ASTM A335 P9, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti ASME SA335 P9, ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda ferritic chomwe chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo cholimba chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri.Nambala ya UNS K90941.
Zinthu zosakaniza ndi chromium ndi molybdenum. Kuchuluka kwa chromium kumakhala pakati pa 8.00 - 10.00%, pomwe kuchuluka kwa molybdenum kuli pakati pa 0.90% - 1.10%.
P9Ili ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri komanso yolimba bwino m'malo otentha kwambiri ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ma boiler, zida za petrochemical, ndi malo opangira magetsi komwe kumafunika malo otentha kwambiri komanso opanikizika kwambiri.
⇒ Zinthu Zofunika: ASTM A335 P9 / ASME SA335 P9 chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko.
⇒Kunja kwa m'mimba mwake: 1/8" - 24".
⇒Kukhuthala kwa khomaZofunikira za ASME B36.10.
⇒Ndandanda: SCH10, SCH20, SCH30, SCH40, SCH60, SCH80, SCH100, SCH120, SCH140 ndi SCH160.
⇒Kudziwika: STD (yokhazikika), XS (yamphamvu kwambiri), kapena XXS (yamphamvu kwambiri kawiri).
⇒Utali: Kutalika kwapadera kapena kosasinthika.
⇒Kusintha: M'mimba mwake wakunja wosakhala wokhazikika, makulidwe a khoma, kutalika, ndi zina zotero malinga ndi zofunikira.
⇒Zokongoletsera: Tikhoza kupereka zinthu zomwezo zopindika, ma stamping flanges, ndi zinthu zina zothandizira chitoliro chachitsulo.
⇒Satifiketi ya IBR: Satifiketi ya IBR ingaperekedwe ngati pakufunika.
⇒TSIRIZA: Mapeto osalala, mapeto opindika, kapena mapeto a chitoliro chophatikizika.
⇒Kulongedza: chikwama chamatabwa, lamba wachitsulo kapena waya wachitsulo, choteteza kumapeto kwa chitoliro cha pulasitiki kapena chitsulo.
⇒Mayendedwe: ndi sitima zapamadzi kapena ndege.
Chitoliro chachitsulo cha ASTM A335 chiyenera kukhala chopanda msoko.
Chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda zolumikizira zonse.
Popeza chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika chilibe mipata yolumikizidwa m'mapangidwe ake, chimapewa zoopsa zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha mavuto a ubwino wa chitoliro. Mbali imeneyi imalola chitoliro chosasunthika kupirira kupsinjika kwakukulu, ndipo kapangidwe kake kamkati kofanana kamatsimikiziranso umphumphu ndi chitetezo cha chitolirocho m'malo omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, kudalirika kwa machubu a ASTM A335 kumakulitsidwa ndi kuwonjezera zinthu zinazake zophatikizira kuti zikhale ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri.
Mitundu ya mankhwala otenthetsera omwe alipo pa zinthu za P9 ndi monga kudzaza kapena kusatentha kwambiri, komanso kusinthasintha ndi kutenthetsa. Njira yosinthira ndi kutenthetsa imakhala ndi kutentha kwa 1250°F [675°C].
Zinthu zazikulu zophatikizira za P9 ndi izi:CrndiMo, zomwe ndi ma alloys a chromium-molybdenum.
Cr (Chromium): Monga chinthu chachikulu cha alloy, Cr imapereka mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yotentha komanso kukana okosijeni. Imapanga filimu yolimba ya chromium oxide pamwamba pa chitsulo, ndikuwonjezera kukhazikika ndi kukana dzimbiri kwa chitoliro pa kutentha kwakukulu.
Mo (Molybdenum): Kuwonjezeredwa kwa Mo kumawonjezera kwambiri mphamvu ndi kulimba kwa alloys, makamaka m'malo otentha kwambiri. Mo imathandizanso kukweza mphamvu ya zinthuzo, mwachitsanzo kuthekera kokana kusintha kwa kutentha pakapita nthawi yayitali.
Katundu Wokoka
P5, P5b, P5c, P9,P11, P15, P21, ndi P22: Mphamvu yokoka ndi yotuluka ndi yofanana.
P1, P2, P5, P5b, P5c,P9, P11, P12, P15, P21, ndi P22: Kutalikirana komweko.
AGome 5 limapereka miyeso yocheperako yowerengedwa.
Pamene makulidwe a khoma ali pakati pa mfundo ziwiri zomwe zili pamwambapa, mtengo wocheperako wa kutalika umatsimikiziridwa ndi njira yotsatirayi:
Longitudinal, P9: E = 48t + 15.00 [E = 1.87t + 15.00]
Chodutsa, P9: E = 32t + 15.00 [E = 1.25t + 15.00]
komwe:
E = kutalika kwa mainchesi awiri kapena 50 mm, %,
t = makulidwe enieni a zitsanzo, mu. [mm].
Kuuma
P9 sifunikira mayeso okhwima.
P1, P2, P5, P5b, P5c, P9, P11, P12, P15, P21, P22, ndi P921: Palibe mayeso ofunikira a kuuma.
Pamene m'mimba mwake wakunja uli > mainchesi 10. [250 mm] ndi makulidwe a khoma ≤ 0.75 mainchesi. [19 mm], zonse ziyenera kuyesedwa ndi hydrostatic.
Kupanikizika koyesera kungawerengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito equation yotsatirayi.
P = 2St/D
P= kuthamanga kwa mayeso a hydrostatic mu psi [MPa];
S= kupsinjika kwa khoma la chitoliro mu psi kapena [MPa];
t= makulidwe a khoma otchulidwa, makulidwe a khoma odziwika bwino malinga ndi nambala ya ndandanda ya ANSI yotchulidwa kapena kuchulukitsa makulidwe a khoma osachepera otchulidwa ndi 1.143, mu. [mm];
D= mainchesi akunja otchulidwa, mainchesi akunja ogwirizana ndi kukula kwa chitoliro cha ANSI chotchulidwa, kapena mainchesi akunja owerengedwa powonjezera 2t (monga tafotokozera pamwambapa) ku mainchesi amkati otchulidwa, mu. [mm].
Nthawi yoyesera: sungani osachepera 5s, osatulutsa madzi.
Ngati chitoliro sichiyenera kuyesedwa ndi madzi, mayeso osawononga ayenera kuchitidwa pa chitoliro chilichonse kuti azindikire zolakwika.
Kuyesa kosawononga zinthu za P9 kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi njira imodziE213, E309 or E570.
E213: Kuchita Mayeso a Ultrasonic a Chitoliro cha Chitsulo ndi Machubu;
E309: Kuchita kafukufuku wa Eddy Current wa Zinthu za Tubular za Chitsulo Pogwiritsa Ntchito Magnetic Saturation;
E570: Njira Yoyesera Kutuluka kwa Kutuluka kwa Mafuta a Ferromagnetic Steel Tubular Products;
Kusiyanasiyana Kovomerezeka mu Diameter
Kupatuka kwa m'mimba mwake kumatha kugawidwa malinga ndi 1. kutengera m'mimba mwake wamkati kapena 2. kutengera m'mimba mwake wa nominella kapena wakunja.
1. M'mimba mwake wamkati: ± 1%.
2. NPS [DN] kapena dayamita yakunja: Izi zikugwirizana ndi kusiyana kovomerezeka mu tebulo ili m'munsimu.
Kusintha Kovomerezeka kwa Kukhuthala kwa Khoma
Kukhuthala kwa khoma la chitoliro nthawi iliyonse sikuyenera kupitirira kulekerera komwe kwatchulidwa.
Kukhuthala kocheperako kwa khoma ndi m'mimba mwake wakunja kuti muwone ngati zikugwirizana ndi izi pa chitoliro cholamulidwa ndi NPS [DN] ndi nambala ya ndandanda yawonetsedwa muASME B36.10M.
Zomwe zili mu chizindikiro: Dzina la wopanga kapena chizindikiro cha malonda; nambala yokhazikika; giredi; kutalika ndi chizindikiro chowonjezera "S".
Zizindikiro za kuthamanga kwa hydrostatic ndi mayeso osawononga zomwe zili patebulo pansipa ziyeneranso kuphatikizidwa.
Malo olemberaKulemba chizindikiro kuyenera kuyamba pafupifupi mainchesi 300 (300 mm) kuchokera kumapeto kwa chitoliro.
Pa mapaipi okwana NPS 2 kapena kuchepera 3 ft (1 m) m'litali, chizindikiro cha chidziwitso chikhoza kumangiriridwa ku chizindikirocho.
Chitoliro chachitsulo cha ASTM A335 P9 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ma boiler, malo opangira magetsi a petrochemical, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimafunika kupirira kutentha kwambiri komanso kupanikizika kwakukulu chifukwa cha kutentha kwake kwakukulu komanso kukana kuthamanga kwambiri.
Maboiler: Makamaka m'mapaipi akuluakulu a nthunzi ndi mapaipi obwezeretsanso kutentha kwa ma boiler ofunikira kwambiri komanso ofunikira kwambiri pa kutentha kwambiri komanso kupsinjika.
Zipangizo zamafuta: Monga mapaipi a cracker ndi mapaipi otentha kwambiri, omwe amagwira ntchito ndi nthunzi ndi mankhwala otentha kwambiri, amafunikira zipangizo zomwe zimateteza kutentha kwambiri komanso dzimbiri.
Malo opangira magetsi: Pa mapaipi akuluakulu a nthunzi ndi zotenthetsera zamphamvu, komanso mapaipi amkati mwa turbine kuti athe kuthana ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso kupanikizika kwa nthawi yayitali.
Zipangizo za P9 zili ndi magiredi awoawo m'machitidwe osiyanasiyana adziko lonse.
EN 10216-2: 10CrMo9-10;
GB/T 5310: 12Cr2Mo;
JIS G3462: STBA 26;
ISO 9329: 12CrMo195;
GOST 550: 12ChM;
Musanasankhe chinthu chilichonse chofanana nacho, tikukulimbikitsani kuti muyesere kuyerekeza ndi kuyesa mwatsatanetsatane magwiridwe antchito kuti muwonetsetse kuti chinthu chinacho chikukwaniritsa zofunikira za kapangidwe koyambirira.
Kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2014,Chitsulo cha Botopwakhala kampani yotsogola yogulitsa mapaipi achitsulo cha kaboni kumpoto kwa China, yodziwika bwino chifukwa cha ntchito zabwino kwambiri, zinthu zapamwamba, komanso mayankho omveka bwino.
Kampaniyo imapereka mapaipi osiyanasiyana achitsulo cha kaboni ndi zinthu zina zokhudzana nazo, kuphatikizapo mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko, ERW, LSAW, ndi SSAW, komanso mndandanda wathunthu wa zolumikizira mapaipi ndi ma flange. Zogulitsa zake zapadera zimaphatikizaponso zitsulo zapamwamba kwambiri ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic, zopangidwa kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za mapulojekiti osiyanasiyana a mapaipi.
Chonde musazengereze kulankhulana nafe ngati muli ndi zosowa kapena mafunso okhudza mapaipi achitsulo. Tikuyembekezera kulandira zambiri zanu ndipo tikuyembekezera kukuthandizani.
