Zinthu zazikulu zoyesera khalidwe ndi njira zoyeseramapaipi opanda msoko:
1. Yang'anani kukula ndi mawonekedwe a chitoliro chachitsulo
(1) Kuwunika makulidwe a khoma la chitoliro chachitsulo: micrometer, geji ya makulidwe a ultrasonic, osachepera mfundo 8 kumapeto onse awiri ndi kujambula.
(2) Kuwunika kwa payipi yachitsulo ndi kuwonekera kwa dzira: ma geji a calliper, ma caliper a vernier, ndi ma geji a ring kuti muyeze mfundo zazikulu ndi zazing'ono.
(3) Kuyang'anira kutalika kwa chitoliro chachitsulo: tepi yachitsulo, yamanja, kuyeza kutalika kwake.
(4) Kuyang'ana mlingo wopindika wa chitoliro chachitsulo: rula, rula wopingasa (1m), geji ya feeler, ndi mzere woonda kuti muyesere digiri yopindika pa mita ndi digiri yopindika yonse kutalika.
(5) Kuyang'ana ngodya ya bevel ndi m'mphepete mopanda mawonekedwe a mbali yomaliza ya chitoliro chachitsulo: chitoliro cha sikweya, mbale yolumikizira.
2. Kuyang'anira khalidwe la pamwamba pamapaipi opanda msoko
(1) Kuyang'ana ndi maso: pansi pa kuwala kwabwino, malinga ndi miyezo, ndi zizindikiro zosonyeza chizindikiro, tembenuzani chitoliro chachitsulo kuti muwone mosamala. Malo amkati ndi akunja a mapaipi achitsulo osapindika saloledwa kukhala ndi ming'alu, mapindidwe, zipsera, kugubuduzika ndi kusweka.
(2) Kuyesa kosawononga kuwunika:
a. Kuzindikira zolakwika za Ultrasonic UT: Imakhala yodziwika bwino ndi zolakwika za pamwamba ndi mkati mwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi zinthu zofanana.
b. Kuyesa kwa Eddy current ET (electromagnetic induction) kumayang'ana kwambiri zolakwika zomwe zimakhala ngati dzenje.
c. Kuyesa kwa Magnetic Particle MT ndi Flux Leakage: Kuyesa kwa maginito ndikoyenera kuzindikira zolakwika pamwamba ndi pafupi ndi pamwamba pa zinthu za ferromagnetic.
d. Kuzindikira zolakwika pogwiritsa ntchito ma electromagnetic ultrasonic: Palibe cholumikizira chomwe chikufunika, ndipo chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pozindikira zolakwika pamwamba pa chitoliro chachitsulo chotentha kwambiri, chothamanga kwambiri, komanso chopanda mphamvu.
e. Kuzindikira zolakwika zomwe zimalowa: kuwala, utoto, kuzindikira zolakwika pamwamba pa chitoliro chachitsulo.
3. Kusanthula kapangidwe ka mankhwala:kusanthula kwa mankhwala, kusanthula kwa zida (chipangizo cha CS cha infrared, spectrometer yowerengera mwachindunji, chida cha NO, ndi zina zotero).
(1) Chida cha CS cha infrared: Kusanthula ma ferroalloy, zipangizo zopangira zitsulo, ndi zinthu za C ndi S mu chitsulo.
(2) Spektromita yowerengera mwachindunji: C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr, Mo, Ni, Cn, Al, W, V, Ti, B, Nb, As, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi mu zitsanzo zambiri.
(3) Chida cha N-0: kusanthula kuchuluka kwa mpweya N, O.
4. Kuwunika magwiridwe antchito a kasamalidwe ka zitsulo
(1) Kuyesa kwa mphamvu: yesani kupsinjika ndi kusintha kwa zinthu, kudziwa mphamvu (YS, TS) ndi pulasitiki (A, Z) ya zinthuzo. Gawo la chitoliro cha chitsanzo cha longitudinal ndi transverse, mawonekedwe a arc, chitsanzo chozungulira (￠10, ￠12.5) chaching'ono, khoma lopyapyala, m'mimba mwake waukulu, mtunda wokhuthala wa khoma. Dziwani: Kutalika kwa chitsanzo pambuyo posweka kukugwirizana ndi kukula kwa chitsanzo cha GB/T 1760.
(2) Kuyesa kwa zotsatira: CVN, notch mtundu wa C, mtundu wa V, ntchito J mtengo J/cm2 chitsanzo chokhazikika 10×10×55 (mm) chitsanzo chosakhala chokhazikika 5×10×55 (mm).
(3) Mayeso a kuuma: Brinell hardness HB, Rockwell hardness HRC, Vickers hardness HV, ndi zina zotero.
(4) Mayeso a Hydraulic: kuthamanga kwa mayeso, nthawi yokhazikika kwa kuthamanga, p=2Sδ/D.
5. Chitoliro chachitsulo chosasokonekerakuwunika momwe ntchito ikuyendera
(1) Mayeso osalala: chitsanzo chozungulira chitsanzo chooneka ngati C (S/D>0.15) H=(1+2)S/(∝+S/D) L=40～100mm, kusinthasintha kwa chogwirira pa unit length=0.07～0.08
(2) Kuyesa kukoka mphete: L=15mm, palibe ming'alu yomwe ikuyenerera
(3) Kuyesa kuphulika ndi kupindika: kutentha kwapakati ndi 30°, 40°, 60°
(4) Mayeso opindika: Angalowe m'malo mwa mayeso ophwanyika (a mapaipi akuluakulu)
6. Kusanthula kwa metallographic kwachitoliro chopanda msoko
Mayeso okulitsa kwambiri (kusanthula kwa microscopic), mayeso okulitsa pang'ono (kusanthula kwakukulu) mayeso ozungulira tsitsi looneka ngati nsanja kuti ayese kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe sitili achitsulo, kuwonetsa minofu yocheperako komanso zolakwika (monga kumasuka, kulekanitsa, thovu losanjikiza pansi pa khungu, ndi zina zotero), ndikuyang'ana kuchuluka, kutalika ndi kufalikira kwa mizere ya tsitsi.
Kapangidwe kocheperako (macro): Madontho oyera owoneka bwino, zinthu zobisika, thovu losanjikizana, kutembenuka kwa khungu ndi kugawanitsa khungu siziloledwa pazidutswa zoyesera zotsika kwambiri za mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko.
Kulinganiza kwamphamvu kwambiri (microscopic): Yesani ndi maikulosikopu yamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri. Kuyesa mzere wa tsitsi lalitali: yesani kuchuluka, kutalika ndi kufalikira kwa mizere ya tsitsi.
Chipaipi chilichonse chachitsulo chopanda msoko chomwe chikulowa mufakitale chiyenera kukhala ndi satifiketi yaubwino yotsimikizira kukhulupirika kwa zomwe zili mu chipaipi chachitsulo chopanda msoko.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-18-2023