Chitoliro chachitsulo cha ASTM A556 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati chitoliro chachitsulo cha kaboni chopanda msoko chokokedwa ndi ozizira cha zotenthetsera zamadzi ozungulira.
Ntchito yake ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko chokhala ndi kukula kwa m'mimba mwake wakunja pakati pa 15.9-31.8mm ndi makulidwe a khoma osachepera 1.1mm.
Nkhaniyi ikuyang'ana kwambiri pa chitoliro chachitsulo ndipo siili ndi ma U-tubes omwe atchulidwa mu muyezo.
Chidutswa chakunja: 5/8 - 1 1/4 inchi. [15.9 -31.8 mm].
Kukhuthala kwa khoma: ≥ 0.045 mu [1.1 mm].
ASTM A556 imagawa magulu atatu,Giredi A2, Giredi B2ndiGiredi C2.
Machubu achitsulo ayenera kupangidwa ndiwopanda msokonjira ndipo iyenera kukokedwa mozizira.
Machubu achitsulo chosasunthika okokedwa ndi ozizira amapereka kulondola kwakukulu komanso kumalizidwa bwino kwa pamwamba pomwe akukonzanso kapangidwe kake kakang'ono ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zake monga mphamvu ndi kuuma. Kapangidwe kosasunthika kamapangitsa machubu kukhala okhazikika komanso otetezeka akamakumana ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu ndi kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale omwe amafuna kulondola kwambiri komanso magwiridwe antchito.
Komabe, machubu achitsulo osapindika okokedwa ozizira ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kupanga chifukwa njira yawo yopangira ndi yovuta kwambiri ndipo imafuna ntchito ndi zida zapamwamba kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu zawo zopanga zochepa, makamaka popanga zinthu zambiri, sizotsika mtengo monga momwe zimakhalira ndi njira yotentha yozungulira, ndipo nthawi zina pangakhale kutayika kwa zinthu zambiri, zomwe zimalepheretsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo pazinthu zina.
Machubu okokedwa ndi ozizira ayenera kutenthedwa kutentha akadutsa kutentha kwa 1200°F [640°C] kapena kupitirira apo kuti atsimikizire kuti kuyenda bwino kwa chubu kumakwanira bwino komanso kuti akwaniritse mawonekedwe a makina monga momwe zafotokozedwera.
Ngati kusanthula kwa malonda kwachitika, onani ASTM A751 kuti mudziwe njira zoyesera.
1. Katundu Wolimba
Njira yoyesera: ASTM A450 Gawo 7.
Pa magulu a machubu okwana 50, chubu chimodzi chiyenera kusankhidwa kuti chiyesedwe.
Pa magulu a machubu opitilira 50, machubu awiri ayenera kusankhidwa kuti ayeseredwe.
2. Kuuma
Njira yoyesera: ASTM A450 Gawo 23.
Zitsanzo zochokera m'machubu awiri oyesera kuchokera ku gawo lililonse ziyenera kuyesedwa kuti ziwone ngati Brinell kapena Rockwell ndi olimba.
Kulimba kwa chitoliro cha Rockwell sikuyenera kupitirira komwe kwawonetsedwa patebulo.
| Giredi | Kuuma |
| Giredi A2 | 72 HRBW |
| Giredi B2 | 79 HRBW |
| Giredi C2 | 89 HRBW |
3. Mayeso Ophwanyika
Njira yoyesera: ASTM A450 Gawo 19.
Kuyesa kosalala kuyenera kuchitika pa chitsanzo chimodzi kuchokera kumapeto onse a chubu chachitsulo chomalizidwa kuchokera ku machubu osapitirira 125 kuchokera ku gawo lililonse.
4. Mayeso Oyaka Moto
Njira yoyesera: ASTM A450 Gawo 21.
Mayeso oyaka moto ayenera kuchitika pa chitsanzo chimodzi kuchokera kumapeto kwa chubu chomalizidwa, ndipo machubu osapitirira 125 asankhidwe kuchokera mu gulu lililonse.
Palibe mayeso ofunikira a hydrostatic pamapaipi achitsulo.
Komabe, chitoliro chilichonse cha U chiyenera kuyesedwa ndi madzi osawononga.
Chubu chilichonse chiyenera kuyesedwa ndi chida choyesera chosawononga chomwe chingathe kuzindikira zolakwika m'gawo lonse la chubu pambuyo pokonza kutentha pamwamba pambuyo pochotsa kuzizira komaliza.
Njira zoyesera zosawononga za SpecificationE213, KufotokozeraE309(za zipangizo za ferromagnetic), KufotokozeraE426(za zinthu zopanda maginito), kapena ZofotokozeraE570angasankhidwe kuti ayesedwe.
Zololera zotsatirazi sizikugwira ntchito pa gawo lopindika la U-chubu.
Chitoliro chomalizidwacho chiyenera kukhala chopanda sikelo koma chingakhale ndi filimu ya oxide pamwamba pake.
Machubu omalizidwa ayenera kukhala owongoka bwino komanso okhala ndi malekezero osalala opanda ma burrs. Machubu ayenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi a munthu ndipo ayenera kukhala opanda zolakwika pamwamba zomwe sizingachotsedwe mkati mwa makoma ovomerezeka.
Kuchotsa zolakwika pamwamba monga zizindikiro zogwirira ntchito, zizindikiro zowongoka, zizindikiro zopepuka za mandrel ndi die, mabowo osaya, ndi mawonekedwe a sikelo sikofunikira malinga ngati zili mkati mwa malire ovomerezeka a khoma.
Ma diameter amkati ndi akunja a chitoliro chomalizidwa ayenera kuphimbidwa kuti asawonongeke panthawi yonyamula.
Zophimba zofala ndimafuta oletsa dzimbiri, vanishikapenautoto.
Kusankha zinthu zokutira nthawi zambiri kumadalira zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito chitoliro chachitsulo, malo omwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito, komanso nthawi yotetezera.
Zotenthetsera madzi a Tubular: Iyi ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zodziwika bwino za mapaipi achitsulo a ASTM A556.
Mu makampani opanga magetsi, ma feedwater heater amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenthetsa madzi a boiler, nthawi zambiri potulutsa nthunzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito machubu achitsulo amtunduwu kumathandiza kuti mphamvu ya kutentha isamutsidwe bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu zonse zigwire bwino ntchito komanso kuti makina azigwira bwino ntchito.
Zosinthira kutentha ndi zoziziritsa kutentha: Chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zabwino kwambiri zosamutsira kutentha komanso kukana dzimbiri, mapaipi achitsulo a ASTM A556 ndi oyeneranso kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mitundu ina ya zosinthira kutentha ndi zokondetsa, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana zamakemikolo, petrochemical, ndi mafakitale.
Makina a nthunzi amphamvu kwambiri: Kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri kwa machubu a ASTM A556 kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina a nthunzi okhala ndi kuthamanga kwambiri komanso ntchito zina zomwe zimafuna kukana kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri.
ASTM A179/A179M- Iyi ndi muyezo wa zotenthetsera kutentha zachitsulo cha kaboni chopanda msoko zomwe zimakokedwa ndi ozizira komanso machubu a condenser kuti azigwira ntchito yoziziritsa.
ASTM A192/A192M- Imafotokoza zofunikira zaukadaulo zamachubu a boiler a carbon steel opanda msoko a boilers omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka mphamvu zambiri.
ASTM A210/A210M- Muyezo wa machubu a boiler a carbon yapakatikati komanso carbon-manganese osasokonekera a boilers ndi ma superheaters.
ASTM A213/A213M- Amapereka miyezo ya boiler yachitsulo cha ferritic ndi austenitic alloy, superheater, ndi machubu osinthira kutentha.
ASTM A249/A249M- Zofunikira pa boiler yachitsulo cha austenitic cholumikizidwa, chotenthetsera kwambiri, chosinthira kutentha, ndi machubu a condenser.
ASTM A334/A334M- Muyezo wa mapaipi opanda msoko komanso olumikizidwa a kaboni ndi zitsulo zotayidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito popalira.
Miyezo iliyonse iyi imakhudza machubu achitsulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zosinthira kutentha, ma boiler kapena ntchito zina zofanana. Muyezo womwe umasankhidwa umatengera zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito, monga kutentha kogwirira ntchito, kuchuluka kwa kupanikizika, komanso kukana dzimbiri komwe kumayembekezeredwa.
Kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2014, Botop Steel yakhala kampani yotsogola yogulitsa mapaipi achitsulo cha kaboni kumpoto kwa China, yodziwika bwino chifukwa cha ntchito zabwino kwambiri, zinthu zapamwamba, komanso mayankho omveka bwino.
Kampaniyo imapereka mapaipi osiyanasiyana achitsulo cha kaboni ndi zinthu zina zokhudzana nazo, kuphatikizapo mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko, ERW, LSAW, ndi SSAW, komanso mndandanda wathunthu wa zolumikizira mapaipi ndi ma flange. Zogulitsa zake zapadera zimaphatikizaponso zitsulo zapamwamba kwambiri ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic, zopangidwa kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za mapulojekiti osiyanasiyana a mapaipi.
