Chitoliro chachitsulo cha JIS G 3461ndi chitoliro chachitsulo cha kaboni chopanda msoko (SMLS) kapena cholimba ndi magetsi (ERW), chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu ma boiler ndi zosinthira kutentha kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito monga kusinthana kutentha pakati pa mkati ndi kunja kwa chubu.
STB340Ndi chitoliro cha chitsulo cha kaboni chomwe chili mu muyezo wa JIS G 3461. Chili ndi mphamvu yocheperako yogwira ntchito ya 340 MPa ndi mphamvu yocheperako yogwira ntchito ya 175 MPa.
Ndi chinthu chomwe chimasankhidwa kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zambiri, kukhazikika bwino pa kutentha, kusinthasintha, kukana dzimbiri, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama, komanso kusinthasintha bwino.
JIS G 3461ali ndi magiredi atatu.STB340, STB410, STB510.
STB340Mphamvu yocheperako yokoka: 340 MPa; Mphamvu yocheperako yokoka: 175 MPa.
STB410Mphamvu Yocheperako Yokoka: 410 MPa; Mphamvu Yocheperako Yokoka: 255 MPa.
STB510:Mphamvu Yocheperako Yokoka: 510 MPa; Mphamvu Yocheperako Yokoka: 295 MPa.
Ndipotu, n'zosavuta kupeza kuti giredi ya JIS G 3461 imagawidwa malinga ndi mphamvu yochepa kwambiri ya chitoliro chachitsulo.
Pamene giredi ya chinthucho ikukwera, mphamvu zake zokoka ndi zokolola zimawonjezeka moyenerera, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chinthucho chizitha kupirira katundu wambiri komanso kupsinjika pa malo ogwirira ntchito ovuta kwambiri.
M'mimba mwake wakunja wa 15.9-139.8mm.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mu ma boiler ndi ma heat exchanger nthawi zambiri sikufuna ma tube diameter akuluakulu. Ma tube diameter ang'onoang'ono amawonjezera mphamvu ya kutentha chifukwa chiŵerengero cha malo pamwamba ndi voliyumu pakusamutsa kutentha chimakhala chokwera. Izi zimathandiza kusamutsa mphamvu ya kutentha mwachangu komanso moyenera.
Machubu ayenera kupangidwa kuchokera kuchitsulo chophedwa.
Kuphatikiza njira zopangira mapaipi ndi njira zomaliza.
Mwatsatanetsatane, akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu motere:
Chitsulo chachitsulo chopanda msoko chotenthedwa: SH
Chitsulo chopanda msoko chozizira chomalizidwa ndi chitoliro: SC
Monga kukana kwamagetsi, chubu chachitsulo chosungunulidwa: EG
Chitoliro chachitsulo chosungunuka chamagetsi cholimba cholimba: EH
Chitsulo chachitsulo chosungunulidwa cholimba cholimba ndi magetsi: EC
Apa ndi momwe zinthu zimayendera pakupanga kwa Hot-finished seamless.
Pa njira yopangira yopanda msoko, ikhoza kugawidwa m'mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko okhala ndi mainchesi akunja opitilira 30mm pogwiritsa ntchito kupanga kotentha, ndi 30mm pogwiritsa ntchito kupanga kozizira.
Njira zowunikira kutentha ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi miyezo ya JIS G 0320.
Zinthu zina zosakaniza kupatula zimenezo zitha kuwonjezeredwa kuti mupeze zinthu zinazake.
Pamene chinthucho chikufufuzidwa, kusiyana kwa kapangidwe ka mankhwala a chitolirocho kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za Table 3 ya JIS G 0321 ya mapaipi achitsulo chosasunthika ndi Table 2 ya JIS G 0321 ya mapaipi achitsulo otetezedwa ndi resistance-welded.
| Chizindikiro cha giredi | C (Kaboni) | Si (Silikoni) | Mn (Manganese) | P (Phosphorus) | S (Sulfure) |
| kuchuluka | kuchuluka | kuchuluka | kuchuluka | ||
| STB340 | 0.18 | 0.35 | 0.30-0.60 | 0.35 | 0.35 |
| Wogula angatchule kuchuluka kwa Si komwe kukhale pakati pa 0.10% ndi 0.35%. | |||||
Kapangidwe ka mankhwala ka STB340 kamapangidwa kuti katsimikizire kuti makina ndi zinthu zake zimakhala zokwanira komanso kuti makinawo azigwira ntchito bwino pamene akupangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikhale zoyenera kuwotcherera ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo otentha kwambiri.
| Chizindikiro cha giredi | Mphamvu yokoka a | Kupsinjika kwa mfundo kapena umboni | Kutalikitsa pang'ono, % | ||
| Kunja kwa m'mimba mwake | |||||
| ＜10mm | ≥10mm ＜20mm | ≥20mm | |||
| N/mm² (MPA) | N/mm² (MPA) | Chidutswa choyesera | |||
| Nambala 11 | Nambala 11 | Nambala 11/Nambala 12 | |||
| mphindi | mphindi | Mayendedwe a mayeso a kukoka | |||
| Kufanana ndi chubu chozungulira | Kufanana ndi chubu chozungulira | Kufanana ndi chubu chozungulira | |||
| STB340 | 340 | 175 | 27 | 30 | 35 |
Dziwani: kwa machubu osinthira kutentha okha, wogula akhoza, ngati kuli kofunikira, kutchula mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wa mphamvu yokoka. Pankhaniyi, mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wa mphamvu yokoka udzakhala mtengo womwe ungapezeke powonjezera 120 N/mm² ku mtengo womwe uli patebuloli.
Pamene mayeso omangika akuchitika pa chidutswa choyesera Nambala 12 cha chubu chosakwana 8 mm mu makulidwe a khoma.
| Chizindikiro cha giredi | Chidutswa choyesera chomwe chagwiritsidwa ntchito | Kutalikitsa mphindi, % | ||||||
| Kukhuthala kwa khoma | ||||||||
| ＞1 ≤2 mm | ＞2 ≤3 mm | ＞3 ≤4 mm | ＞4 ≤5 mm | ＞5 ≤6 mm | ＞6 ≤7 mm | ＞7 ＜8 mm | ||
| STB340 | Nambala 12 | 26 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 32 | 34 | 35 |
Mawerengedwe a kutalika kwa khoma mu tebulo ili amawerengedwa pochotsa 1.5% kuchokera ku kukula kwa khoma komwe kwaperekedwa mu Table 4 pa kuchepa kulikonse kwa 1 mm mu makulidwe a khoma la chubu kuchokera pa 8 mm, ndikuzungulira zotsatira zake kukhala nambala yofanana malinga ndi Rule A ya JIS Z 8401.
Njira yoyesera iyenera kukhala yogwirizana ndi JIS Z 2245. Kulimba kwa chidutswa choyesera kuyenera kuyezedwa pa gawo lake lopingasa kapena pamwamba pake pa malo atatu pa chidutswa chilichonse choyesera.
| Chizindikiro cha giredi | Kulimba kwa Rockwell (mtengo wapakati wa malo atatu) HRBW |
| STB340 | 77 max. |
| STB410 | 79 max. |
| STB510 | 92 max. |
Kuyesa kumeneku sikuyenera kuchitidwa pa machubu okhala ndi makulidwe a khoma a 2 mm kapena pansi pake. Pa machubu achitsulo olumikizidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, kuyesaku kuchitike m'gawo lina kupatula cholumikizira kapena madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi kutentha.
Sizigwira ntchito pa machubu achitsulo opanda msoko.
Njira Yoyesera Ikani chitsanzo mu makinawo ndikuchikulunga mpaka mtunda pakati pa nsanja ziwirizo utafika pamtengo wotchulidwa H. Kenako yang'anani chitsanzocho ngati chili ndi ming'alu.
Poyesa chitoliro cholumikizidwa ndi kukana kwakukulu, mzere pakati pa cholumikizira ndi pakati pa chitolirocho umakhala wolunjika ku mbali yokanikizidwa.
H=(1+e)t/(e+t/D)
H: mtunda pakati pa ma platens (mm)
t: makulidwe a khoma la chubu (mm)
D: m'mimba mwake wa chubu (mm)
e:chosasintha chomwe chimafotokozedwa pa giredi iliyonse ya chubu. STB340: 0.09; STB410: 0.08; STB510: 0.07.
Sizigwira ntchito pa machubu achitsulo opanda msoko.
Malekezero amodzi a chitsanzocho amayaka kutentha kwa chipinda (5°C mpaka 35°C) ndi chida chozungulira pa ngodya ya 60° mpaka kukula kwa dayamita yakunja kukulidwe ndi factor ya 1.2 ndikuwunikidwa ngati pali ming'alu.
Chofunika ichi chimagwiranso ntchito pamachubu okhala ndi mainchesi akunja opitilira 101.6 mm.
Mayeso obwerezabwereza ophwanyika akhoza kuchotsedwa pochita mayeso ophwanyika.
Dulani chidutswa choyesera cha 100 mm kutalika kuchokera kumapeto kwa chitoliro ndikudula chidutswa choyeseracho pakati pa 90° kuchokera pamzere wolumikizira mbali zonse ziwiri za kuzungulira, kutenga theka lomwe lili ndi cholumikiziracho ngati chidutswa choyesera.
Pa kutentha kwa chipinda (5 °C mpaka 35 °C) tambasulani chitsanzocho mu mbale yokhala ndi cholumikizira pamwamba ndipo yang'anani chitsanzocho ngati chili ndi ming'alu mu cholumikiziracho.
Chitoliro chilichonse chachitsulo chiyenera kuyesedwa ndi madzi kapena osawonongakuonetsetsa kuti chitolirocho chili bwino komanso chotetezeka komanso kuti chikwaniritse miyezo yogwiritsira ntchito.
Mayeso a Hydraulic
Gwirani mkati mwa chitolirocho pa mphamvu yocheperako kapena yokwera P (P max 10 MPa) kwa masekondi osachepera 5, kenako onetsetsani kuti chitolirocho chikhoza kupirira mphamvuyo popanda kutuluka madzi.
P=2st/D
P: kuthamanga kwa mayeso (MPa)
t: makulidwe a khoma la chubu (mm)
D: m'mimba mwake wakunja kwa chubu (mm)
s: 60% ya mtengo wocheperako womwe watchulidwa wa mfundo yopezera phindu kapena kupsinjika kwa umboni.
Mayeso Osawononga
Kuyesa machubu achitsulo kosawononga kuyenera kuchitidwa ndikuyesa kwa ultrasound kapena eddy current.
Kwaakupangamakhalidwe owunikira, chizindikiro chochokera ku chitsanzo chofotokozera chomwe chili ndi muyezo wofotokozera wa kalasi UD monga momwe zafotokozedwera muJIS G 0582iyenera kuonedwa ngati mulingo wa alamu ndipo iyenera kukhala ndi chizindikiro choyambira chofanana kapena chachikulu kuposa mulingo wa alamu.
Kuzindikira kwachizolowezi kwaeddy currentKuyesedwa kuyenera kukhala gulu la EU, EV, EW, kapena EX lomwe latchulidwa muJIS G 0583, ndipo sipadzakhala zizindikiro zofanana kapena zazikulu kuposa zizindikiro zochokera ku chitsanzo chofotokozera zomwe zili ndi muyezo wofotokozera wa gulu lomwe latchulidwa.
Kuti mudziwe zambiriMatchati a Kulemera kwa Mapaipi ndi Ndandanda za Mapaipimkati mwa muyezo, mutha kudina.
Tengani njira yoyenera yolembera mfundo zotsatirazi.
a) Chizindikiro cha giredi;
b) Chizindikiro cha njira yopangira;
c) Miyeso: m'mimba mwake wakunja ndi makulidwe a khoma;
d) Dzina la wopanga kapena mtundu womuzindikiritsa.
Ngati chizindikiro pa chubu chilichonse chili chovuta chifukwa cha kukula kwake kochepa kwakunja kapena ngati wogula apempha, chizindikirocho chikhoza kuperekedwa pa chubu chilichonse pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyenera.
STB340 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mapaipi amadzi ndi mapaipi a flue a ma boilers osiyanasiyana a mafakitale, makamaka m'malo omwe kukana kutentha kwambiri ndi kupsinjika kumafunika.
Chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zabwino zoyendetsera kutentha, ndi yoyeneranso kupanga mapaipi a zosinthira kutentha, zomwe zimathandiza kusamutsa kutentha bwino pakati pa malo osiyanasiyana.
Ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kunyamula madzi otentha kwambiri kapena opanikizika kwambiri, monga nthunzi kapena madzi otentha, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale opanga mankhwala, magetsi, ndi makina.
ASTM A106 Giredi A
DIN 17175 St35.8
DIN 1629 St37.0
BS 3059-1 Giredi 320
EN 10216-1 P235GH
GB 3087 20#
GB 5310 20G
Ngakhale kuti zipangizozi zingakhale zofanana pankhani ya kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndi makhalidwe oyambira, njira zina zochizira kutentha ndi makina zingakhudze makhalidwe a chinthu chomaliza.
Chifukwa chake, kufananiza mwatsatanetsatane ndi mayeso oyenera kuyenera kuchitika posankha zinthu zofanana kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera.
Kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2014, Botop Steel yakhala kampani yotsogola yogulitsa mapaipi achitsulo cha kaboni kumpoto kwa China, yodziwika bwino chifukwa cha ntchito zabwino kwambiri, zinthu zapamwamba, komanso mayankho omveka bwino. Kampaniyo imapereka mapaipi osiyanasiyana achitsulo cha kaboni ndi zinthu zina zokhudzana nazo, kuphatikizapo mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko, ERW, LSAW, ndi SSAW, komanso mndandanda wathunthu wa zolumikizira mapaipi ndi ma flange.
Zogulitsa zake zapadera zimaphatikizaponso zitsulo zapamwamba kwambiri komanso zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zopangidwa ndi austenitic, zopangidwa kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za mapulojekiti osiyanasiyana a mapaipi.
