Q345 ndi chitsulo. Ndi chitsulo chopanda aloyi wambiri (C<0.2%), chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga, milatho, magalimoto, zombo, zombo zopondereza, ndi zina zotero. Q ikuyimira mphamvu ya chinthu ichi, ndipo 345 yotsatirayi ikunena za mtengo wa chinthu ichi, womwe ndi pafupifupi 345 MPa. Ndipo mtengo wa phindu udzachepa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa makulidwe a chinthucho.
Q345 ili ndi makhalidwe abwino a makina, kutentha kotsika kovomerezeka, pulasitiki wabwino komanso kusinthasintha, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyumba, zida zamakina, nyumba, zida zachitsulo, zotenthedwa kapena zokhazikika, zingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'nyumba zosiyanasiyana m'malo ozizira pansi pa -40°C.
Kugawa
Q345 ikhoza kugawidwa mu Q345A,Q345B, Q345C, Q345D, Q345E malinga ndi giredi. Chomwe akuyimira makamaka ndi kutentha kwa kugwedezeka.
Mulingo wa Q345A, palibe kukhudzidwa;
Mulingo wa Q345B, kutentha kwa madigiri 20 kwabwinobwino;
Mlingo wa Q345C, ndi 0 digiri impact;
Mulingo wa Q345D, ndi -20 digiri impact;
Mulingo wa Q345E, ndi -40 digiri ya impact.
Pa kutentha kosiyanasiyana kwa shock, kuchuluka kwa shock kumasiyananso.
kapangidwe ka mankhwala
Q345A：C≤0.20,Mn ≤1.7，Si≤0.55，P≤0.045，S≤0.045，V 0.02~0.15；
Q345B：C≤0.20， Mn ≤1.7，Si≤0.55，P≤0.040，S≤0.040，V 0.02~0.15；
Q345C：C≤0.20，Mn ≤1.7，Si≤0.55，P≤0.035，S≤0.035，V 0.02~0.15，Al≥0.015；
Q345D：C≤0.20，Mn ≤1.7，Si≤0.55，P≤0.030，S≤0.030，V 0.02~0.15，Al≥0.015；
Q345E：C≤0.20，Mn ≤1.7，Si≤0.55，P≤0.025，S≤0.025，V 0.02~0.15，Al≥0.015；
motsutsana ndi 16Mn
Chitsulo cha Q345 ndi cholowa m'malo mwa mitundu yakale ya 12MnV, 14MnNb, 18Nb, 16MnRE, 16Mn ndi mitundu ina ya chitsulo, osati cholowa m'malo mwa chitsulo cha 16Mn chokha. Ponena za kapangidwe ka mankhwala, 16Mn ndi Q345 ndizosiyana. Chofunika kwambiri, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakukula kwa gulu la makulidwe a zitsulo ziwirizi malinga ndi kusiyana kwa mphamvu ya zokolola, ndipo izi mosakayikira zidzasintha kupsinjika kololedwa kwa zipangizo zokhala ndi makulidwe ena. Chifukwa chake, sikoyenera kungogwiritsa ntchito kupsinjika kololedwa kwa chitsulo cha 16Mn ku chitsulo cha Q345, koma kupsinjika kololedwa kuyenera kutsimikiziridwanso malinga ndi kukula kwa gulu latsopano la makulidwe achitsulo.
Gawo la zinthu zazikulu zomwe zili mu chitsulo cha Q345 ndi lofanana ndi la chitsulo cha 16Mn, kusiyana kwake ndikuti zinthu zochepa za V, Ti ndi Nb zimawonjezedwa. Zinthu zochepa za V, Ti, ndi Nb zitha kuyeretsa tirigu, kusintha kwambiri kulimba kwa chitsulo, ndikuwonjezera kwambiri mphamvu zonse za makina achitsulo. Chifukwa cha izi, makulidwe a mbale yachitsulo amatha kukulitsidwa. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu zonse za makina achitsulo cha Q345 ziyenera kukhala zabwino kuposa chitsulo cha 16Mn, makamaka momwe kutentha kwake kulili kochepa sikupezeka mu chitsulo cha 16Mn. Kupsinjika kovomerezeka kwa chitsulo cha Q345 ndi kokwera pang'ono kuposa kwa chitsulo cha 16Mn.
kuyerekeza magwiridwe antchito
Q345Dchitoliro chopanda msokokatundu wa makina:
Mphamvu yokoka: 490-675 Mphamvu yotulutsa: ≥345 Kutalika: ≥22
Q345Bchitoliro chopanda msokokatundu wa makina:
Mphamvu yokoka: 490-675 Mphamvu yotulutsa: ≥345 Kutalika: ≥21
Q345A: Kapangidwe ka makina a chitoliro chopanda msoko:
Mphamvu yokoka: 490-675 Mphamvu yotulutsa: ≥345 Kutalika: ≥21
Q345C katundu wa makina a chitoliro chopanda msoko:
Mphamvu yokoka: 490-675 Mphamvu yotulutsa: ≥345 Kutalika: ≥22
Q345E: Kapangidwe ka makina a chitoliro chopanda msoko:
Mphamvu yokoka: 490-675 Mphamvu yotulutsa: ≥345 Kutalika: ≥22
Mndandanda wa Zamalonda
Chitsulo cha Q345D poyerekeza ndi chitsulo cha Q345A, B, C. Kutentha koyesa kwa mphamvu yotsika kutentha ndi kochepa. Kuchita bwino. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zovulaza P ndi S ndikotsika kuposa kwa Q345A, B ndi C. Mtengo wamsika ndi wapamwamba kuposa Q345A, B, C.
Tanthauzo la Q345D:
① Yopangidwa ndi Q + nambala + chizindikiro cha kalasi ya khalidwe + chizindikiro cha njira yochotsera okosijeni. Nambala yake yachitsulo imatsogoleredwa ndi "Q", yomwe imayimira mfundo yopezera chitsulo, ndipo nambala yomwe ili kumbuyo kwake imayimira mtengo wa mfundo yopezera mu MPa. Mwachitsanzo, Q235 imayimira chitsulo chopangidwa ndi kaboni chokhala ndi mfundo yopezera (σs) ya 235 MPa.
②Ngati pakufunika, chizindikiro chosonyeza mtundu wa kalasi ndi njira yochotsera poizoni chikhoza kulembedwa kumbuyo kwa nambala ya chitsulo. Zizindikiro za mtundu wa kalasi ndi A, B, C, D motsatana. Chizindikiro cha njira yochotsera poizoni: F amatanthauza chitsulo chowira; b amatanthauza chitsulo chophedwa pang'ono; Z amatanthauza chitsulo chophedwa; TZ amatanthauza chitsulo chapadera chophedwa, ndipo chitsulo chophedwa sichingalembedwe ndi zizindikiro, ndiko kuti, zonse Z ndi TZ zitha kuchotsedwa. Mwachitsanzo, Q235-AF amatanthauza chitsulo chowira cha Giredi A.
③ Chitsulo cha kaboni chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zapadera, monga chitsulo cha mlatho, chitsulo cha m'madzi, ndi zina zotero, chimagwiritsa ntchito njira yofotokozera chitsulo cha kaboni, koma chilembo chosonyeza cholingacho chimawonjezedwa kumapeto kwa nambala ya chitsulocho.
Chiyambi cha nkhani
| chinthu | C≤ | Mn | Si≤ | P≤ | S≤ | Al≥ | V | Nb | Ti |
| zomwe zili | 0.2 | 1.0-1.6 | 0.55 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.015 | 0.02-0.15 | 0.015-0.06 | 0.02-0.2 |
Kapangidwe ka makina a Q345C ndi motere (%):
| Chizindikiro cha katundu wa makina | Kutalika (%) | Kutentha kwa mayeso 0℃ | Mphamvu yokoka ya MPa | Malo operekera MPa≥ |
| mtengo | δ5≥22 | J≥34 | σb(470-650) | s (324-259) |
Ngati makulidwe a khoma ali pakati pa 16-35mm, σs≥325Mpa; ngati makulidwe a khoma ali pakati pa 35-50mm, σs≥295Mpa
2. Makhalidwe a kutchinjiriza a chitsulo cha Q345
2.1 Kuwerengera kwa kaboni wofanana (Ceq)
Ceq=C+Mn/6+Ni/15+Cu/15+Cr/5+Mo/5+V/5
Werengerani Ceq=0.49%, yoposa 0.45%, zitha kuwoneka kuti magwiridwe antchito a zitsulo za Q345 siabwino kwenikweni, ndipo njira zaukadaulo zolimba ziyenera kupangidwa panthawi yolumikiza.
2.2 Mavuto omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri mu chitsulo cha Q345 panthawi yowotcherera
2.2.1 Kuuma kwa malo omwe kutentha kumakhudza
Pa nthawi yowotcherera ndi kuziziritsa chitsulo cha Q345, martensite yozimitsidwa imapangidwa mosavuta m'dera lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, zomwe zimawonjezera kuuma ndikuchepetsa kupendekera kwa malo omwe ali pafupi ndi msoko. Zotsatira zake zimakhala ming'alu pambuyo powotcherera.
2.2.2 Kuzindikira kuzizira kwa ming'alu
Ming'alu yolumikizira zitsulo za Q345 makamaka ndi ming'alu yozizira.
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-20-2023