy'umuvuduko na 70% ku gipimo cy'umuvuduko ntarengwa.
Kuri D <88.9 mm (3.500 in.), si ngombwa ko igitutu cy'ikizamini kirenga 17.0 MPa (2470 psi);
Kuri D > 88.9 mm (3.500 in.), si ngombwa ko umuvuduko w'ikizamini urenga 19.0 MPa (2760 psi).
tni ubugari bw'urukuta bwagaragajwe, bugaragazwa muri milimetero (inchi);
Dni umurambararo w'inyuma wavuzwe, ugaragazwa muri milimetero (inchi).
Igenzura ritangiza ibidukikije
Ku miyoboro ya SAW, uburyo bubiri,UT(isuzuma rya ultrasonic) cyangwaRT(ibizamini bya radiyografiya), ubusanzwe bikoreshwa.
ET(isuzuma rya elegitoroniki) ntirikoreshwa ku miyoboro ya SAW.
Imigozi ishongeshejwe ku miyoboro ishongeshejwe ifite ubunini bwa ≥ L210/A n'umurambararo wa ≥ mm 60.3 (inchi 2.375) igomba gusuzumwa mu buryo butangiza ubunini n'uburebure (100%) nk'uko byavuzwe.
Isuzuma rya UT ritangiza ibidukikije
Isuzuma rya RT ritangiza imiterere
Garagaza umurambararo wo hanze n'ubunini bw'urukuta
Ingano zisanzwe z'umurambararo w'inyuma n'ubugari bw'inkuta z'umuyoboro w'icyuma zitangwa muriISO 4200naASME B36.10M.
Ubwihangane mu Bipimo
Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira diameter no kutagira uruziga
Umurambararo w'umuyoboro w'icyuma usobanurwa nk'umuzenguruko w'umuyoboro mu murongo uwo ari wo wose ugabanyijemo π.
Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubunini bw'urukuta
Ubwihangane ku burebure
Uburebure bugereranyijwebigomba gutangwa mu buryo bwo kwihanganira ± 500 mm (inchi 20).
Kwihanganirana kuriuburebure butunguranye
| Imiterere y'uburebure butunguranye m (ft) | Uburebure buke m (ft) | Uburebure ntarengwa bw'impuzandengo kuri buri kintu gitegetswe m (ft) | Uburebure ntarengwa m (ft) |
| Umuyoboro ufite insinga n'udufatanye | |||
| 6 (20) | 4.88 (16.0) | 5.33 (17.5) | 6.86 (22.5) |
| 9 (30) | 4.11 (13.5) | 8.00 (26.2) | 10.29 (33.8) |
| 12 (40) | 6.71 (22.0) | 10.67 (35.0) | 13.72 (45.0) |
| Umuyoboro usanzwe | |||
| 6 (20) | 2.74 (9.0) | 5.33 (17.5) | 6.86 (22.5) |
| 9 (30) | 4.11 (13.5) | 8.00 (26.2) | 10.29 (33.8) |
| 12 (40) | 4.27 (14.0) | 10.67 (35.0) | 13.72 (45.0) |
| 15 (50) | 5.33 (17.5) | 13.35 (43.8) | 16.76 (55.0) |
| 18 (60) | 6.40 (21.0) | 16.00 (52.5) | 19.81 (65.0) |
| 24 (80) | 8.53 (28.0) | 21.34 (70.0) | 25.91 (85.0) |
Kwihanganira kugororoka
Guhinduka kw'ubugororotsi hejuru y'uburyouburebure bwose bw'umuyoboro: ≤ 0.200 L;
Guhinduka kw'ubugororotsi bwaImpera y'umuyoboro w'icyuma ifite uburebure bwa metero 1.5 (5.0 ft).: ≤ 3.2mm (0.125 in.).
Kwihanganira kugororoka
Ubugari bw'inyuma busobanurwa nk'ubugari bugana ku mpera y'umuyoboro.
Uburebure butari munsi ya mm 1.6 (0.063 in.). Uburebure butari hagati ya kare bupimirwa nk'icyuho kiri hagati y'inkombe y'umuyoboro n'ukuguru kw'inkombe y'umuyoboro.
Ubwihangane ku mugozi wo gusudira
Ikoreshwa ry'imirasire ryemewe ntarengwakuri SAW na COW Pipe.
| Ubunini bw'urukuta bwagenwe t mm (muri.) | Ikoreshwa ry'imirasire ryemewe ntarengwaamm (muri.) |
| ≤ 15.0 (0.590) | 1.5 (0.060) |
| > 15.0 (0.590) kugeza 25.0 (0.984) | 0.1t |
| > 25.0 (0.984) | 2.5 (0.098) |
| aIzi mbibi zikoreshwa no ku byuma bisudira icyuma gifunga icyuma/icyuma gifunga icyuma | |
Uburebure ntarengwa bwemewe bw'urusaro rwo gusudiraku muyoboro wa SAW na COW (Uretse ku mpera z'umuyoboro).
| Ubunini bw'urukuta bwagenwe mm (muri.) | Uburebure bw'urusaro rwo gusudira mm (muri.) itegeko ntarengwa | |
| Isaro ry'imbere | Isaro ryo hanze | |
| ≤13.0 (0.512) | 3.5 (0.138) | 3.5 (0.138) |
| >13.0 (0.512) | 3.5 (0.138) | 4.5 (0.177) |
Ubushuhe bugomba kugira inzira yoroshye yo kunyura hejuru y'umuyoboro w'icyuma wegeranye.
Udupira two gusudira imiyoboro tugomba gusya kugeza ku burebure bwa mm 100 (inchi 4.0) hamwe n'uburebure bwa dupira two gusudira busigaye bwa mm 0.5 (inchi 0.020).
Kwihanganira Misa
Buri muyoboro w'icyuma:
a) ku muyoboro wihariye woroheje: -5.0% - +10.0%;
b) ku muyoboro uri mu rwego rwa L175, L175P, A25, na A25P: -5.0% - +10.0%;
c) ku yindi miyoboro yose: -3.5% - +10.0%.
Umuyoboro kuri buri gice(≥ toni 18 (toni 20) ku giciro cyo gutumiza):
a) ku manota L175, L175P, A25, na A25P: -3.5%;
b) ku yandi manota yose: -1.75%.
Porogaramu za API 5L GR.B
Umuyoboro w'icyuma wa API 5L Grade B ni ubwoko bw'umuyoboro w'amazi, ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutwara ibinyabutabire nka peteroli, gaze karemano n'amazi, kandi ni kimwe mu bikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa mu nganda za peteroli na gaze.
Sisitemu zo kohereza peteroli na gaze: Umuyoboro w'icyuma wa API 5L Grade B ukunze gukoreshwa mu nganda zicukura kandi zitunganya peteroli na gaze kugira ngo ujyane peteroli na gaze karemano mu nganda zikora cyangwa mu nganda zitunganya peteroli.
Imiyoboro y'amazi: Ubundi buryo bwo gutunganya hejuru, nko gusiga cyangwa gupfuka, bushobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo bwongere ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese kugira ngo bukoreshwe mu gutwara amazi, harimo n'uburyo bwo kuhira no gutanga amazi.
Inganda zitunganya ibintu: Mu nganda zitunganya amavuta, umuyoboro w'icyuma wa API 5L Grade B ukoreshwa mu gutwara imiti itandukanye n'ibindi binyabutabire bikomoka ku gusya amavuta make.
Ubwubatsi n'ibikorwaremezo: Mu nganda z'ubwubatsi, kubaka ibiraro, inyubako zishyigikira, cyangwa indi mishinga y'ingenzi y'ibikorwa remezo, cyane cyane aho gutwara amazi mu ntera ndende bikenewe.
API 5L Icyiciro B Ingana
ASTM A106 Icyiciro B: Imiyoboro y'icyuma cya karuboni idafite umushongi ikunze gukoreshwa mu gutanga serivisi ku bushyuhe bwinshi, ifite imiterere ya shimi n'imiterere ya mekanike isa cyane na API 5L Grade B. ASTM A106 Grade B ikunze gukoreshwa mu gutwara umwuka w'amazi, imiti n'ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu bushyuhe bwinshi.
ASTM A53 Icyiciro B: Ubu ni ubundi bwoko bw'imiyoboro y'icyuma cya karuboni, ishobora gusudira cyangwa guterwa umugozi, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu ikoranabuhanga, mu bwubatsi, no mu bundi buryo bw'ubuhanga. Nubwo ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukoresha umuvuduko muto n'ubushyuhe, bimwe mu bipimo byayo by'imiterere y'ikoranabuhanga bisa na API 5L Grade B.
EN 10208-2 L245NB: Ikoreshwa mu gukora imiyoboro yo gutwara imyuka itwika n'ibindi bintu by'amazi. L245NB (1.0457) ni icyuma cy'imiyoboro gifite imbaraga ziciriritse gifite imiterere isa na API 5L Grade B.
ISO 3183 L245: Ikoreshwa mu buryo bwo gutwara imiyoboro mu nganda za peteroli na gaze. L245 muri ISO 3183 yegereye cyane API 5L Grade B kandi ikunze gukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye.
Serivisi z'inyongera dushobora gutanga
Botop SteelNtabwo itanga gusa umuyoboro w'icyuma wa API 5L Grade B wo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ahubwo inaguha serivisi zitandukanye zigufasha, harimo uburyo butandukanye bwo gusiga irangi rirwanya ingese, ibisubizo byihariye byo gupakira, hamwe n'ubufasha busesuye bwo gutwara ibintu kugira ngo tubashe guhaza ibyo mukeneye bitandukanye.
Twiyemeje gushyiraho urubuga rumwe rutanga amasoko rugufasha kubona ibicuruzwa na serivisi zose ukeneye byoroshye. Dukoresheje serivisi zacu z’umwuga kandi zizewe, ushobora kurangiza buri ntambwe y’umushinga wawe neza kandi nta ngorane, ukagira ireme n’iterambere. Intego yacu ni ukuba umufatanyabikorwa wawe wiringirwa cyane.
Ipantaro irwanya ingese
Botop Steelitanga uburyo butandukanye bwo gutwikira ibyuma birinda ingese, harimoirangi, irangi rya galvanize,3LPE (HDPE), 3LPP,FBE, n'ibikoresho birwanya sima, kugira ngo habeho ibisabwa bitandukanye byo gukoresha umushinga wawe.
gupfunyika
Dutanga uburyo butandukanye bwo gupakira, harimo amapaki, amatafari, amasanduku, n'imigozi y'imiyoboro, bishobora guhindurwa kugira ngo bihuze n'ibyo ukeneye byihariye.
Inkunga ya tekiniki
Isosiyete yacu yiyemeje gutanga serivisi zuzuye z’ubufasha mu bya tekiniki zikubiyemo ibyiciro byose by’umushinga. Kuva ku gutegura isoko mbere y’umushinga kugeza ku kugura no gutwara umushinga hagati, kugeza ku gusana no gukemura ibibazo nyuma y’umushinga, itsinda ryacu ry’abahanga rishobora kuguha inama n’ubufasha by’inzobere.
Intego yacu ni ukugufasha kugura ibicuruzwa byiza kandi bihendutse mu Bushinwa, kugira ngo umushinga wawe ukore neza kandi mu buryo buhendutse. Twiteguye gukorana nawe kugira ngo dushyireho ejo hazaza heza kandi heza.
