Chitsulo chachitsulo ndi mtundu wachitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga machitidwe oyendetsa mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi.Monga chida choyendera mtunda wautali wamafuta ndi gasi, dongosolo la mapaipi lili ndi ubwino wachuma, chitetezo komanso osasokonezeka.
Kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chapaipi
Chitsulo cha bombamafomu opangira mankhwala akuphatikizapo mapaipi achitsulo osasunthika ndi mapaipi achitsulo otsekemera, omwe amatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: mapiri a alpine, madera a sulfure ndi malo omwe ali ndi nyanja.
Mavuto ambiri omwe amakumana nawo ndi zitsulo zamapaipi akuphatikizapo: madera ambiri a mafuta ndi gasi ali m'madera a polar, madzi oundana, zipululu, ndi nyanja, ndipo zachilengedwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri; kapena pofuna kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, kukula kwa payipi kumakulitsidwa nthawi zonse, ndipo mphamvu yobweretsera ikuwonjezeka nthawi zonse.
Mtengo wa Pipeline Steel Properties
Kuchokera pakuwunika kwachitukuko cha mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi, kuyika mapaipi, njira zazikulu zolephereka komanso zolephera, zitsulo zamapayipi ziyenera kukhala ndi zida zabwino zamakina (khoma wandiweyani, kulimba kwambiri, kulimba kwambiri, kukana kuvala), komanso kukhala ndi mainchesi akulu, kukhazikika, kuzizira komanso kutentha pang'ono, kukana kwa dzimbiri (CO2), kukana kukana kwamadzi (SSCC ndi HIC, etc.)
①Kulimba mtima
Chitsulo cha chitoliro sichimangofunika kulimba kwambiri komanso mphamvu zokolola, komanso zimafuna kuti chiŵerengero cha zokolola chikhale mumtundu wa 0,85 ~ 0,93.
② Kukhazikika kwakukulu
kulimba kwamphamvu kumatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zopewera kusweka.
③Kutentha kotsika kwa ductile-brittle transition
Madera ovuta komanso nyengo zimafunikira chitsulo chapaipi kuti chikhale ndi kutentha kocheperako kocheperako. Dera lometa ubweya la DWTT (Drop Weight Tear Test) lakhala cholozera chachikulu choletsa kulephera kwa mapaipi.
④Kukana kwabwino kwa hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) ndi sulfide stress corrosion cracking (SSCC)
⑤ Kuchita bwino kwa kuwotcherera
Weldability wabwino wa zitsulo n'kofunika kwambiri kuonetsetsa umphumphu ndi kuwotcherera khalidwe payipi.
Pipeline Steel Standards
Pakali pano, mfundo zazikulu zaumisiri zamapaipi achitsulo otumizira mafuta ndi gasi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mdziko langa akuphatikizapoAPI 5L, DNV-OS-F101, ISO 3183, ndi GB/T 9711, ndi zina zotero.
① API 5L (mafotokozedwe a mapaipi a mzere) ndi njira yovomerezeka yopangidwa ndi Maine Petroleum Institute.
② DNV-OS-F101 (mapaipi apamadzi apamadzi) ndizomwe zidapangidwa mwapadera ndi Det Norske Veritas pamapaipi apamadzi apamadzi.
③ ISO 3183 ndi muyezo wopangidwa ndi International Organisation for Standardization pamikhalidwe yobweretsera mapaipi achitsulo potumiza mafuta ndi gasi. Muyezo uwu sukhudza kupanga mapaipi ndi kukhazikitsa.
④ Mtundu waposachedwa wa GB/T 9711 ndi mtundu wa 2017. Mtunduwu udachokera ku ISO 3183:2012 ndi API Spec 5L 45th Edition.Mogwirizana ndi miyezo iwiri yotchulidwa, milingo iwiri yofotokozera zazinthu imatchulidwa: PSL1 ndi PSL2.PSL1 imapereka mulingo wokhazikika wa chitoliro; PSL2 imawonjezera zofunikira zomwe zimaphatikizira kuphatikiza mankhwala, kulimba kwa notch, mphamvu zamagetsi ndi kuyesa kowonjezera kosawononga (NDT).
API SPEC 5L ndi ISO 3183 ndizodziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Mosiyana ndi izi, makampani ambiri amafuta padziko lapansi azolowera kutengeraMafotokozedwe a API SPEC 5L monga mfundo zoyambira pakugula chitoliro chachitsulo.
Kulamula zambiri
Kuyitanitsa mgwirizano wa pipeline zitsulo ziyenera kuphatikizapo mfundo izi:
① Kuchuluka (chinthu chonse kapena kuchuluka kwa mapaipi achitsulo);
② Normative mlingo (PSL1 kapena PSL2);
③Chitoliro chachitsulomtundu (wopanda msoko kapenawelded chitoliro, ndondomeko kuwotcherera enieni, chitoliro mapeto mtundu);
④Kutengera miyezo, monga GB/T 9711-2017;
⑤ kalasi yachitsulo;
⑥M'mimba mwake ndi makulidwe a khoma;
⑦ Kutalika ndi mtundu wautali (osadulidwa kapena odulidwa);
⑧ Dziwani kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera.
Zitsulo chitoliro makalasi ndi zitsulo makalasi (GB/T 9711-2017)
| Normative levelsteel | chitsulo chitoliro kalasi | kalasi yachitsulo |
| PSL1 | L175 | A25 |
| L175P | A25P | |
| L210 | A | |
| L245 | B | |
| L290 | X42 | |
| L320 | x46 | |
| L360 | X52 | |
| L390 | x56 | |
| L415 | X60 | |
| L450 | x65 | |
| L485 | X70 | |
| PSL2 | L245R | BR |
| L290R | X42R | |
| L245N | BN | |
| L290N | X42N | |
| L320N | X46N | |
| L360N | X52N | |
| L390N | X56N | |
| L415N | X60N | |
| L245Q | Mtengo BQ | |
| L290Q | X42Q | |
| L320Q | X46Q | |
| L360Q | X52Q | |
| L390Q | X56Q | |
| L415Q | X60Q | |
| L450Q | X65Q | |
| L485Q | X70Q | |
| L555Q | X80Q | |
| L625Q | X90Q | |
| L690Q | X100M | |
| L245M | BM | |
| L290M | X42M | |
| L320M | X46M | |
| L360M | X52M | |
| L390M | X56M | |
| L415M | X60M | |
| L450M | X65M | |
| L485M | X70M | |
| L555M | X80M | |
| L625M | X90M | |
| L690M | X100M | |
| L830M | X120M |
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-30-2023