ASTM A500 ndi mapaipi opangidwa ndi chitsulo cha kaboni chofewa komanso chopanda msoko omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga mlatho, ma rivets, kapena mabolt ndi nyumba komanso ntchito zina zonse.
Chitoliro cha Giredi C ndi chimodzi mwa ma giredi omwe ali ndi mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu yosachepera 345 MPa komanso mphamvu yokoka yosachepera 425 MPa.
Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri zaASTM A500, mutha kudina kuti muwone!
ASTM A500 imagawa chitoliro chachitsulo m'magulu atatu,giredi B, giredi C, ndi giredi D.
CHS: Zigawo zozungulira zopanda kanthu.
RHS: Zigawo zokhala ndi malo ozungulira kapena ozungulira.
EHS: Zigawo zopanda kanthu zozungulira.
Chitsulocho chiyenera kupangidwa ndi njira imodzi kapena zingapo zotsatirazi:mpweya woyambira kapena ng'anjo yamagetsi.
Chitolirocho chiyenera kupangidwa ndiwopanda msokokapena njira yowotcherera.
Machubu olumikizidwa ayenera kupangidwa ndi chitsulo chopindika chopangidwa ndi magetsi (ERW). Cholumikizira cha matako ataliitali cha chubu cholumikizidwa chiyenera kulumikizidwa mozungulira makulidwe ake mwanjira yoti mphamvu ya kapangidwe ka gawo la chubu ikhale yotsimikizika.
ASTM A500 Giredi C ikhoza kuchepetsedwa kapena kuchepetsedwa kupsinjika.
Kuphimba chitoliro kumachitika potenthetsa chubucho kutentha kwambiri kenako n’kuchiziziritsa pang’onopang’ono. Kuphimba chitolirocho kumakonzanso kapangidwe kake ka zinthuzo kuti zikhale zolimba komanso zofanana.
Kuchepetsa kupsinjika nthawi zambiri kumachitika mwa kutentha zinthuzo mpaka kutentha kotsika (nthawi zambiri kotsika kuposa kwa annealing) kenako kuzisunga kwa kanthawi kenako kuziziziritsa. Izi zimathandiza kupewa kusokonekera kapena kusweka kwa zinthuzo panthawi yogwira ntchito zina monga kuwotcherera kapena kudula.
Kuchuluka kwa mayeso: Zitsanzo ziwiri za chitoliro chotengedwa kuchokera pagawo lililonse la zidutswa 500 kapena gawo lake, kapena zitsanzo ziwiri za zinthu zokulungidwa zathyathyathya zomwe zatengedwa kuchokera pagawo lililonse la chiwerengero chofanana cha zidutswa za zinthu zokulungidwa zathyathyathya.
Njira zoyeseraNjira ndi machitidwe okhudzana ndi kusanthula mankhwala ayenera kukhala motsatira Njira Zoyesera, Machitidwe, ndi Mawu A751.
| Zofunikira za Mankhwala,% | |||
| Kapangidwe kake | Giredi C | ||
| Kusanthula Kutentha | Kusanthula Zamalonda | ||
| C (Kaboni)A | kuchuluka | 0.23 | 0.27 |
| Mn (Manganese)A | kuchuluka | 1.35 | 1.40 |
| P (Phosphorus) | kuchuluka | 0.035 | 0.045 |
| S(Sulfure) | kuchuluka | 0.035 | 0.045 |
| Cu (Mkuwa)B | mphindi | 0.20 | 0.18 |
| APa kuchepetsa kulikonse kwa 0.01 peresenti pansi pa carbon yomwe yatchulidwa, kuwonjezeka kwa 0.06 peresenti pamwamba pa 0.50% mwa kusanthula kutentha ndi 1.60% mwa kusanthula kwa zinthu zina. BNgati chitsulo chokhala ndi mkuwa chatchulidwa mu dongosolo logulira. | |||
Zitsanzo zokoka ziyenera kutsatira zofunikira za Njira Zoyesera ndi Matanthauzidwe A370, Appendix A2.
| Zofunikira Zolimba | ||
| Mndandanda | Giredi C | |
| Mphamvu yokoka, mphindi | psi | 62,000 |
| MPa | 425 | |
| Mphamvu yobereka, mphindi | psi | 50,000 |
| MPa | 345 | |
| Kutalika kwa mainchesi awiri (50 mm), mphindi,C | % | 21B |
| BZimagwira ntchito pa makulidwe a khoma (t) ofanana kapena kupitirira 0.120 in. [3.05mm]. Pa makulidwe a khoma opepuka, miyeso yocheperako yotalikira iyenera kukhala mogwirizana ndi wopanga. CMiyezo yocheperako yotalikira yomwe yatchulidwa imagwira ntchito kokha pamayeso omwe anachitika asanatumize chubu. | ||
Mu mayeso, chitsanzocho chimayikidwa mu makina oyesera okoka kenako n’kutambasula pang’onopang’ono mpaka chitasweka. Mu ndondomeko yonseyi, makina oyesera amalemba deta ya kupsinjika ndi kupsinjika, motero amapanga curve ya kupsinjika. Mzerewu umatilola kuwona njira yonse kuyambira kusintha kwa elastic mpaka kusintha kwa pulasitiki mpaka kuphulika, ndikupeza mphamvu yotulutsa, mphamvu yokoka ndi deta yotalikirapo.
Utali wa Chitsanzo: Kutalika kwa chitsanzo chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa sikuyenera kupitirira 65 mm.
Mayeso a DuctilityPopanda kusweka kapena kusweka, chitsanzocho chimaphwanyidwa pakati pa mbale zofanana mpaka mtunda pakati pa mbalezo utakhala wochepera pa mtengo wa "H" wowerengedwa ndi njira yotsatirayi:
H=(1+e)t/(e+t/D)
H = mtunda pakati pa mbale zopyapyala, mu. [mm],
e= kusintha kwa unit kutalika (kokhazikika pa kalasi yoperekedwa yachitsulo, 0.07 pa Giredi B, ndi 0.06 pa Giredi C),
t= makulidwe a khoma la chubu, mu. [mm],
D = m'mimba mwake wakunja kwa chubu, mkati. [mm].
UmphumphutEst: Pitirizani kusalaza chitsanzocho mpaka chitsanzocho chitasweka kapena makoma otsutsana a chitsanzocho atakumana.
Kulepheracriteria: Kuboola kwa laminar kapena zinthu zofooka zomwe zapezeka panthawi yonse yoyesera kuphwanyika zidzakhala chifukwa chokana.
Kuyesa kuyatsa kulipo pa machubu ozungulira ≤ 254 mm (10 in) m'mimba mwake, koma sikofunikira.
| Mndandanda | Chigawo | Zindikirani |
| Chidutswa chakunja (OD) | ≤48mm (1.9 in) | ± 0.5% |
| ＞50mm (2 in) | ± 0.75% | |
| Kukhuthala kwa Khoma (T) | Kukhuthala kwa khoma komwe kwatchulidwa | ≥90% |
| Utali (L) | ≤6.5m (22ft) | -6mm (1/4in) - +13mm (1/2in) |
| ＞6.5m (22ft) | -6mm (1/4in) - +19mm (3/4) | |
| Kuwongoka | Kutalika kuli mu mayunitsi achifumu (ft) | L/40 |
| Mayunitsi a kutalika ndi metric (m) | L/50 | |
| Zofunikira pakulekerera miyeso yokhudzana ndi chitsulo chozungulira | ||
Kutsimikiza Kwabwino kwa Zolakwika
Zofooka pamwamba pake zidzaikidwa m'gulu la zofooka pamene kuya kwa chofooka pamwamba pake kuli kotero kuti makulidwe otsala a khoma ndi ochepera 90% ya makulidwe a khoma omwe atchulidwa.
Zizindikiro zokonzedwa, zizindikiro zazing'ono za nkhungu kapena zozungulira, kapena zobowola zosaya kwambiri sizimaonedwa ngati zolakwika ngati zingathe kuchotsedwa mkati mwa malire ofunikira a makulidwe a khoma. Zolakwika izi pamwamba sizifuna kuchotsedwa mokakamizidwa.
Kukonza Zilema Bwino
Zolakwika zokhala ndi makulidwe a khoma mpaka 33% ya makulidwe omwe atchulidwa ziyenera kuchotsedwa podula kapena kupukuta mpaka chitsulo chopanda chilema chiwonekere.
Ngati kulumikiza matayala ndikofunikira, njira yolumikizira yonyowa iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pambuyo pokonzanso, chitsulo chowonjezera chiyenera kuchotsedwa kuti pakhale malo osalala.
Dzina la wopanga, mtundu, kapena chizindikiro cha malonda; dzina lofotokozera (chaka chomwe chatulutsidwa sichikufunika); ndi kalata yosonyeza giredi.
Pa chitoliro chomangidwa chomwe chili ndi mainchesi 10 kapena kuchepera, chidziwitso chozindikiritsa chimaloledwa pa zilembo zomangiriridwa bwino pa chitoliro chilichonse.
Palinso njira yogwiritsira ntchito ma barcode ngati njira yowonjezera yodziwira, ndipo tikulimbikitsa kuti ma barcode azigwirizana ndi AIAG Standard B-1.
1. Kumanga nyumbaChitsulo cha Giredi C nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba komwe kumafunika thandizo la kapangidwe ka nyumba. Chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mafelemu akuluakulu, nyumba za padenga, pansi, ndi makoma akunja.
2. Mapulojekiti a zomangamanga: Za milatho, zizindikiro za misewu, ndi zipilala kuti zipereke chithandizo chofunikira komanso kulimba.
3. Malo opangira mafakitale: m'mafakitale opanga zinthu ndi malo ena amafakitale, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popangira zitsulo, kukonza mafelemu, ndi mizati.
4. Kapangidwe ka mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso: Ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito popanga nyumba zamagetsi ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa.
5. Malo ochitira masewera ndi zida: nyumba zochitira masewera monga malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, malo ogoletsa zigoli, komanso zida zolimbitsa thupi.
6. Makina a ulimi: Ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kumanga mafelemu a makina ndi malo osungiramo zinthu.
Kukula: Perekani kukula kwa khoma ndi m'mimba mwake kunja kwa chubu chozungulira; perekani miyeso yakunja ndi makulidwe a khoma la chubu chozungulira ndi chamakona anayi.
Kuchuluka: Tchulani kutalika konse (mapazi kapena mamita) kapena chiwerengero cha kutalika komwe kumafunika.
Utali: Sonyezani mtundu wa kutalika komwe kukufunika - mwachisawawa, mochulukitsa, kapena mwachindunji.
Kufotokozera kwa ASTM 500: Perekani chaka chomwe chinasindikizidwa cha mfundo za ASTM 500 zomwe zatchulidwazi.
Giredi: Sonyezani giredi ya zinthu (B, C, kapena D).
Kusankhidwa kwa Zinthu: Sonyezani kuti zinthuzo ndi chubu chopangidwa ndi ozizira.
Njira Yopangira: Fotokozani ngati chitolirocho chili chopanda msoko kapena cholumikizidwa.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mapeto: Fotokozani cholinga cha kugwiritsa ntchito chitolirocho
Zofunikira ZapaderaLembani zofunikira zina zilizonse zomwe sizikuphatikizidwa mu muyezo.
Ndife opanga mapaipi achitsulo cha kaboni opangidwa ndi zitsulo komanso ogulitsa mapaipi apamwamba ochokera ku China, komanso ogulitsa mapaipi achitsulo osasokonekera, omwe amakupatsirani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya njira zothetsera mapaipi achitsulo!
Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri zokhudza zinthu zopangidwa ndi chitoliro chachitsulo, mutha kulumikizana nafe!
