JIS G 3455ndi muyezo wa mafakitale waku Japan (JIS) wothandiza pa kutentha kwa 350 °C kapena kutsika, makamaka pazida zamakanika.
Chitoliro chachitsulo cha STS370ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chokhala ndi mphamvu yocheperako ya 370 MPa ndi mphamvu yocheperako ya 215 MPa, chokhala ndi kaboni wosapitirira 0.25% ndi silicon pakati pa 0.10% ndi 0.35%, ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa ntchito zomwe zimafuna mphamvu yayikulu komanso kusinthasintha kwabwino, monga nyumba zomangira, milatho, zombo zopanikizika, ndi zida zoyendera.
JIS G 3455 ili ndi magiredi atatu.STS370, STS410, STA480.
Chipinda chakunja cha 10.5-660.4mm (6-650A) (1/8-26B).
Machubu ayenera kupangidwa kuchokera kuchitsulo chophedwa.
Chitsulo chophedwa ndi chitsulo chomwe chachotsedwa oxidized kwathunthu chisanaponyedwe mu ingots kapena mitundu ina. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kuwonjezera deoxidizing agent monga silicon, aluminiyamu, kapena manganese ku chitsulocho chisanaume. Mawu akuti "kuphedwa" akusonyeza kuti palibe mpweya womwe umachitika mu chitsulocho panthawi yolimbitsa.
Mwa kuchotsa mpweya, chitsulo chophedwa chimaletsa kupangika kwa thovu la mpweya mu chitsulo chosungunuka, motero chimapewa ma porosity ndi thovu la mpweya mu chinthu chomaliza. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chitsulocho chikhale chofanana komanso chokhuthala chokhala ndi mphamvu zapamwamba zamakanika komanso kapangidwe kake.
Chitsulo chophedwa ndi choyenera makamaka pa ntchito zomwe zimafuna khalidwe lapamwamba komanso kulimba, monga zombo zopondereza, nyumba zazikulu, ndi mapaipi okhala ndi zofunikira zapamwamba.
Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chophedwa popanga machubu, mutha kukhala otsimikiza kuti ntchito yake ikuyenda bwino komanso kuti ntchito yake ikhale yayitali, makamaka m'malo omwe ali ndi katundu wolemera komanso kupanikizika.
Yopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira yopanda msoko pamodzi ndi njira yomaliza.
Chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko chomalizidwa ndi kutentha: SH;
Chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko chozizira: SC.
Pa njira yopangira yopanda msoko, ikhoza kugawidwa m'mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko okhala ndi mainchesi akunja opitilira 30mm pogwiritsa ntchito kupanga kotentha, ndi 30mm pogwiritsa ntchito kupanga kozizira.
Apa ndi momwe zinthu zimayendera pakupanga kwa Hot-finished seamless.
Kuthira madzi kotsika kutentha kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuti zinthu zigwire bwino ntchito, kuchepetsa kuuma, ndi kulimbitsa, ndipo ndikoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chitsulo chozizira.
Kukonzanso zinthu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbitsa mphamvu ndi kulimba kwa zinthuzo, kuti chitsulocho chikhale choyenera kupirira kupsinjika kwa makina ndi kutopa, nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbitsa magwiridwe antchito a chitsulo chopangidwa ndi ozizira.
Kudzera mu njira zotenthetsera kutenthazi, kapangidwe ka mkati mwa chitsulocho kamakonzedwa bwino ndipo mawonekedwe ake amakonzedwanso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale choyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ovuta.
Kusanthula kutentha kuyenera kukhala kogwirizana ndi JIS G 0320. Kusanthula kwa zinthu kuyenera kukhala kogwirizana ndi JIS G 0321.
| giredi | C (Kaboni) | Si (Silikoni) | Mn (Manganese) | P (Phosphorus) | S (Sulfure) |
| STS370 | 0.25% payokha | 0.10-0.35% | 0.30-1.10% | 0.35% payokha | 0.35% payokha |
Kusanthula kutenthaCholinga chake chachikulu ndi kuyesa kapangidwe ka mankhwala a zinthu zopangira.
Mwa kusanthula kapangidwe ka mankhwala a zinthu zopangira, n'zotheka kuneneratu ndikusintha njira zokonzera ndi mikhalidwe yomwe ingafunike popanga, monga magawo a kutentha ndi kuwonjezera zinthu zosakaniza.
Kusanthula kwa zinthuimasanthula kapangidwe ka mankhwala a zinthu zomalizidwa kuti itsimikizire kuti zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zamalizidwa komanso mtundu wa chinthu chomalizidwacho.
Kusanthula kwa malonda kumaonetsetsa kuti kusintha konse, zowonjezera kapena zodetsa zilizonse zomwe zingachitike mu malonda panthawi yopanga zinthu zikuyendetsedwa bwino komanso kuti malonda omaliza akukwaniritsa zofunikira zaukadaulo ndi zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito.
JIS G 3455, mtengo wa kusanthula kwa malonda sayenera kungotsatira zofunikira za zinthu zomwe zili patebulo pamwambapa, komanso kuchuluka kwa kulekerera kuyenera kutsatira zofunikira za JIS G 3021 Table 3.
Miyeso yotalikira ya chidutswa choyesera Nambala 12 (chofanana ndi mzere wa chitoliro) ndi chidutswa choyesera Nambala 5 (cholunjika ndi mzere wa chitoliro) chotengedwa kuchokera ku mapaipi osapitirira 8 mm mu makulidwe a khoma.
| Chizindikiro cha giredi | Chidutswa choyesera chomwe chagwiritsidwa ntchito | Kutalikitsa mphindi, % | ||||||
| Kukhuthala kwa khoma | ||||||||
| ＞1 ≤2 mm | ＞2 ≤3 mm | ＞3 ≤4 mm | ＞4 ≤5 mm | ＞5 ≤6 mm | ＞6 ≤7 mm | ＞7 ＜8 mm | ||
| STS370 | Nambala 12 | 21 | 22 | 24 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 30 |
| Nambala 5 | 16 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 22 | 24 | 25 | |
| Mawerengedwe a kutalika mu tebulo ili amapezeka pochotsa 1.5% kuchokera ku mtengo wotalikira womwe waperekedwa mu Table 4 pa kuchepa kulikonse kwa 1 mm mu makulidwe a khoma kuchokera pa 8 mm, ndikuzungulira zotsatira zake kukhala nambala yokwanira malinga ndi Rule A ya JIS Z 8401. | ||||||||
Kuyesa kwa flattening kungasiyidwe pokhapokha ngati wogula wanena mwanjira ina.
Ikani chitsanzocho mu makinawo ndipo chifafanizireni mpaka mtunda pakati pa nsanja ziwirizo utafika pa mtengo wotchulidwa H. Kenako yang'anani chitsanzocho ngati chili ndi ming'alu.
Poyesa chitoliro cholumikizidwa ndi kukana kwakukulu, mzere pakati pa cholumikizira ndi pakati pa chitolirocho umakhala wolunjika ku mbali yokanikizidwa.
H=(1+e)t/(e+t/D)
H: mtunda pakati pa ma platens (mm)
t: makulidwe a khoma la chubu (mm)
D: m'mimba mwake wa chubu (mm)
e:chokhazikika chomwe chimafotokozedwa pa kalasi iliyonse ya chubu.0.08 ya STS370: 0.07 ya STS410 ndi STS480.
Yoyenera mapaipi okhala ndi mainchesi akunja a ≤ 50 mm.
Chitsanzocho chisakhale ndi ming'alu ikapindika pa 90° ndipo m'mimba mwake mkati mwake muli 6 kuposa m'mimba mwake wakunja kwa chitolirocho.
Ngodya yopindika iyenera kuyezedwa kumayambiriro kwa kupindika.
Chitoliro chilichonse chachitsulo chiyenera kuyesedwa ndi madzi kapena osawonongakuonetsetsa kuti chitolirocho chili bwino komanso chotetezeka komanso kuti chikwaniritse miyezo yogwiritsira ntchito.
Mayeso a Hydraulic
Ngati palibe kuthamanga kwa mayeso komwe kwatchulidwa, kuthamanga kocheperako kwa mayeso a hydro kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa motsatira Ndondomeko ya Mapaipi.
| Makulidwe a khoma lodziwika bwino | 40 | 60 | 80 | 100 | 120 | 140 | 160 |
| Kuthamanga kochepa kwa mayeso a hydraulic, Mpa | 6.0 | 9.0 | 12 | 15 | 18 | 20 | 20 |
Ngati makulidwe a khoma la m'mimba mwake wakunja kwa chitoliro chachitsulo si ofanana ndi mtengo wamba patebulo la kulemera kwa chitoliro chachitsulo, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito njirayo kuti muwerengere kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga.
P=2st/D
P: kuthamanga kwa mayeso (MPa)
t: makulidwe a khoma la chitoliro (mm)
D: m'mimba mwake wakunja kwa chitoliro (mm)
s: 60% ya mtengo wocheperako wa mfundo yopezera phindu kapena kupsinjika kotsimikizika komwe kwaperekedwa.
Pamene kuthamanga kocheperako kwa mayeso a hydrostatic a nambala yosankhidwa ya pulani kupitirira kuthamanga kocheperako kwa mayeso P komwe kwapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito fomula, kuthamanga kwa P kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuthamanga kocheperako kwa mayeso a hydrostatic m'malo mosankha kuthamanga kocheperako kwa mayeso a hydrostatic mu tebulo pamwambapa.
Mayeso Osawononga
Kuyesa machubu achitsulo kosawononga kuyenera kuchitidwa ndikuyesa kwa ultrasound kapena eddy current.
Kwaakupangamakhalidwe owunikira, chizindikiro chochokera ku chitsanzo chofotokozera chomwe chili ndi muyezo wofotokozera wa kalasi UD monga momwe zafotokozedwera muJIS G 0582iyenera kuonedwa ngati mulingo wa alamu ndipo iyenera kukhala ndi chizindikiro choyambira chofanana kapena chachikulu kuposa mulingo wa alamu.
Kuzindikira kwachizolowezi kwaeddy currentKuyesedwa kuyenera kukhala gulu la EU, EV, EW, kapena EX lomwe latchulidwa muJIS G 0583, ndipo sipadzakhala zizindikiro zofanana kapena zazikulu kuposa zizindikiro zochokera ku chitsanzo chofotokozera zomwe zili ndi muyezo wofotokozera wa gulu lomwe latchulidwa.
Kuti mudziwe zambiriMatchati a Kulemera kwa Mapaipi ndi Ndandanda za Mapaipimkati mwa muyezo, mutha kudina.
Chitoliro cha Schedule 40 ndi choyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mphamvu zochepa mpaka zapakati chifukwa chimapereka makulidwe apakati a khoma omwe amapewa kulemera kwambiri komanso mtengo wake pamene akutsimikizira kuti ndi olimba mokwanira.
Mapaipi a Schedule 80 amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo opangira mafakitale omwe amafunikira kuyendetsedwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, monga makina opangira mankhwala ndi mapaipi otumizira mafuta ndi gasi, chifukwa amatha kupirira kupsinjika kwakukulu komanso kugundana kwamphamvu kwa makina chifukwa cha makulidwe ake a khoma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chitetezo chowonjezera, chitetezo, komanso kulimba.
Chubu chilichonse chiyenera kukhala ndi zilembo zotsatirazi.
a)Chizindikiro cha giredi;
b)Chizindikiro cha njira yopangira;
c)MiyesoChitsanzo 50AxSch80 kapena 60.5x5.5;
d)Dzina la wopanga kapena mtundu womuzindikiritsa.
Ngati m'mimba mwake wa chubu chilichonse ndi wochepa ndipo n'kovuta kulemba chizindikiro cha chubu chilichonse, kapena ngati wogula akufuna kuti chubu chilichonse chilembedwe chizindikiro, chubu chilichonse chikhoza kulembedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyenera.
STS370 ndi yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito makina osamutsa madzi omwe ali ndi mphamvu yochepa koma kutentha kwambiri.
Makina otenthetsera: Mu makina otenthetsera m'mizinda kapena nyumba zazikulu, STS370 ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kunyamula madzi otentha kapena nthunzi chifukwa imatha kupirira kupsinjika ndi kusintha kwa kutentha mu makinawo.
Malo opangira magetsi: Pakupanga magetsi, pamafunika mapaipi ambiri a nthunzi amphamvu, ndipo STS370 ndiye chinthu choyenera kwambiri popanga mapaipi awa chifukwa amatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri komanso malo ogwirira ntchito amphamvu kwambiri.
Makina oponderezedwa a mpweya: Mu mafakitale ndi kupanga zinthu zokha, mpweya wopanikizika ndi gwero lofunika la mphamvu, ndipo chitoliro chachitsulo cha STS370 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi a machitidwe awa kuti atsimikizire kuti mpweya umabwera bwino komanso motetezeka.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka nyumba ndi makina wambaChifukwa cha makhalidwe ake abwino a makina, STS370 ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana za kapangidwe kake ndi makina, makamaka pa ntchito zomwe zimafunika mphamvu inayake yopondereza.
JIS G 3455 STS370 ndi chitsulo cha kaboni chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka mphamvu yamagetsi. Zipangizo zotsatirazi zitha kuonedwa ngati zofanana kapena zofanana:
1. ASTM A53 Giredi B: Yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapangidwe ndi makina onse komanso ponyamula madzi.
2. API 5L Giredi B: Pa mapaipi oyendera mafuta ndi gasi amphamvu kwambiri.
3. DIN 1629 St37.0: Za uinjiniya wamakina wamba komanso kapangidwe ka zombo.
4. EN 10216-1 P235TR1Chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko chogwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri komanso malo opanikizika kwambiri.
5. ASTM A106 Giredi BChitoliro chachitsulo cha kaboni chopanda msoko chogwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri.
6.ASTM A179: Machubu ndi mapaipi achitsulo chofewa chopanda msoko wokokedwa ndi ozizira kuti azigwira ntchito kutentha kochepa.
7. DIN 17175 St35.8: Zipangizo zopanda msoko zamachubu a ma boiler ndi zotengera zopanikizika.
8. EN 10216-2 P235GH: Machubu ndi mapaipi opanda msoko a chitsulo chosagwiritsa ntchito aloyi ndi aloyi kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo otentha kwambiri komanso opanikizika kwambiri.
Kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2014, Botop Steel yakhala kampani yotsogola yogulitsa mapaipi achitsulo cha kaboni kumpoto kwa China, yodziwika bwino chifukwa cha ntchito zabwino kwambiri, zinthu zapamwamba, komanso mayankho omveka bwino. Kampaniyo imapereka mapaipi osiyanasiyana achitsulo cha kaboni ndi zinthu zina zokhudzana nazo, kuphatikizapo mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko, ERW, LSAW, ndi SSAW, komanso mndandanda wathunthu wa zolumikizira mapaipi ndi ma flange.
Zogulitsa zake zapadera zimaphatikizaponso zitsulo zapamwamba kwambiri komanso zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zopangidwa ndi austenitic, zopangidwa kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za mapulojekiti osiyanasiyana a mapaipi.
